The 27th National Convention on Civil Engineering
The Engineering Institute of Thailand Under H.M. The King's Patronage
บทความทั้งหมดที่ได้รับการคัดเลือกให้นำเสนอผลงานในการประชุมวิชาการวิศวกรรมโยธาแห่งชาติ ครั้งที่ 27 นี้ เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของ วิศวกรรมสถานแห่งประเทศไทย ในพระบรมราชูปถัมภ์
Validation of Hertzian Theory of a Cylinder Contact with a Plane Surface Using Finite Element Analysis
In general, contact stress is generated when a force is applied between solids in contact. Contact stress addressed sufficiently severe defects that occur within the construction design, and the end material may fail to qualify. Hertz's theory illustrates the contact stress issues at the contact regions between two elastic solids in frictionless contact. As a result, analyze the structural behavior, it requires Hertz contact stress to calculate the contact pressure between two elastic solids. In addition, the issues including complicated structural systems need to rely on numerical solutions to create an accurate solution for contact stress between two elastic solids. Therefore, the finite element method (FEM) is a numerical solution to achieve many complicated problems relevant to the contact mechanic. The primary objective of this research is to achieve the validation between Hertz contract stresses of a cylinder contact with a flat surface by using FEM.
Copyright (c) 2022 The Engineering Institute of Thailand Under H.M. The King's Pratonage
EXACT SOLUTION OF T-STRESS COMPONENTS FOR PENNY-SHAPED CRACK IN TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPIC ELASTIC MEDIUM UNDER THERMAL LOADING
This paper presents closed-form solutions for T-stress components of a penny-shaped crack in a three-dimensional, transversely isotropic, linearly elastic infinite medium under a thermal loading. The solution for the case of uniform temperature load acting on the crack surface is derived. Existing analytical solutions of the stress field are employed along with the near-front expansion and standard differentiation and limiting process to derive T-stress components in term of elementary functions. Numerical example shows that the T-stress components under thermal loading depend on the material properties. The obtained closed-form solutions can be used as the benchmark solutions for analysis of general crack problems.
อภิสิทธิ์ ตุ้ยสา
ปิยะฉัตร ฉัตรตันใจ
วีรพร พงศ์ติณบุตร
ยโสธร ทรัพย์เสถียร
ทศพร ประเสริฐศรี
Design-Chart for Steel Beam with Load & Resistance Factor Method using the Thailand Sections
Steel beam design generally has many stages: checking the type of cross-section, determine the nominal flexural strength of cross-sections which depends on yielding, lateral-torsional buckling, as well as local buckling of cross-sections. There are many formulas based on cross-section type. To solve the problems that concern on a long determination process, waste the time, and error of calculation. This article presents the design charts of steel beams according to the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) based on the design standards of the Engineering Authority of Thailand. For the most popular W, C, and HSS steel crosssections available in Thailand according to TIS standards. This article will only develop graphs for compact sections. The results of this study were to obtain the design-charts of the relationship between the unbraced length and the design flexural strength.
ทักษกร พรบุญญานนท์
CONSTRUCTION COST ANALYSIS OF LOW-RISE BUILDINGS DESIGNED FOR RESISTING EARTHQUAKE LOAD
According to the 2021 Ministerial Regulations, the earthquake-affected areas are designated as three areas affected by earthquake forces, respectively, in order of severity of the earthquake. Ministerial Regulations B.E. 2564 (2) Area 3 identifies buildings with a height of 10 meters or 3 storeys or more, and residential buildings that operate in accordance with the laws governing the allocation. This is a building with high volume construction today. The design of the building in accordance with such requirements. By designing buildings to resist earthquakes, construction costs have also increased. The study then analyzed rising construction prices with buildings designing earthquake-resistant structures. It is a reinforced concrete building. 2-3 floors construction in the Mae Ai, Chiangmai Thailand the acceleration was 0.2 seconds at 1.080g to be used as an analytical area for the cost of increased from the construction of buildings designing anti-earthquake building structures. Using a newly designed construction model. The analysis was conducted with equivalent static and linear dynamics according to the standard of DPT.1301/1302-61 using the area in Area 3 in accordance with ministerial regulations B.E. 2564 (2021). The static methodology and linear dynamics have increased structural construction costs by 10-15% compared to buildings that have not been designed and not reinforced to be tough according to the standards of DPT. 1301/1302-61.
Comparison between Analyzing and Testing of Structures under Ground Movements
This study performs time history analyses of 4-storey plane building model under base movements with 2 approaches i.e.,acceleration and displacement approaches. Results of the analysis show in form of acceleration history at each building level. Thisstudy also performs the shaking table test to verify the analytical results. The building model is testing under 4 different frequencies harmonic movements i.e., 1.0 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 3.0 Hz and 4.0 Hz. Experimental results in form of acceleration history at each level are compared with the analytical results. The comparisons show that the acceleration approach gives higher maximum accelerationthan those from experiment. While, the displacement approach gives more accurate results.
ณรงค์ฤทธิ์ พร้อมจะบก
Prediction of thermal response of FRP-reinforced beam section
This paper applied 2D and 3D non-linear transient temperature analysis to predict the temperature distribution of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforced concrete beams using a commercial finite element program. Using ANSYS software, a 2D and 3D models of fiber-reinforced polymer reinforced concrete beams are constructed. The analytical results are verified with the testing result obtained by Abbasi and Hogg (2004) and Rafi (2007) and the experimental results obtained by Kodur et al. (2013). In this research, the temperature distributions at fiber-reinforced polymer is observed. Also, the critical temperature at fiber-reinforced polymer is used in this work. From literature, the value of critical temperature of carbon and glass fiber-reinforced polymer are 300°C and 360°C, respectively. Based on the results, the obtained temperature distribution of fiber-reinforced polymer reinforced concrete beams agree well with the obtained resulted from literature. The thermal properties of concrete are studies. The obtained results from 2D and 3D models are similar.
Efficiency Comparison between Flat Voided Slab and RC Flat Slab Systems
Flat voided slab is another type of reinforced concrete slab, in which some parts of concrete are replaced with plastic voided shapes. This system leads to reduce its structural dead weight, which is one factor to achieve an advanced structural design with longer span length, less dimension of corresponding structural components, and ease of budget control in the project. However, the use of Flat voided slab system in Thailand is still limited due to lack of know-how, insufficient information to confirm its performance. Therefore, this research aims to study the performance of Flat voided slab compared to Flat slab system with varied slab sizes. The results of thickness, structural dead load and the reducing percentage of their self-weight are compared. Moreover, the effect of using Flat voided slab in structural building is also investigated through the comparison between Flat voided slab and Normal flat slab applied in 5th floor building with span length of 9 m. The result shows that to use Flat voided slab in the building significantly affected the reduction of structural dead load and leaded to the smaller dimension of column and number of piles. Consequently, the distributed loading on the foundation could be reduced up to 16%.
กรวิชญ์ หงส์ธารารักษ์
ปกรณ์ธรรม นันทวิสิทธิ์
ธีชวีร์ ลีละวัฒน์
พรเพ็ญ ลิมปนิลชาติ
Performance study of composite metal decks With openings under combined sustained loading and fire
This paper examines the load-bearing behavior of metal deck composite decks with openings under sustained loads and fire. For concrete used to be poured over metal decks, metal decks are divided into 2 groups: concrete using general aggregate and concrete using aggregate from digested concrete. which has a positive effect on the use of alternative materials Both in terms of strength properties of concrete mix from aggregate from concrete rubble depends on the strength of concrete crumbs. Payload sustained and fire by measuring between time and temperature and deflection with the load remaining. which factors affect the fire resistance rate Consists of concrete properties including type and properties of steel floors, steel beams, anchoring and composite action. Each fire has a temperature of 600 °C - 1000°C. Indoor steel can be melted under high temperature. 1500°C
Seismic Performance of Steel Structures Designed By Response Spectrum Analysis Procedure
This research studies seismic performance of steel structures designed by response spectrum analysis procedure that in the seismic design standard for building DPT 1301/1302-61 has improved Response Spectrum Analysis method (RSA) to modified response spectrum analysis method (MRSA). The MRSA is an improvement on the shear calculating to be safe that has obtained from concrete reinforcement high rise building research. However, the MRSA method was not studied for use in steel buildings. The objective of this study is to investigate adequacy of seismic demands obtained from RSA procedure in designing steel structures. This research considers Steel Special Concentric Braced Frame (3, 6 and 9-story). The studied buildings are located in Mueang district, Chiang Mai province that is designed by RSA method from DPT 1301/1302-61, DPT 1304-61 and AISC 360-16. And then analyze by Nonlinear Response History Analysis method (NLRHA). To evaluate performance of structures to resist seismic and consider story drift, steel column buckling and resisting force for connection design. The results show that the Steel Special Concentric Braced Frame designed by RSA can resist the seismic load.
ณัฐธีร์ ยศพลจิรกิตต์
The Evaluation Performance of Concrete Barrier to Resist the Collision Force on the Expressway
From past to presents many car accidents on the expressway was found that the vehicle with over speed limit is the most cause of damaged that occurred. These causes of damage affect on properties and risk of life. In order to decreased the severity of the accident and prevented the vehicle falling, it is important to increased the road safety. Recently, there are 2 types of the concrete barriers constructed on the expressway to prevented the car crash; Which are “the New Jersey Safety-Shape barrier” and “F-Shape barrier”. This paper aims to study the evaluation of concrete barrier performance in each type to analyze the strength to resisting the collision force from the vehicle. The simulation model was used to calculate the collision force of vehicle with speed between 80 – 140 km/hr. The crash directions were 20, 25 and 45 degree which were the actual direction of the collision on the concrete barrier and based on the actual crash test standard NCHRP 350. The collision force simulation was in the form of static load to evaluate the performance of the concrete barrier strength and reinforcement. The evaluation of reinforcement was used to plan strengthening the concrete barriers when the performance of concrete barriers couldn’t resist the collision force enough.
ธราดล หงส์อติกุล
นันทวรรณ พิทักษ์พานิช
เทพฤทธิ์ รัตนปัญญากร
Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Girders in Chanthaburi River Bridge using Finite Element Method by ATENA program
The bridge over the Chanthaburi River is a pre-stressed concrete bridge. As the bridge is located near the river mouth connected to the sea, it has a high tendency to lose its reinforcing bar due to corrosion from an aggressive environment, which results in the loss of effective reinforcement ratio and spalling of covering concrete. Furthermore, due to the prestress losses in post-tensioned bridge girders, it can induce excessive deflections and crack in PC bridge girders. Including the amount of traffic that is increasing every year. This project is aimed to assess the condition of the superstructure of the bridge by analyze the behavior and predict the structural failure patterns of the bridge by using 2D Non-linear Finite Element Method (FEM), ATENA 2D software. The model was evaluated based on AASHTO LRFD-2007 standards. From the analytical results, the influence of prestress losses was greater than the influence of corrosion. Furthermore, the bridge has more value than AASHTO standard which meant that the bridge’s girders had slight deterioration. Therefore, the bridge will be able to support the load capacity. However, maintenance is required to strengthen and prevent structural corrosion, improve the structural efficiency, and prolong service life in the future.
Finite Element Method for Large Deflection Analysis of Free Horizontally Sliding Supported Beam
This research presents a large deflection analysis of beams with moveable support subjected to self-weight and compression at beam tip. A mathematical model of beams has been developed based on virtual work principle. The study used a non-linear Finite Element Method (FEM) combined with the Newton-Raphson iterative method to obtain numerical solutions. In addition, a system of first order non-linear differential equations, which is obtained by considering the force and moment equilibrium of the beam segment is used for calculation the internal force of the beam. The computer program for implementing the finite element algorithm is developed by Fortran 90. The numerical verification revealed that the result obtained from the finite element method were consistent with the result from the shooting method. The result also showed that the beam self-weight and the compressive force acting on the support cause the support movement, which induce large deflection, and instability of the beam.
Evaluation of the Regional Bridge (DonHoiLord) for CFRP Structural Strengthening
DonHoiLord Bridge or the Regional Bridge is located on a tourism/industrial rural road in Sumutsongkram province. The Sumutsongkram Rural Road Office, Department of Rural Roads evaluated the bridge structure by performing full load tests. The structural responses were measured by using both linear displacement transducers (LVDTs) and strain gages. The test results were then used as a part of information for design strengthening of the bridge using carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP). The full load test was then performed after bridge strengthening. The test results showed that the mid-span deflections including strain levels were reduced. This may conclude that the CFRP strengthening method is the effective method to reduce both stress level and deflection imposed on the bridge structure.
กิตติภูมิ รอดสิน
ปรัชญา ยอดดำรงค์
A Comparative Analysis in Designing Reinforced Concrete Retaining Wall and Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall in Resisting Seismic Load
This article presents the calculation and design of a cantilever concrete retaining wall and a mechanically stabilized earth wall by considering the external stability to withstand the seismic force that is needed in the design especially if the construction sites are in northern or western Thailand. While the calculation design examples are not widespread, this article exemplifies the calculation details in designing both reinforced concrete retaining walls and mechanically stabilized earth walls in resisting seismic load using M-O equation to estimate the dynamic lateral earth pressure and then compare the result with the design with no seismic force with the static lateral earth pressure. This article uses a 2.5-meters retaining wall example design guided by its failure modes. Using a maximum acceleration at 0.4g and a ground acceleration at 0.12g shows that the cantilever concrete retaining wall requires less backfill soil because the cantilever concrete retaining wall also uses concrete weight in resisting forces while the mechanically stabilized earth wall uses only backfill soil weight. Furthermore, both the cantilever concrete retaining wall and the mechanically stabilized earth wall with similar rectangular backfill soil shapes have different capabilities in resisting forces, moments, and different factors of safety if considering the effects of different shapes, inertia forces, and wall friction angles
วุฒิชัย ชาติพัฒนานันท์
INVESTIGATION OF BRIDGE INSPECTION USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE
Inspecting the bridge structure is one of the important steps in increasing the service life of the bridge. Visual inspection is the first step of the inspection that requires manpower to access the area to check for damages. As a duty of an engineer or an inspector, it has been required for them to have knowledge and Understanding bridge methods and behaviors to assess structural damages to bridges. Time-consuming, high-cost and individual have been taken into account for consideration, including the concealment of information. This research studies have presented Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology that has the capability to reach and reduce accidents, as well as the ability to create 3D models. In this research, the principle of Photogrammetry has been presented to create a point cloud model (Point Cloud) to process Orthophotos that are effective in detecting bridge damages. The Ground Sample Distance (GSD) has been Configured resolution for 0.5 cm/pix, Overlap and Sidelap 80 and 80 are also respectively configured, including all 29 Ground Control Point (GCP) and Check Point (CP) assignments. The results have been validated for distances at each replicated point with 38 real areas, meanwhile damage patterns occur on the model versus 26 actual locations. The results have shown another alternative outcome that could replace traditional audits. It increases opportunity to access information and reduce the risks that may cause harm to the speculators. Each point of the Orthophotos have had an average percentage discrepancy of 1.14%, and the damaged inspection have an average percentage discrepancy of 12.37%, compared to the actual damages on the bridge
Study Cases of Steel Plate Epoxy Bonded Reinforced Concrete Beams with End and Intermediate Anchored Bolts
A main drawback of external strengthening in reinforced concrete beams by bonding steel plates to the concrete tension surface is the interfacial debonding failure between a steel plate and a concrete beam that leads to the loss of composite action. This is due to the induced large shear and peeling distributed forces at a small region near the ends of the steel plate. To avoid or prevent this mentioned situation, results which found in the experiments with an additional installation of the anchored bolts in the reinforced concrete beams strengthened by epoxy bonded steel plate have been indicated that a significant increase in both the load carrying capacity and deflection of the beams can be achieved. Nevertheless, the failure by debonding is still occurred which can be observed from the load-deflection relationships. The experimental results have also been shown that the use of bolted anchorage system can prevent the occurrence of full debonding failure due to premature end peeling of the steel plate and also improves the performance of the strengthened beam. The mode of failure is changed from the brittle mode for beams without anchorage to the ductile mode for beams with anchorage, which is a good failure mode.
ธนัตศักดิ์ ธีระเกตุ
ปฏิภาณ จันทรวิชิต
Experimental Investigation on Flexure Strength of Doubly Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Externally Bonded Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Plates
An experimental investigation for simply supported doubly reinforced concrete beams and strengthened in flexure with externally bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer plates to the tension face of concrete where both ends of the CFRP plate have been fully wrapped to prevent the premature failures due to plate-end interfacial debonding between a CFRP plate and a concrete beam or separation of concrete covering, loaded by monotonically increasing symmetrical loads is presented in this paper to determine the load carrying capacity and deflection response. The interested parameters consisting of concrete compressive strengths and the positions of loading that effected to the first cracking load, yielding load, debonding load, ultimate load, and alsofailure mode are considered.
ธนัท นกเอี้ยงทอง
Strength of Precast Concrete Bearing Walls with Large Opening
This research studied the strength of precast concrete bearing walls with large opening. The size of specimens was reduced to get the strength of 1/3 of the actual nominal wall’s strength. Two specimens were constructed with the dimensions of 175 cm wide, 175 cm high and 7 cm thick. One of which was a solid wall, the other had a 45% opening. Tests were performed by applying the uniformly distributed load at the upper edge along the length of the wall. Test results showed that the wall without opening had a load carrying capacity of 78.43 tons with a buckling mode of failure. The ultimate testing load was found to be 2.4% and 14.1% different from the theoretical values according to the ACI 318-19 and AS-3600-2009 standard , respectively. For the wall with large opening, the failure mode was flexural failure with compression control. The load carrying capacity was 47% decrease. This experimental value compared to the theoretical value suggested by Saheb and Desayi was found to be 7.4% different. The discrepancy may result that the theoretical vale was formulated by the test results of wall with opening less than 27%. Therefore, from this research of wall with very large or 45% opening, the Empirical formula was developed using test results both of Saheb and Desayi [3] and researchers. The proposed formula can decrease the degree of discrepancy to be less than 2.3% which suitable for strength prediction of walls with large opening. Keywords: Strength of precast concrete bearing wall, Strength of precast concrete bearing walls with large opening, Equation for strength of precast concrete walls with large opening
Comparative Study of modeling of shallow foundation on low-rise building subjected to earthquake loading
When the low-rise building, which is located on shallow foundation, is subjected to an earthquake loading, the shallow foundation is usually considered as fixed supports or pinned supports. However, The earthquake loading will apply the horizontal movement and rotational movement to the foundation. Thus, the soil-structure interaction shall be taken into account for shallow foundation modeling as well. This research is purposed to study the modeling result of the shallow foundation by using three types of support condition. Those are fixed support, pin support, and spring support under an earthquake loading. Then, it will be compared to find the type of support that is suitable for each soil layer in order to design the building that is capable to resist the earthquake loading. The Seismic resistant building design standard (DPT 1301/1302-61) is employed to be used for analysis of the movement of buildings and to compare the modeling result between fixed support, pinned support and spring support.
นพรัตน์ เจนมั่นคง
Forces Restraining Buckling of Reinforcing Bars
Reinforced concrete columns in existing buildings that were not designed to resist seismic loading have a widely transverse reinforcement and there is a chance that the longitudinal reinforcement is buckled and then covering concrete is spalled off in the event of a severe earthquake. Therefore, the columns should be retrofitted by restraining the buckling of reinforcing bars. This study tested the compressive strength of reinforcing bars with horizontal force restraining the buckling. The specimens are grade SD40 and have diameters of 16 mm, 20 mm and 25 mm. The test results show that the restraining force increases after the yield point and increases progressively with increasing compressive strain. For reinforcing bar with large diameter, greater restraining force is required. The results of this test can be applied to the design of column retrofit in the future study.
Effects of Steel Fibers on Mechanical Properties and Creep of High Performance Concrete Containing Ground Coal-Bottom Ash
This research aims to study the mechanical properties and creep of steel fiber reinforced high performance concrete containing ground coal bottom ash (GBA). A very fine bottom ash, particles retained on a No.325 sieve less than 1% by weight, was used to partially replace ordinary Portland cement at a rate of 70% by weight of the binder. In addition, straight steel fiber (length of 13 and 20 mm) and hooked-end steel fiber (length of 35 mm) were used in concrete at the rates of 0.5 and 1.0% by volume. Binder content of concrete was kept a constant of 600 kg/m3 and water to binder ratio of 0.27 was used. The slump flow was controlled between 650-750 mm and time at a flow diameter of 500 mm was maintained between 5-20 seconds by using superplasticizer. The compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, and creep strain of concrete were investigated. The results revealed that the compressive strength at 28 days of high performance concrete containing 70% GBA with 1.0% hooked-end steel fiber was up to 80.4 MPa. The flexural strength and toughness of concrete were significantly improved with the fiber length. Moreover, the creep strain of concrete was reduced with the increase of fiber content.
Damage Index for Seismic Evaluation of Infill Walls in Reinforced Concrete Frames
This research presents the determination of an appropriate earthquake damage index for infilled masonry walls in reinforced concrete frame structures. The index can be used to determine the level of damage to the infill wall under earthquake loading. The damage index can be obtained from structural analysis of the infilled RC frame with appropriate model for the frame and infill elements using Park-Ang formula. The proposed damage index was calibrated with the test results collected from previous studies. The data used in this study were based on cyclic tests of RC frames with masonry wall subjected to monotonic and horizontal cyclic loads. The behavior of the infilled wall was stimulated using as two equivalent compression-only struts. The analysis results including the displacement and energy dissipation were used to assess the damage occurred to the infilled wall. The proposed damage index can be used in the design and performance assessment of reinforced concrete frames with masonry walls.
วนัชพร งามประเทืองโสภา
สุทัศน์ ลีลาทวีวัฒน์
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF 3D PRINTED CONCRETE UNDER COMPRESSION AND HIGH TEMPERATURE
The problems related to construction remain unsolved, e.g., increasing of cost materials and worker and the need of skilled labor. Therefore, using of three-dimensional (3D) printing concrete technology can solve these problems. However, 3D printed concrete structure is still lacking knowledge, especially concrete behavior under high temperature. Thus, a model of 3D printed concrete wall was developed using ANSYS. The wall had dimensions of 12 cm depth. 132 cm width and 77 cm height. After that, the vertical were applied to the model during exposure to high temperature. The results show that the strength of 3D printed concrete wall at high temperature was lower than that of unheated concrete. Additionally, the buckling failure could be observed when the load applying during exposure to high temperature.
Comparison of Seismic Demand from Earthquake by Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure in Different Versions of Design Codes
Laws or standards for analyzing and designing structure to resist the earthquake in Thailand was first mandated in 1997 (2540 B.E.) by the Ministerial Regulation No. 49 according to the Building Control Act 1979 (2522 B.E.). Since then, series of laws and standards has been followed. i.e., The Ministerial Regulation 2007 (2550 B.E.), DPT 1302-2552 2009, DPT 1301/1302-61 2018, and Ministerial Regulation 2021 (2564 B.E.), respectively. Abroad, UBC1985, ASCE7-02, ASCE7-05, ASCE7-10, ASCE7-16, and recently ASCE7-22 have been released. This paper reports the comparison study of resulting seismic demands by using the Equivalent Lateral Force procedure specified in different versions of design codes. A case study of a 14.4 x 28.8 m x 5 floors building with special reinforced concrete moment resisting frame is used for the analysis. It is assumed that the building is located in Chiang Rai province and Bangkok. For the Chiang Rai province case, the analysis results shows that the base shear from using the recent Ministerial Regulation 2021 (2564 B.E.) is almost double as compare to Ministerial Regulation 1997 (2540 B.E.). However, if the building is located in Bangkok, the opposite is true. The resulting base shear from ASCE7-16 is 1.20 and 1.39 times that of ASCE7-02 for Chiang Rai and Bangkok province cases, respectively. Given that the newly released codes is correct and precise, many old buildings may not be sufficiently strong and should be subject to the assessment for enhancing their resistance to possible earthquakes in the future.
รองศาสตราจารย์ ดร.สมชาย ปฐมศิริ
Comparison of Seismic Demand from Earthquake by Response Spectrum Analysis Procedure in Different Versions of Design Codes
Details for analyzing and designing of structures for resisting earthquake in Thailand by dynamic approach was first published in 2009 (2552 B.E.) by the Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning in DPT1302-52. The most recent version the Ministerial Regulation 2021 (2564 B.E.) which adopted the DPT1301/1302-61. Abroad, UBC1985, ASCE7-02, ASCE7-05, ASCE7-10, ASCE7-16, and recently ASCE7-22 have been released. This paper reports the comparison study of resulting seismic demands by using the Response Spectrum Analysis procedure specified in different versions of design codes. A case study of a 14.4 x 28.8 m x 5 floors building with special reinforced concrete moment resisting frame is used for the analysis. It is assumed that the building is located in Chiang Rai province and Bangkok. The results shows that DPT1301/1302-61 or the Ministerial Regulation 2021 gave 3.22 and 3.95 times higher base shear than DPT1302-52 for designing the vertical structural member of building in Chiang Rai and Bangkok provinces, respectively. Meanwhile, the ASCE7-16 gave 1.43 and 1.48 times higher base shear than ASCE7-02 for Chiang Rai and Bangkok province cases, respectively. For all cases, the story drifts are still within the allowable limit and the buildings are stable against the overturning moments. The significant increase of the base shear by using DPT1301/1302-61 indicates that the columns and walls may need to be re-designed or retrofit in order to increase the shear capacity. This implies changing the size or amount of reinforcement of the structural members.
The strengthening of cellular beam with ring stiffeners
This study was to determine parameters which affect the structural strength of the cellular steel beam with strengthening by ring stiffeners. Because these studies are quite limited in the literature. A total of 120 nonlinear finite element models, covering geometrics of cellular beam and ring stiffener, are used in this study. The analysis results showed ring stiffeners can provide high strength for reinforced beams with opening ratio 0.8 and spacing ratio 1.1. The maximum strength is 259% (cellular beam with height ratio 2.2 and thickness of ring stiffener ratio 1.3). The most effective strengthening is compact section. For same slenderness section, thick rings have higher strength than thin rings. For beams with height ratio 2.6 (high slender section) , the rate of reinforcement tends to be less than beams whose sections are small slenderness. This may be due to the slenderness of section, making they failed by web-post buckling.
Linear Dynamic Responses under Nonstationary Forces with Artificial Neural Network Model
The objective of this paper is to propose the artificial neural network (ANN) model as a surrogate model for determining the dynamic responses of shear frame structure under nonstationary excitation due to the seismic forces. A multi-layer feed-forward neural network is employed particularly in ANN architecture for mapping a large number of generated non-stationary excitations that based on the universal approximation theorem as input to output of stochastic dynamic responses analysis. The proposed idea and computational procedure is illustrated through a time-domain analysis of the simplified 3-DOF linear dynamic system subjected to non-stationary ground motion excitation. From the obtained numerical results shown the potential of the proposed methodology in terms of computational time and accuracy.
ปวริศ โปษยะนันทน์
Analysis of a Bridge on Chiang Mai-Chiang Rai Highway No.118 Under Earthquake Load
Highway bridge is an important lifelines. Because it is built for the purpose of providing passage over obstacle such as valleys, rivers, road or rail. However, if the bridge was not designed properly, it may cause severely damages owing to the bridge failure. Earthquake is a natural phenomenon that can do significant damage to structures. Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai which is ranked as the 1st and 2nd largest economy in Northern Thailand. Also, Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai share borders with other countries such as Laos, Myanmar and Southern China, resulting in higher economic growth between countries. In this study, the bridge on the highway route 118 (Latitude 18.979623, Longitude 99.259073) Pa Miang, Doi Saket, Chiang Mai, Thailand, that links Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai, is selected to assess the seismic performance. The selected bridge is located near active faults in which caused the 6.3 richter earthquake in 2014. Therefore, seismic behaviors of the selected highway bridge is very important. In this study, nonlinear time history analysis was applied to acquire and to evaluate seismic behaviors of the selected highway bridge. Seismic behaviors of the selected highway bridge using nonlinear time history analysis are presented. Moreover, information and recommendations based on the results are provided.
The Effect of Building Model Considering Pile Foundation in Seismic Evaluation
This article presents a comparative study of the evaluation results and responses of the building between model building considering pile foundation and model building considering without pile foundation under seismic load using Phayao Province spectrum. In this study was selected commercial building 4 story reinforced concrete of the Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning. The foundation model is constructed with frame element and spring represented pile embedded in soil under lateral load of the piles at different depths. Base on the study, it reveals that, the building model with pile has difference mode shapes and higher natural frequency in fundamental mode shape and model participation ratio compared with the building model without pile. Models with piles had lower Y-axis stiffness values for lateral forces, increased building maximum resistance values and were assessed with reduced seismic loads, resulting in a reduced level of damage. The researcher experimented with changing the length of the piles to be of different lengths. It was found that the analysis of structures with pile foundations would reduce the seismic force used to assess if the pile length was increased. But the building structure will have more buildingdeformation. The building model should consider sub structure, especially in case consider the length of the pile foundation, in order to evaluate the seismic performance of the building properly.
นายณัฐนที ท้าวพันวงค์
Comparison Study of Response Modification Factor for RC Structures with Shear Wall of Building in Thailand
Reinforced concrete (RC) structures with shear wall are popular structural system on high-rise buildings in Thailand. Shear wall is a structural member used to resist lateral forces, especially seismic load. The Seismic resistant building design standard (DPT 1301/1302-61) has referenced any factor from foreign standards as a template for the preparation of this standard. In particular, the response modification factor (R) is an important factor in determining the base shear and internal forces of the design components. This research presents comparison study of response modification factor (R) for ordinary reinforced concrete shear wall in standard. The R value in design standard (R = 5) is compared with the R value based on Uang’s method. From the study, the R values are 5.54 and 4.15 in X and Y-directions of building, respectively. The study of R value is lower than specified in the standard in Y-direction.
An Inspection and Evaluation of Fire Damaged on the Expressway Structures for Planning Structural Repairs
In recent decades, fire incidents occurred on the expressway structures have caused considerable damages. The Expressway Authority of Thailand (EXAT) in collaboration with qualified structural inspectors have investigated and evaluated the damage on the element of expressway structure in order to create effective plans for repairing to ensure that the structures are safe and ready in service. This article studies about the guideline to inspection and evaluation damage of the overpass structures that affected from the fire incidents at the part of cantilever decks and box girders. The inspection of structural damaged level and the evaluation have applied the preliminary physical survey by visual inspection and the insight analysis of a structural engineering survey. The insight analysis of a structural engineering survey consists of an inspection of concrete compressive strength by using a nondestructive test, an inspection of concrete deterioration (acidity–alkalinity), reinforcement corrosion inspection, and inspection of tensile values of the pre-stressed tendon inside the box girder segment. The results of various investigations will be used to indicate the level of damage and to provide effective repair and maintenance plans for the expressway structures to ensure their stability
อิศราพงษ์ ขานทอง
Finite element analysis of tempered glass with safety film subjected to blast loading
Explosions from the past to the present have resulted in the loss of property and lives. More dangerous if the blasting area has glass. Government buildings in Oslo, Norway suffered glass damage because of an explosion, however, no dangerous glass fragments were present because the safety film was installed there. This research presents finite element analysis of tempered glass with safety film subjected to blast loading. To predict the behavior of tempered glass and be able to simulate the behavior of tempered glass with safety film. The research first develops the finite element model of tempered glass to determine the effect of uniform loading and blast loading. The results were validated by the previous experimental test. Then, the researcher developed the finite element model of tempered glass with safety film based on the case study. Starting from the explosion distance of 1 m, 2 m and 4 m using TNT explosive weighing starting at 1 kg and increasing the blast until the safety film is breaking. To determine the maximum strength of safety film. The results showed that at a standoff distance 2 m, safety film breaks when TNT explosive weighing is 2 kg and at a standoff distance 4 m safety film breaks when TNT explosive weighing to 6 kg with a deflection at the center of glass about 140 mm.
สิรวิชญ์ อัครสุต
Reliability Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Pier using Inspected Concrete Deterioration
In the modern world, technologies are used to assist in bridge construction and maintenance tasks, leading to a more robust and efficient process. Being able to investigate structural damage conditions and accurately predict the likelihood of structural failure will enable engineering practitioners to effectively plan the bridge maintenance to prevent any catastrophic damage that might occur. This study presents a reliability analysis of the bridge’s pier structure, demonstrating a case study of the bridge over the Chanthaburi River, which has been in service for 26 years and is subjected to deterioration under service load over the lifespan. Ultimately, this study aims to analyze the damage of bridge piers by using the 3D Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis, employing ATENA software to simulate the force and the deflection that occurred to determine the Reliability Index of the structure. Consequently, the FEM results will be analyzed further by SARA software to determine the structure's reliability. The results indicate that the reliability index data could be used as a reference in the future to assess the bridge's structural condition and plan for the rehabilitation process in advance.
เกวลิน เทพสุภรณ์กุล
The Structural Optimization for Small Residential Buildings Constructed by Foldable Method
This article presents the design of small foldable residential buildings in tropical climate by utilizing the machinery principles along with the Comprehensive Learning Particle Swarm Optimization (CLPSO) Algorithm to determine the optimal selection of truss member section. The research resulted in the design of a semi-detached gable house which can be folded and transported by the standard truck with the lightest truss weight.
สมพงษ์ รุ่งสว่าง
Reliability Analysis Before and After Strengthening the Existing Structure due to addition of Steel Structure on the Building’s Roof
The proposed research is a reliability analysis of reinforced concrete beams and roof slab structures of a 6-story reinforced concrete building, Faculty of Architecture and Planning, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, before and after strengthening design using CFRP method, steel plate, and ferrocement, so that the slab and beam structures can support the additional steel structures used for co-research laboratories and classrooms. Before and after the strengthening, the analysis was utilized to calculate the bending moment and shear of the beam structure and the roof slab. Considering how dissimilar they are after that, the structural reliability index was calculated and compared to the reliability index target. The reliability index after strengthening is higher than the reliability index before strengthening.
Interaction Diagram for Crack Control of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Additional Reinforcing Bars
This research was to study the residual tensile strength and flexural of steel-fiber reinforced concrete with additional reinforcing bar. The test was conducted in accordance with BS EN 14651. The crack width due to one-way flexural strength of the steel-fiber-concrete rebar reinforcement was studied and the crack width was calculated by using the the EUROCODE 2 standard developed by Löfgren. To create an algorithm for analyzing flexural strength with axial force for safety envelope, using crack width as a control parameter. From the algorithm results, it was found that Research shows that the amount of rebar, the thickness of cross-section, and the amount of steel fibers all affect the crack width that occurs. By inserting rebar into the cross-section, the crack width due to bending force is reduced. While increasing the thickness, the cracking moment becomes higher. The study also found that when using the EUROCODE 2 standard crack width as a safety control, the cross-section of steel fiber reinforced concrete with rebar can only carry 20 to 30 percent of the bending force.
ดำริห์ อร่ามศรีประเสริฐ
EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE AND WIND LOADS ON LOW-RISE BUILDINGS
This paper aims to study the effects of earthquake and wind loads on low-rise buildings that represent the most popular ones for many constructions, especially housing projects. The study can be divided into 2 parts. The first part presented the analysis results of the one, two, and three-storey sample buildings. The buildings are assumed to be in a high seismic area (Phrae, Thailand) with a ground response acceleration value of 0.2 sec. at 1.086g. The structural behavior, base shear, and shear force of vertical structural members are studied and compared by using the equivalent static analysis, modal response spectrum analysis, wind load from Building Control Act, B.E. 2522, and wind load by DPT 1311-50 standard. The second part was an analysis of the two-storey buildings by assuming that the buildings are in three different areas. The study found that the lateral forces from earthquakes significantly affect the building more than the wind forces. The Modified Response Spectrum Analysis (MRSA) provides the base shears about 2-3 times comparing to those obtained from the equivalent static force. The shear forces in the vertical members for one- and two-storey buildings obtained from the equivalent static force and MRSA are close to each other. However, for the three-storey building, the shear forces in the vertical members from the equivalent static method were explicitly higher than those calculated from MRSA.
ชินวัฒน์ เรือนคำปา
Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beam where Concrete is Partially Replaced by Foam
Reinforced concrete beams have a lower weight but still have significant flexural capacity. Partial foam concrete replacement to reduce the weight of beam and study the flexural behavior and failure characteristics of reinforced concrete beam. The sample beam, cross sectional size 10 x 15 centimeters with span length 120 centimeters with two 9 millimeters diameter bars in both tension and compression sides. The beams are replaced by foam with a cross section of 2.50 x 5.00centimeters, divided into 2groups: 2 foam insert group, 20 30 and 40 centimeters long, and 1 foam insert group, 90 centimeters long. The designed compressive strength of a standard cubical concrete 240 kilograms per square centimeter were used for this research with a curing age of 28 days. The sample was tested by 3 points and 4 points bending force for flexural strength and deflection until the beam failed. The results are compared with reinforced concrete beams of the same cross section and length, but without foam replacement. It was found that the position of placing the foam in type 2x40 centimeters can bear the maximum bending moments of 6.46, which were lower than 5.42 percent compared to the normal sample beam. Demonstrates a significant flexural strength compared to the reduced beam weight
พงศ์ศักดิ์ ศุขมณี
SEISIMIC ASSESSMENT OF A CIRCULAR LIQUID-CONTAINING CONCRETE STRUCTURE
Large size circular liquid-containing structure is one of the most important infrastructures in water supply service. In Thailand,several of them have been constructed before implementation of the national seismic regulations. This paper proposes procedures for seismic assessment of the existing circular liquid-containing concrete structures. The first part of the analysis is to estimate the sloshing force acting on the structure induced from oscillation of water during earthquake. The fundamental of coupling of finite volume and finite element method, coupler Eulerian Lagrangian (CEL) are applied. To analyze the hydrodynamic force from sloshing, penalty contract algorithm is used in 3D model and column of the clarifier is modeled as a single column, stiffness equivalent to the stiffness of the clarifier. The second part is an analysis of the supporting structures subjected to the sloshing force by using linear time history analysis. Ground motions corresponding to the design response spectral in Zone 5 of DPT 1301/1302-61 are used for analysis. The selected ground motions correspond with the Conditional Mean Spectrum (CMS) at 0.2, 0.5 and 3.0 second. The results of this research demonstrate the applicability to model the force transfer from finite volume into a single column under seismic load by comparing with the model of water sloshing. The on-going research is to evaluate the safety of the structure from the earthquake response.
จีรุจ บ่างตระกูลนนท์
SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF UNBONDED POST-TENSIONED PRECAST CONCRETE BEAM-COLUMN FRAME BUILDINGS WITH BUCKLING-RESTRAINED KNEE BRACES
Based on previous earthquakes, it was discovered that precast concrete beam-column systems mostly have weaknesses at the beam-column joints because precast concrete joints tend to have less strength, stiffness and toughness than cast-in-place structures. This study presents an alternative system of precast concrete beam-column structure that utilizes prestressed steel reinforcement and buckling-restrained knee braces (BRKBs). In this study, the exterior beam-column subassemblies were investigated using a quasi-static reversed cyclic loading test to simulate seismic load. The behaviors of three beam-column joint specimens were studied in this study: 1) the cast-in-place beam-column joint 2) the unbonded post-tensioned precast beamcolumn joint, and 3) unbonded post-tensioned precast beam-column joint with the buckling-restrained knee brace (BRKB) installed around the beam-column joint's corner. The test considered damage patterns, force-drift relationship, strength, and energy dissipation. The tests revealed that reinforcing the structure with a buckling-restrained knee brace (BRKB) makes it ductile, with lateral force resistance and energy dissipation similar to the cast-in-place specimen.
เอกรินทร์ ชัยสนิท
ฤทธิภูมิ นาคะอินทร์
พัณณิตา สุระอุดร
ธัญญพร ขำวิจิตร์
เอกชัย อยู่ประเสริฐชัย
Quality Assessment of Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete with CFRP by Using Ground-Penetration Radar
This article presents a method for assessing the quality of the reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures with carbon fiber sheets using radar wave inspection. This research aimed to discuss the nature of the debonding between the reinforcement material and the structural concrete surface. Simulate the debonding characteristics of the reinforcement work with 3 different sizes of 4 mm thin foam pads to simulate the damage characteristics of different reinforcement systems. with sizes of 100x100, 40x40, and 20x20 mm. It was installed on a column with a cross-section of 200x200 mm., and a height of 1.0 m. The column was reinforced with a surface-mounted carbon fiber sheet, and the test was carried out using the Hilti-PS 1000 X-Scanner radar probe. with a transmission center frequency of 2.0 GHz. Subsequently, the radar signal data was processed from the test results. The dielectric constant is the electromagnetic property of the appropriate object. The study found limitations in the use of radar waves in foam sheet detection due to the small difference in dielectric constant between the medium and the foam sheet. This affects the consideration of the characteristics of the foam sheet that simulates the debonding of repair work within the scan results. Coupled with the conductivity of the carbon fiber sheet, the radar wave is absorbed and cannot pass through the carbon fiber sheet. As a result, the position and magnitude of the debonding in the carbon fiber reinforcement system with radar waves cannot be assessed as a result.
พัฒน์ศวุฒิ มะลิทอง
Structural Model for beam-upright connection in high-rise cold-formed steel storage rack structures
Ultra-high steel storage racks are becoming more common to accommodate Automatic Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS). This type of structure employs partially restrained connections at the beam-to-column joints. Accurate structural analysis of this type of structure requires a realistic structural model for the beam-to-column joint. This research presents beam-to-column joints model for the design of high-rise cold-formed steel storage racks. This study consisted of analyzing beam-to-column joint tests from past studies and developing a moment-rotation joint model based on an appropriate mathematical function and statistical analysis. When used in a structural analysis simulation, it was found that the moment-rotation response from model could predict the beam-column joint behavior with acceptable accuracy. Therefore, it can be concluded that proposed model could be used in the design process and performance evaluation of the steel storage racks
ณัฐพล บุญสุริยพันธ์
Damage index of steel storage rack connections under cyclic loading
Ultra-high steel storage racks are becoming more common to accommodate Automatic Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS). Accurate analysis and evaluation of these storage racks are important issues especially for seismically active areas. This articlepresents the estimation of the damage index at beam-column connections in steel storage racks caused by earthquakes or other lateral forces. The damage index can be used as to assess the state of damage and serviceability of the steel racks after an earthquake. In this study, 16 beam-column connection test samples from past studies under monotonic and cyclic loading were collected. The test results were used to determine the deformation and energy dissipation at the connection to define the damage parameter in the Park-Ang damage index equation. The results showed that the deformation and energy dissipation capabilities at the connection were mainly influenced by the beam depth and the column thickness and the appropriate variable is 0.22. The result and equation developed in this study can be used to evaluate damage caused by earthquake forces for the steel storage racks.
วงศา วรารักษ์สัจจะ
สุทัศน์ ลีลาทวีวัฒน
ชัยณรงค์ อธิสกุล
Compression resistance of bamboo culms for structural grading of Dendrocalamus sericeus Munro
Bamboo is a natural material with the potential for sustainable construction. However, uncertainty in the bearing capacity of the bamboo results in nonstandard values for structural engineering design. This study develops the structural grading of Dendrocalamus sericeus Munro, subjected to axial compression to determine the correlated non-destructive indicating properties,i.e., outer diameter, culm wall thickness, eccentricity, density, and linear mass. From the statistical test values, density and linear mass are the best indicating properties for compression stress and ultimate load with the correlation coefficient (r) of 0.54 – 0.62 and 0.88 – 0.89. From the study results, the compressive strength of the bamboo can be predicted for structural design when the density and the linear mass are known.
A Comparison of Overall Wind Load of Tall Buildings by High Frequency Force Balance and Pressure Integration Method
This research is to study the overall wind load acting on tall buildings by the high frequency force balance (HFFB) and high frequency pressure integration (HFPI) . This study present the results of analysis and comparison in terms of non-dimensional aerodynamic coefficients, base overturning moments and Equivalent Static Wind Load (ESWL). The findings from the base moment analysis were compared with the generalized wind force analysis. The results by the base moment analysis demonstrate good agreement between the HFFB and HFPI. The HFFB by the base moment analysis produced lower results than that of the generalized wind force analysis. On the other hand, the results from the HFPI by the base moment analysis and generalized wind force analysis are identical.
Mechanical Microstructure of Concrete Containing Nano silica and Natural fibers to Improve the properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete
This research focuses on mechanical properties development and microstructure of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) using nano silica and natural fibers. Sisal fibers and palm oil fibers used to replace fine aggregate; Recycled Concrete Aggregate used to replace Natural Concrete Aggregate (NCA) and nano silica used to replace Portland cement type 1 (OPC). The water to binder (W/B) ratios were 0.60 by weight. The concrete containing nano silica and Natural aggregate had the highest compressive strength of 201.80 ksc at 7 days and 308.25 ksc at 28 days, according to the compressive strength and flexural strength tests at 7 days and 28 days. The flexural strength of concrete containing recycled aggregate and palm oil fibers had maximum value of 45.90 ksc after 28 days. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) investigation of the microstructure of recycled aggregate concrete revealed that concrete containing natural fibers is less homogenous. When a gap appears, which corresponds to the compressive test results.
วิชญ​พงศ์​ ทั่วด้าว
ศตวรรษ หฤหรรษพงศ์
Thermal crack reduction of large mat foundation using inserted precast lightweight
A large mat foundation has become more popular among tall building construction. During construction, its thermal crack problem, due to temperature difference between concrete surface and concrete core generated from hydration reaction, is concerned. Consequently, the induced concrete stresses may higher than tensile strength in early age concrete which has not been fully strength developed. This thermal crack problem negatively affects the durability of a large mat foundation. This research aims to study and present an alternative solution by inserting concrete core with precast lightweight concrete which can reduce the heat from hydration reaction and absorb the heat at concrete core. This study uses 3D finite element model to predict temperature and stress inside 2 large mat foundations. Actual temperatures of the large mat foundations were also measured, and the results were used to improve the accuracy of the models. Then, the models with precast lightweight concretes partially replaced into mat foundations in small stress region is studied. The thermal stress analysis of the mat foundations with and without precast lightweight concretes is compared in order to demonstrate the efficiency in reducing the risk of thermal crack in large mat foundations.
Application of Wall Dampers for Tall Buildings in Thailand
The design of tall buildings with high slenderness often encountered with problems in control of lateral movement within limits due to its flexibility. Normally, roof displacement must not exceed 1/500 of the building's height according to DPT 1311-50 in case of wind load and story drift must not exceed 0.015 according to DPT 1301/1302-61 in case of earthquake load to guarantee the building stability and avoid cracking under service load. Wall dampers have been installed in many countries to resist the wind and earthquake load. A wall damper is a set of steel vane dip in viscous liquid. When the building moves sideways, the damping force is generated from the shear action between the vane and liquid. It is found to be effective in addition it is convenient to install and does not affect the aesthetics of the building. This research has studied the feasibility and efficiency of wall damper application for tall buildings in Thailand. Nonlinear time history analysis has been used to compare the efficiency and cost effectiveness of reducing lateral movement of the building between the installation of wall dampers and the size enlargement of columns and shear walls. The results from preliminary study reveal that the installation of the wall damper is another effective alternative to add energy dissipation properties to the structure and control the movement of the building.
ภัทรพงศ์ พงษ์ภัทรา
An Approximate Method for Modal Analysis of Dynamic Structures
This research is to study an approximate modal analysis of multistory building. The higher mode effects will be considered, depend on a lateral load pattern and frequency domain of loading. An analysis of dynamic responses of tall building used much time, much memory consumption of computer and increased accuracy no much. The method of modal analysis of dynamic structure is based on the concept that the total response may be obtained from the contributions of equivalent single-degree-offreedom modal systems, in combination with the technique of modal superposition. An approximate modal analysis method is a sum response of the first three translation modes of each building. This study is to investigate the performance of the method. An example of this study is five story building modeled by five degree of freedom load by periodic force vary in frequency domain and a lateral load pattern. Numerical method used Newmark method. The results of the proposed method are more accuracy than the other approximate methods.
ทฤษฎี สิงห์ศิลารักษ์
Seismic Analysis of Infilled Frame Strengthened with Ferrocement and Expanded Metal
This paper presents the seismic analysis of reinforced concrete infilled frame structure strengthened with ferrocement and expanded metal. The prototype structure is a typical three-story commercial building located in the northern part of Thailand. The infilled frame consists of partial infill panels due to the opening of the entrance door and the large window. The analytical models of the strengthened bare frame and the strengthened infilled frame using ferrocement reinforced with expanded metal were proposed for the design of the retrofit frame. The strengthened frame and the existing frame were analysed by nonlinear static analysis (pushover analysis). It was found that the peak strength of the strengthened frame resulting from the analysis was about 14% greater than the design value. The strength of infill panel as well as the column was significantly enhanced due to the effect of strengthened ferrocement. As a result, the seismic damage of the strengthened frame in terms of the damage index observed at the plastic hinge region was reduced to an acceptable limit.
ศาสตราจารย์ ดร.ไพบูลย์ ปัญญาคะโป
Strengthening performance of column-beam joint made of recycled aggregate concrete using prestressed metal strapping
The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of post-tensioned metal strapping (PTMS) on the seismic performance of beam-column joints of low compressive strength reinforced concrete with recycled aggregate concrete. The scope of this study was (1) to determine beam-to-column reinforcement (PTMS) with insufficient reinforcement profiles, and (2) to construct a nonlinear finite element model to determine efficiency of column reinforcement under cyclic loads in the early stages to start the first crack. Test specimens with insufficient reinforcement profile according to ACI 318-05 are subjected to seismic loads cyclic in the second example. The specimens were strengthened using a tensioned metal strapping (PTMS) at the beam and column connection zones. PTMS technology has been proven to be particularly effective in concrete reinforcement, it is affordable and practical. and easy to use. The maximum and minimum load applied to the unreinforced specimen are +2.16 and -1.91 tons respectively, and the maximum and minimum rebar loads are +3.10 and -2.72 tons, respectively, with a pitch of 3.70 mm and a 3.70 mm wide, about 1.0–2.0 mm in diameter, the type of crack is unusual. and the width of the crack is comparable.
A STUDY OF IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUE BY USING AN UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE FOR WEARING SURFACE ASSESSMENT
Bridges are one of significant infrastructures in transportation network. Its structural integrity must be regularly inspected and monitored. Visual inspection plays an important role in providing safe bridges as they continue to age and deteriorate. An accurate and thorough assessment of bridge’s condition is crucial. To assess the inspection field and gather information information of the bridge structural physical condition, some of traffic lanes must be temporary closed for safety of inspectors during inspection which require a length of time that may affect traffic congestion conditions. This study presents a technique for inspecting the wearing surface damage of reinforced concrete bridges by using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV, Drone) to capture damaged photos. Image processing techniques are introduced to analyze the damaged areas. The damaged area detection and quantifying area of the damage techniques are presented.
Effect of Ground Motion Duration on the Seismic Response of Low- and Mid- Rise RC Buildings in Bangkok
This paper examines the effect of seismic ground motion duration on design and risk of reinforced concrete buildings collapsing in Bangkok, Thailand. Reinforced concrete building models of 2 different heights, six-story and ten-story buildings are examined, which will simulate the natural period of buildings of 0.5 - 1.0 s. A nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis model was used to determine both the design level and the collapse levels. At the design level of shaking, it was discovered that the maximum interstory drifts, shear force, and overturning moments increased with increasing as ground motion duration. However, the increase of interstory drifts, shear force, and overturning moments does not exceed the seismic design standard for building (DPT.1301/1302). When records were scaled until the building collapse, it was discovered that scaling long duration records had a greater effect on building shaking than short duration records. Additionally, long duration records increase the probability of the building collapsing and has a lower collapse margin ratios than short duration records compared to the design spectrum. Additionally, it was discovered that long duration records have a larger impact when the building's height or natural period increases.
Behavior of Existing High-Rise Building with Soft-Story under Bangkok Earthquakes
Technological developments and space constraints have made high-rise buildings popular in Bangkok. Number of conditions resulted in many high-rise buildings being designed and constructed with soft-story. The soft-story makes buildings weak to earthquakes. Earthquake-resistant design standard of the Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning (DPT) was announced in 2007 and last updated in 2018 (DPT 1301/1302-61). In this standard, the condition for determining the uniformity of the vertical stiffness of the building, which is used as a criterion to judge whether a building has a soft-story or not, was established. The standard also stipulates that the response analysis of soft-story buildings under earthquakes requires only time-historical analysis methods. This study focuses on behavior of the existing high-rise building with soft-story in Bangkok, that was designed and constructed before the law required to take into account the effects of earthquakes, under earthquake. The case study in this paper is an existing high-rise reinforced concrete building with soft-story in Bangkok. There are a total of 34 floors and a total height of 129.60 meters. Considering the standard criteria, the 7th floor structure is considered as a soft-story. Details of time-history responses of the building under the earthquake ground motions for Bangkok area will be presented and discussed in this paper.
Large Deflection of Beam with Free Horizontally Sliding Support using Shooting Method
This research presents a large deflection analysis of beams with free horizontally sliding support which is subjected to a uniformly distributed load and horizontal compression at the beam tip. The governing equations of the beam are derived by considering the differential geometry relations of the beam segment in a plane curve and the equilibrium of force and moment. The set of governing equations yields the nonlinear first-order differential equations which are categorized as two-point boundary value problem. The numerical solution can be solved by using the shooting method, which is verified by the results obtained from the finite element method. This numerical investigation attempts to study the effects of the uniformly distributed load and the horizontal compression force at the support on the large deflection and buckling behaviors of the beam. The numerical results showed that the uniformly distributed load and compression cause the support movement and induce an instability of the beam.
The Performance of Voided Slab System in Two-way RC Slab Structure
Weight reduction of RC slabs is the key factor affected the cost optimization of project. Several technologies have been developed for Decades to deal with this achievement. Voided RC slab system is one of those solutions by replacing the plastic voided shape instead of concrete. The structural dead load can be reduced, while the sufficient capacity can be remained. Void slab system is typically used with the flat slab system aboard, but rarely utilized in the system of Two-way RC slab supported with beams. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the performance of Voided slabs compared to Normal RC slabs under Two-way slab analysis supported with beams in structural building. There are two parts in this study. First, the various slab sizes of Voided and Normal RC slabs (from 4 to 10 m) were compared in thickness, dead load, and the reduction percentage of their selfweight. The results show that the benefit of utilized Voided slab was observed from slab size of 7.5 m onwards. Consequently, the efficiency of Voided slab system was extended into the practical design of the 3rd floor building with dimension of 6x8 m compared to conventional Two-way RC slab design. The investigation found that to use Void slab system in this design system was not significantly shown in slab thickness and other corresponding structural elements. However, the structural dead load was reduced and affected the lower distributed load on the foundation up to 6 percent compared to Normal RC slab building.
เจตนิพัทธ์ พรชยานนท์
นักษา กาญจนคีรีรัตน์
เอื้ออังกูร พุทธัง
ธัชวีร์ ลีละวัฒน์
WIND LOAD AND RESPONSE ANALYSIS FOR HIGH – RISE BUILDINGS BY COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
Wind force is one of the lateral forces that plays an important role in structural design and analysis. There are many ways to calculate the wind loads. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was applied to this research in order to analyze the wind force action on high buildings and the building response at the different rate of wind speed using ANSYS program. There are two method applied to turbulence equations used to simulate the test, namely, (1) SST-k- model (Shear stress transport) , (Reynold averaged navier stokes , RANS) and (2) Large-eddy simulation (LES), in order to compare the result of the force action on the building, and response buildings both along wind and across wind. Based on the study, it was found that the Large-eddy simulation (LES) yields a little better outcome comparing to SST-k-- model. Anyhow, SST-k- model took much shorter time than other method.
ผศ.ดร.ฉัตรพันธ์ จินตนาภักดี
Learning Innovation for Promoting the Life Long Learning of Students at the Faculty of Engineering of RUTS
This research aims to study the use of learning innovation management that promotes lifelong learningof students at the Faculty of Engineering of RUTS. The lecturers who teach second-year students for the academic year 2021 were the sample of 40 people. The questionnaire was used as the research tool. The collected data were analyzed in frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The results found that, learning innovation management in terms of format/ technique/ teaching method that were implemented with a high level was cooperative learning. Moderate levels were graphic organizer and ask and question model whereas low levels were committee work method, discussion group, project- based, and laboratory methods. The invention innovation that is used at a high level is learning documentation. The moderate level was skill exercises/training sets and the low levels were textbooks and multimedia. The in-cooperation of lifelong learning with learning innovation consists of thinking skills, learning skills, and skills in information and communication technology were found with the mean values of 3.9, 3.7, and 3.7, and the standard deviation values of 0.69, 0.77, and 0.75, respectively.
จุฑามาศ ลักษณะกิจ
วิศิษฎ์ศักดิ์ ทับยัง
Machine Learning Technique for Clustering the Tourism Activities in Rural Area – A Case Study of Baan Patan, Chiang Rai
This article focuses on using the association rules technique, which is one of the machine learning techniques. The knowledge gained from this study can be used to build a relationship of tourism activities in order to be a model of tourism activities in Baan Pa Tan Subdistrict Community, as it is during the Covid-19 pandemic. It comes from interviews with people in the community who would like to suggest what activities tourists can do in their own community. The association rule analysis tool is RapidMiner. The results of the study show that the most highly recommended community activity is pay homage and cycling. Other recommended activities include rafting, rice planting, stone spa. The results of the study can be used to create awareness among people in the community to plan and prepare to accommodate tourists during the post-COVID-19 pandemic. The activities can be divided into three groups according to the interests of tourists; 1) the cattle lifestyle activity group, 2) the health therapy activity group, and 3) the pay homage activity group
กฤช สิทธิวางค์กูล
Motivation and Expectation of Second-Degree Civil Engineering Students
This article focuses on motivation and expectation of second-degree civil engineering students and aim for education and curriculum improvement. The researcher surveyed 100 second-degree civil engineering students using questionnaire and convenience sampling. Data analysis tools are frequency, percentage, mean, and ranking. The result shows motivation level of the students is at high level. The important students’ motivation factor is to use degree for increase their business opportunities from other engineering fields. The important learning expectation is to learn some contents that could be used in practical work.
Guidelines and Opinion Survey of the Design, Production and Installation of Exterior Architectural Panels Made of Precast Concrete
This research provided the inspection guidelines as specified by the PCI Handbook, conducted the opinion surveys from people involved in the process of design, production and installation of exterior architectural panels made of precast concrete, and gave useful feedback on the construction of exterior architectural panels. This research developed 3 sets of questionnaires to collect the data about the work of exterior architectural panels directly from involved people including designers, manufacturers and installers. Each set of questionnaires consisted of two parts: Part 1 was the basic information of the respondents, and Part 2 was about design considerations (Set 1), manufacturing (Set 2), and installation (Set 3) of exterior architectural panels. According to the survey results for the opinion of exterior architectural panels as specified by the PCI manual, designers had a high significant level of consideration (???? = 4.08, SD = 0.69), manufacturers had the highest level of consideration (???? = 4.36, SD = 0.47) and the installers had the highest level of consideration (???? = 4.25, SD = 0.57) . Additionally, this research also provided feedback for designers, manufacturers and installers who have largely ignored in design, production and installation by considering the lowest score in the last 4-5 places of survey results. Involved people should be more consideration on the design, manufacturing and installation process to obtain the quality exterior architectural panels.
พรพิมลย์ นาคอ่อน
Influence of the Dimensions and Slenderness of Buildings on the Internal Forces of Reinforced Concrete Building Structures under Wind Loads
This research investigated the influence of building dimensions and slenderness on the lateral force from wind loads including the bending moment, shear force and deflection of the building structures. In this study, the building structure was a dual system of frame and shear wall whereby the structural plan was set to be symmetry on both main axes. The investigated buildings had length-to-width ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3, and their heights were 15, 27, 39, and 54 m, respectively. The results of the study showed that wind pressure acting on the building structures would vary with the increasing height of the building and the terrain where the building was located. For suburban terrain, the wind pressure obtained from DPT1311-50 at height of 15 m was higher than those obtained from Ministerial Regulation No.6 (B.E. 2527) and Draft of Ministerial Regulation No.6 (B.E. 2565). But when the height of the building increased to 27-54 m, the wind pressure from DPT1311-50 at height of 15 m was much less than those given by the two ministerial regulations. If the internal forces were investigated at the structure base, of the buildings with a height of 15 m, the bending moment at the base of load-bearing wall obtained from DPT1311-50 was slightly greater than 1.045 and 1.12 times, respectively compared to those obtained from Ministerial Regulation No.6 (B.E. 2527) and Draft of Ministerial Regulation No.6 (B.E. 2565). However, when the building was taller, the bending moment at the base of wall obtained from DPT1311-50 was smaller when compared to those obtained from other both Ministerial Regulation. Moreover, when comparing buildings with different slenderness (H/W), it was found that buildings with higher H/W would lead to the higher flexural moment and shear at the base of the load-bearing wall as expected, whereby the proportion of an increase in internal forces of the load-bearing wall was nearly the same for each standard and specification.
ภาคภูมิ เล็กสมบูรณ์ไชย
Developing a Project Template for Autodesk Revit Based BIM
Autodesk Revit Program is the software to computer-aid design for architectural design and construction. It is used concept for Building Information Modeling (BIM). In order to allow architecture, engineering and construction professionals visualize what is to be built in a simulated environment in order to identify any potential design, construction, or operational issues and reduce the duplication of the fabrication or shop drawings. Since some parts of the standardized BIM data is not available. Therefore, this research for the management of prototypes of the Autodesk Revit Program in the category of columns and beams that needed to be developed and improved all the time. Finally, the survey findings indicate that users want a BIM application that supports multiple planning and material takeoff schedule.
ฐิติวัฒน์ ตรีวงศ์
Simulation of building construction planning by using Building Information Modeling
Nowadays, Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology is increasingly playing a role in the construction industry. Therefore, in order to know the potential, guidelines of application and limitations of BIM in construction project management from the actual case study. The objective of this research is to study the BIM application for construction project planning by creating a simulation of construction planning from a case study of building construction project (5 floors, total usable area of 2,377 square meters). In this study, the researcher used BIM since the 3D building model process to the material quantity process, and the construction cost estimation in order to create a simulation of construction planning for controlling and monitoring the construction project performance. The results of the study, the information of project cost estimation can be used to create a construction planning simulation. All parties involved in project management have access information in order to control and monitor the performance together effectively. The benefits of BIM, the conflicts in 2D construction drawing can be checked from 3D model. The same workpiece can be edited automatically. The amount of construction work can be quantified by the same standardized method. Moreover, It can checks the correctness of the construction planning. The limitation of accuracy depends mainly on the experience and the thoroughness of the user and the limitation of computer capacity.
BIM-Based and Augmented Reality Combined with a Real-Time Fire Evacuation System in the Construction Project
Typically, the fire evacuation plan used in construction projects is represented in two-dimensional (2-D) drawings that cannot identify the current worker’s location and cannot display the evacuation route in real-time. Thus, when fires occur, the damages can be found in the construction project's fire and the number of dead or injured workers involved in the cases. Nowadays, the technologies of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Augmented Reality (AR) are used in construction projects to create construction drawings and display the physical characteristics of construction projects in a three-dimensional (3-D) visualization. This study aims to propose and demonstrate the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies to develop a prototype of a BIM-based and Augmented Reality (AR) in combination with a real-time fire evacuation system to process and display accurate information to workers. This study was conducted to test the accuracy of information obtained from a prototype system at the Department of Civil Engineering building, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University. The distance of the building was measured from a prototype system. Then, the data was analyzed for error compared to the MATALL MT-LM100 laser distance meter. The results showed that the data from the prototype system error was less than 6%. This study proved that a BIM-based and Augmented Reality (AR) prototype combined with a real-time fire evacuation system could accurately evaluate and display fire evacuation information to workers.
THE APPLICATION OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING IN STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BUILDINGS IN EACH REGION OF THAILAND
The purpose of this project is to study the use of Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional in civil engineering to simulate models of a prototype school building according to OBEC standard by choosing a building in 3 sizes consisting of A = 350 m2, B = 650 m2 and C = 1350 m2 for the wind and seismic testing of the structure to compare changes in reinforced concrete structures of buildings in each region of Thailand. The structural analysis of each region has been taken to estimate the price of construction work to compare with the median price of reinforced steel workload and its cost. The whole buildings have been analyzed,however the pile and foundation parts are excluded. The results showed that seismic forces had the greatest impact on lateral displacement of buildings located in the North region, while the wind had the greatest impact to buildings in the South. The portion of reinforced steel in the structure varies according to the intensity of wind and seismic forces. The North region had the greatest volume compared to others. The cost of reinforced concrete steel used in building A and B decreased significantly, however, that of building C is notably increase
เจษฎาพร ศรีภักดี
จักรกฤษ ปงกันมูล
พิทักษ์พงศ์ หมอช้าง
มานพ แก้วโมราเจริญ
Application of Building Information Modeling for Reducing Energy Consumption by Building Envelope Improvement, Case study: Residential buildings
This paper aimed to study the application of building information modeling to reduce the energy consumption of buildings in air conditioning systems by analyzing suitable building envelope improvement approaches. The case study is a residential building from the government's standard design. Using the Autodesk Revit program, research the appropriate scenario to improve building envelope materials for reducing energy consumption and cost-effective investment by considering the reduced cooling load in the air conditioning system and additional investment in each alternative approach. The results found that four alternatives could reduce electricity consumption by more than 40 % and invest less than 100,000 baht. Changing the glass type to reflective glass and installing 3 inches of fiberglass insulation in the west wall and installing 6 inches of fiberglass insulation on all top floor ceiling areas is the best building envelope improvement scenario, able to reduce annual energy consumption by 44% with an approximate investment cost 47,000 baht and 0.78 years payback period
Application of Virtual Model Utilization for Reducing of Change Order in Construction
The objective of this research is to propose an application of Virtual Environment (VE) technology in the construction focused for change orders in the construction project. The possibility of Virtual Environment technology to apply for reducing the problems of change order in the construction project was studied. The assumption of this research is the feeling of users measured by using VE applications and the real situations are not different. The assumption was tested by the respondents’ feeling using the questionnaire that compared between the feeling measured by VE applications and the real situations. The two cases studies in the real construction project were used for the experiment. The 20 respondents were selected to visit the construction site and compared the feeling between using VE application and the real situations. The statistical analysis was applied to analyze the data from the questionnaires. The results of the research show that the feeling of the respondents who applied the VE applications and the real situations in the construction project for both case studies are not significant difference. Therefore, it can be concluded that the VE technology is possibly applied in order to reduce the problems of change orders in the construction project.
วุฒิภัทร วัชรพันธ์
Developing a Dynamic Digital Twin at a Building Level from Building Information Modeling for Physical Resource Management
Digital Twin or Building Information Modeling is a term often used in the construction industry. The goal is to achieve real-world integration with a virtual platform, facility management, and environmental monitoring. To achieve these, the research has developed a dynamic Digital Twin at the building level with cloud computing, and the transmission of data through a wireless network as well as real-time analysis of the results. Therefore, in order to develop the Digital Twin at the building level from the Building Information Modeling for the management of physical resources, the first step was to conduct a group discussion with stakeholders on the need for building resource management, and then develop a Digital Twin platform from the information model, study the standards for improving the health and well-being of building occupants (WELL Building Standard), select the standards to use with buildings, and develop a framework for applying Building Information Modeling with data on standards for improving the well-being of building occupants and Digital Twins, and analyze the results and draw conclusions. The results of this research demonstrate the potential of Building Information Modelingapplied in Digital Twin platforms with the data on standards for improving the well-being of building occupants, an analysis of building occupants' comfort, the scores of which are based on the accreditation of standards for improving occupants' well-being in different case study areas. Collecting information on the environment from sensors will enhance the usability and accessibility of the studied building and improve buildings to meet the standards of the building occupants’ well-being.
ทิพยภาวรรณ ตันอ้วน
ภาสกร แช่มประเสริฐ
เกรียงไกร อรุโณทยานันท์
Comparison of Utility System Quantity Take-off for Residential Building using Building Information Modeling
In order to calculate the amounts of materials for electrical and sanitary systems by using 2D construction drawings, it is complex due to the drawings only show the top view of pipe layout. In actual execution, installed pipes can be horizontal, inclined and vertical. These ambiguous layouts may result in mistakes and errors for quantity take-off. This study proposes the procedure to estimate the material quantity of utility system in residential building using building information modeling (BIM) which actual pipe layouts at the construction site were observed and interviewed from the site engineer, then the quantity takeoff results between BIM and traditional estimation from contractor’s bill of quantities (BOQ) are compared. The selected case studies are 2 types of two-storey houses on 240 and 280 sq.m. The study result indicates material quantities calculated from BIM are less than the traditional method. Three causes of deviation consist of 1) the actual pipe layouts were changed when installing at the real environment 2) the contractor’s estimation method is not clearly specified and 3) there are some redundant or substitute quantities which are added in traditional method. Thus, BIM can obviously assist the process of utility pipe layouts determination and accurately enhance the quantity take-off process
ผศ.ดร.เพชร์รัตน์ ลิ้มสุปรียารัตน์
Development of Earned Value Analysis on BIM-based Model Project Dashboard
With today's complex construction, large scale constructions, engineers and teams are often rushed to build faster, deliver better quality projects. Most construction projects face more challenges and require more efficient methods and tools to assess project status, measure project progress, cost and time efficiency of construction projects. However, because of the complex mathematic formulas, the difficulty of collecting data, most often it uses the experience of project managers in managing such problems. To solve these problems, the research team presents Building Information Modeling (BIM) as a new technology and the future of the Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. This combined with Earned Value Analysis (EVA) to measure the progress, cost and time efficiency of construction projects. In this article, demonstrate how to develop an EVA-BIM Project Dashboard (Earned Value Analysis on BIM-based Model Project Dashboard) tool, showing the results of Earned Value Analysis based on BIM model data. Describes how to use Dynamo Visual Programming to extract data from BIM models developed from Autodesk Revit software. To create and display a project dashboard with Microsoft Power BI software. To evaluate the validity of proposed tool, the compare of EVA from the EVA-BIM Project Dashboard withthe conventional method are performed with 3-storey dormitory construction project, the results reveal no difference comparing with conventional method and EVA-BIM Project Dashboard can be displayed accurately on multiple devices.
ทวีโชค เตชะธรรมวงศ์
ภุชชงค์ มณีขัติย์
An Application of Building Information Modelling for Brick Walls Quantity Take-off
Brick walls are a common material in construction. When estimating, a ratio of area is a common method employed to estimate the brick quantity from wall areas, which can lead to errors because brick walls in each project have different sizes and numbers of openings. As a result, those pieces may fail to meet the position and distance requirements. It also generates construction waste by discarding the residual cutting components, which can be reused for other parts. This can have an impact on construction quality in terms of time and money. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide guidelines for utilizing building information modeling (BIM) with parametric design. The Dynamo is used in conjunction with Autodesk Revit to create a set of computation instructions for wall assembly position, length, and amount. The system's results revealed that it took less time to calculate. And because it may be presented in 3D, it enhances the visibility of the wall assembly's position and length details. The quantity and length of each item can be estimated to provide a brick cutting list for use in further construction planning.
เมธาสิทธิ์ จันทร์พิทักษ์
Visual Programming for Building Information Modeling and Virtual Reality for Clash Detection
This article presented a process combination of building information modeling, visual programming, and virtual reality presentation with three-dimensional camera device. This was to reduce time consuming problem due to many clash points and help user to access clash detection points quickly for corrective decisions. The researchers created a 2-strories building model as case study and draw the combination working process. The process was evaluated by building information experts and revealed that this conceptual process could reduce working time for model clash detection with many clash points.
รัฐวุฒิ รู้แทนคุณ
ฮาริส ได้เจริญสุข
พีรพัทธ์ เกียรติชวกุล
ภัทรพล ธนาภัทรหิรัญ
Application of analytical hierarchy process and the traffic micro-simulation model on highway interchange selection: Case study of highway no.12 and rural road no. morhor 4040
Department of Rural Roads has been constructing rural road no. morhor 4040 that can support the expansion of the city of Mukdahan. However, from the results of the analysis of traffic volumes and future service levels of the project road junctions, Intersection with Highway no.12 reflects the potential for future traffic congestion after opening. This study applied the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) together with the traffic micro-simulation model to evaluate the multiplier and score of the factors used in the interchange selection. The result presents the traffic micro-simulation evaluation result that were used attribute to determine multiplier of all factor which determine appropriable interchange. Alternative 3 is the best alternative that construction overpass along Highway no.12 with roundabout (Score = 99.91%). This approach is an alternative option for the interchange selection for agencies whose primary mission of road study and design in the future.
Public Automatic Locker: Characteristics of Services and Clients
At present, there is increasingly technology and innovation to facilitate traveling in the city. In this paper, it reports the study of public automatic locker services in the city which is provided by a private company. It is the self-service at the pre-set charging price. This study is aimed to learn about characteristics of service and clients. Four case studies at the department store and subway stations were chosen. The data were collected by observing and recording its physical service characteristics, characteristics of clients, size of chosen locker, deposit time, pick-up time and expenses. The results showed that the company provides four different locker sizes. i.e., small, medium, large and super large. Clients usually come in group. Male and female clients are almost equal. There are more of international clients than Thais. Traveling bags are deposited most frequently. The duration is between 2 – 5 hours. The average expense is 100 baht. It was also observed that clients come back to pick up with more stuffs. They may deposit in order to buy more. The rate of use is quite high above 80% at some locations. This means that the public automatic locker is useful and able to accommodate the clients’ need very well while traveling in the city, especially at best locations such as department store and subway stations.
Comparative Study of Express Pickup and Delivery Next Day Services
Express pickup and delivery service business in Thailand has been growing very fast. Presently, there are a lot of private companies offering such services. This article reports comparative study results between the two major service providers; namely, Kerry Express and SCG Express. Real purchase of express pickup and delivery services were employed by requesting to pick up the same parcels from the same origins and delivers to the same destination within Bangkok, Nakornpathom and Ayutthaya provinces during November 2019. The analysis results show similarity in services in terms of access channels to services, service cost, care-taking of parcel and service level agreement to deliver the parcel next day. However, there are significant differences that impact customer’s satisfaction and impression such as membership requirement, waiting time for pickup and delivery services and distribution of parcels. More importantly, this study reflects the weakness of service from customer’s perspective which should be improved including lack or miss-communication, incorrect time stamp and inability to narrow down the pickup and delivery time periods.
Guidelines for the development of bicycle systems along the canal. Case study : Thanon canal continued from Bang Bua canal.
The purpose of research were 1) to study the factors affecting the bicycle lane type suitable for development in the canal side area: case study the Thanon canal continuous Bang Bua canal and 2) to propose the bicycle lane type suitable for development in the canal side area: case study the Thanon canal continuous Bang Bua canal. The data for this study area were collected including the factors affecting the form of bicycle lane and the development the canal side area. The weight value of each factor was determined by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results showed that the environmental and social impact factors were the most important factor about 39%, followed by the highway engineering factor were the most important factor about 34%, and investment and construction factor were the least significant weight about 24%. The most suitable bicycle lane in order: The first is new construction received the highest score equal to 82.12 points (Type3), improving the area received score equal to 76.63 points (Type2) and not improving the area received score equal to 53.36 points (Type1). The result of this research was a study in a specific area. Therefore, bicycle lane type suitable will be different in another area. The results of this study can be used as a preliminary guideline for the development of the canal side area.
จักรพงษ์ ไตรศิลป์วิศรุต
สุพรชัย อุทัยนฤมล
A study of Conflict Analysis at U-turn with and without auxiliary lanes : A case study of median width not more than 3 meters.
The purposes of this research were to compare conflict of U-turn traffic at U–Turn locations with and without auxiliary lanes. In this study, the width of the road median is not more than 3 meters. This research collected the traffic data on route No.1 (Phahonyothin), under the supervision of the Office Of Highway 11 (Lopburi). Two U-turns were selected in this study. The U-turn located at Sao-Thong market and the second branch of Big C Lopburi. The data on traffic condition and problems at both U-turns were collected for two days of workdays between 06.30-08.00 AM. and 3.00-4.30 PM. They were used to develop the traffic micro-simulation models using the VISSIM software. This research developed nine traffic micro-simulation models and the traffic conflicts were analyzed by using the SSAM program. The important variables were level of service, queue length, traffic volume, average delay and time-to-collision. This study found that adding auxiliary lanes to the U-turn resulted in decreasing of U-turn accidents, rear-end accidents, and average delay, which might improve the level of service. In addition, the increased length of auxiliary lanes also resulted in decreasing of rear-end accidents.
กิตติชัย ธนทรัพย์สิน
A study traffic volume at a site during construction hours
This research aimed to study traffic volume at a site during construction hours, providing future reference for other construction sites in regards to traffic management. Data was collected and evaluated during the construction process at a construction site. The process consists of three main phases, excavation work, substructure and superstructure. Results showed that, during excavation work, 95% of incoming traffic were Ten-Wheeler trucks, while during substructure, this proportion had decreased to 70%. On the other hand, four-wheeled trucks were the majority of traffic during the superstructure phase at 65%. Further studies show, comparing traffic volume to construction space per day, each vehicle could hold up to 2900 cubic meters, 200 square meters and 1500 square meters respective to their phases.
The Relationship between Area of Arterial Roads and Related Factors in City Plan by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Road network plan is an important part in City plan. This research aims to develop guidelines in order to make road area in road network are agreeable with land use plan. In order to apply Artificial neural network in this study, 18 city plans were collected as samples. There are 10 variables in each city plan. Major road area in road network was selected as dependent variable and the less were selected as independent variables. There are only 2 independent variables were selected from Variable selection analysis as number of population and residential area. By using Split test, the accuracy analysis shows acceptable sample at only 25% and 67% for the first and second round respectively. Anyway, the overall accuracy analysis shows acceptable samples only 43%. Finally, Artificial neural network (ANN) may not appropriate with determining major road network area in city plan.
Analysis of Pedestrian Flow Characteristics in Tao Poon MRT Station Walkway from Closed-circuit Television (CCTV) Cameras
This research aims to find pedestrian characteristics and calibration macroscopic pedestrian traffic flow parameter. To provide basic information for design of walkway facilities in the railway station. Collecting data by recording video with CCTV and developing computer vision software to help extract data from video to calibrate the parameters using the basic variable correlation model, the flow theory of various pedestrian traffic flows. In case of study the relationship between the basic variables of the pedestrian traffic flow, the parameters were calibrated with the data in study area and found average walking speed at 1.50 m/s and Underwood's model has the best tendency and accuracy that are consistent with context of study area, the relationship between velocity and densityhas R2 = 0.944 and has the relationship equation as follow: Velocity and Density:v=1.9 e=- k/0.36 , Flow Rate and Velocity: q=1.9 ke=- k/0.36 , Rate and Density:. This research found level of service of walkway in this study hasA level follow by standard of HCM 2010
Performance Evaluation of U-Turn at Median Opening Case Study : Conventional Median Opening With Loon and Without Loon on 4 Lanes Roads.
The U-Turn at-grade was considered the problems to improve efficiency and safety. There were 3 reasons consist of (1) Turning Volume, (2) Storage length, and (3) Limited Sight Distance. According to the main problems, type of U-turn found the presence of a turn lane and the presence of loon on 4 lanes. The objective of this research was to analyze the efficiency of the U-Turn and present alternatives for management with traffic simulation models. These research studies found factors in median opening depend on 2 parts. (1) U-Turn geometry, such as storage length, median width and right of way. and (2) The volume opposing through and U-Turn relationship has a capacity of about 1,100-1,200 vehicles per hour. and will decrease as the volume of opposition increases. As for the effect of queue length varying with the capacity of U-Turn.
This research aims to study driver responses to radar speed signs (RSSs). It analyzes the behavior of drivers for their speed changes within a distance of 120 meters from the radar speed signs on Highway 32. The RSSs are installed in the outbound direction from Bangkok between Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province and Sing Buri province. Vehicle speed data was extracted using an image processing method from the videos, which were recorded by drone. Then a statistical method was applied to summarize the results for individual speed in the areas before and after passing the radar speed signs. The results reveal that the average speed of vehicles departing from the first sign of each pair increases by around 3.0 - 36.5 kilometers per hour and exceeds the statutory speed. After departing the second radar speed signs of each pair, the average speed drops by 1.1 - 2.7 kilometers per hour to below the speed limit. Results from this study suggest that the installation of radar speed signs in a pair affects different driver response behaviors, which show positive responses in the second signs of each pair. The study results could be beneficial in determining a more effective way to apply radar speed signs for other locations.
Evaluation of the Number of Conflict Points and Performance of Roundabout Case Study: Santitham Roundabout Chiang Mai Province
Roundabout intersections are used generally in Thailand and other countries. It helps decrease the conflict points when compared with other types of intersections and helps reduce the speed of vehicles entering the roundabout. The objective of this study is to evaluate the conflict points with a high risk in accidents, and the operational performance of the existing and the alternative designs. In this study, Santitham roundabout in Chiang Mai was used as the study case and simulated in a traffic microsimulation. Three different intersection alternatives include: 1) the exiting condition, 2) increasing the diameter of the center island, and 3) increasing the diameter of the center island and redesigning the entry lanes. Results from the evaluation revealed that the number of conflicts point in the case of expanding center island size and improving the entry lanes were fewer than the other cases and was able to improve the overall operational performance of the roundabout.
อัครพงษ์ เทพแก้ว
Study of Appropriate Luminance for Road Construction Sites Case Study: National Highway number 11, Doi Ti-Chiang Mai Junction
This study was to measure the luminance of road construction area that affect accidents. The location of the study was a National Highway number 11 construction project, Doi Ti-Chiang Mai Junction Line in the area of ​​responsibility of the Department of Highways. The objective is to find the appropriate luminance and Increase visibility for drivers of vehicles traveling through road construction areas. The result of the study showed the brightness was relationship inverse to the number of accidents. The lower lighted road causes high number of accidents than the higher lighted road. Accidents will be decrease at 6-lux up luminance which is the minimum lighted road value that will be used for considering the lighted road installation. It is also used in the development of standards for installing lighting devices in the area of ​​the road to help reduce accidents in road construction areas.
ทักษ์ดนัย ขัตติยะ
An Assessment of Automatic Lane Control System on Chalong - Rat Expressway ; Related to Perception and Following Traffic Engineering Principle
The Expressway Authority of Thailand (EXAT) has initiated an automatic lane control system on Chalong - Rat expressway to manage lane control and prevent illegal actions such as over speed limit violation, driving on shoulder lane, and solid lines violation. This system aims to reduce manpower on expressways, to maintain a traffic flow, to prevent traffic rules violation and to reduce incidents on expressways. The system has been working 24/7 by using microwave radar sensors together with CCTV cameras. The data from sensors and CCTV cameras will then be processed and presented through LED full color signboards in the forms of traffic signs, vehicle speed number, warning signs and messages notifying incidents occur red ahead. From the assessment of users’ behaviors on visual condition, driving perception, and conformation of traffic engineer principle, it is shown that the system can help increase efficiency in lane control management and improve average speed and flow. Also, the system can help reduce accident rates in case of the sudden lane changes and driving in the emergency lane (shoulder lane) and prevent traffic violations.
เกื้อกูล เอี่ยมชูแสง
A Study of Traffic Management at Different Intersections with Traffic Simulation
The traffic congestion is caused from the origin and attracts a large amount of local travel and is rapidly expanding. From the statistics on passenger car registration, Chiang Mai is the second-largest in the country after Bangkok. (Information dated 30 March 2022). Effective traffic management can reduce travel delays and environmental impact. Traffic jams often occur when vehicles stop or slow down. Past studies have focused on reducing accidents and pollution problems, including solving traffic problems such as creating new routes, increasing, and expanding traffic lanes. This study examined traffic management patterns at intersections. Then, to increase service efficiency and select an intersections pattern that corresponds to the amount of traffic that occurs. Then, collecting traffic data including speed, travel time, flow rate, and traffic volume. Physical characteristics data collected was used as a case study. The microscopic traffic simulation was applied to analyze and compare the study results. This study defines different intersections management of 5 patterns, intersections with traffic signal lights and without traffic signal lights, general roundabouts and roundabouts with left-turn lanes, and compulsion of movement. This study will maximize the benefit of intersections management and understand the behavior of vehicles driving to intersections and the impact of traffic on different intersections patterns. This study used a basis to design the intersections patterns for traffic volumes in the future.
An Economic Valuation Assessment in case of Changing the Toll Collection Structure from Flat-rate Toll Collection to Distance-Based Toll Collection
At present, the Expressway Authority of Thailand (EXAT) has collected the expressway in the form of an open system and closed system. In the open system, tolls are collected in a Flat-Rate, which is regardless of the distance traveled, the toll must be paid at a fixed rate. From the concept of analysis, when modifying the toll collection structure to be the Distance-Based toll collection model, it can create more benefits for the society as a whole. The toll users can pay the toll according to the actual cost. This article provides a cost-benefit analysis of Distance-Based tolling by using the traffic data on the expressway and the forecasting of the traffic volume obtained from the model analysis, and comparing the benefits and costs that will be incurred if toll collection structures are modified, such as the Value of Time Saving and Vehicle Operating Cost Saving, as well as assessing economic value indicators. As a result, the producer surplus has negative benefits but it can compensate by the larger proportion in benefits of consumer surplus. Therefore, it can be concluded that the welfare of society as a whole will increase in case of there is a distance-based toll collection project. Moreover, this economic valuation assessment still requires the sensitivity analysis of demand for the toll rate elasticity, the greater resilience of users to toll rate demand, the greater the benefit to society as a whole.
ศิวัช ปัญญาชัยวัฒนากูล
ROAD SAFETY ASSESSMENT USING iRAP STAR RATINGS: A CASE STUDY O MAE FAH LUANG UNIVERSITY
The accident is one of the reasons for teenagers’ death. The vulnerable group is the students both in school and university. In the latter one, most road users use their own motorcycles to travel. The accident statistics collected by the university in the last three years stated that 50% of the accident are self-made accidents which can be implied as the road is not safe enough. Hence,this problem needs to be solved urgently, and seriously since students need to use road segments within the campus every day.Thus, this study focuses on assessing road safety in the area inside the university according to International Road Assessment Program (iRAP Star Rating). The study collects data from an area in the university whether it is a main or minor road. The result of the study showed that some areas only got 1 or 2 stars which are lower than the acceptable value at3 (out of 5) stars. The contributing factors associated with the safety level are varied in each school. Therefore, this study suggests some improvements for local authorities to improve road quality and minimize the probability of future accidents inside the university area.
อนุพันธ์ จิตอารี
Automatic License Plate Recognition and Search Engine with AI Technology: A Case Study of Chalong Rat Expressway
The Expressway Authority of Thailand (EXAT) has developed the expressway toll collection system into a multilane free-flow (M Flow) toll collection system to enable expressway users to pass through the toll gates quickly without interruption, reducing congestion in front of the toll gates. One of the important factors for the development is identifying the vehicles by using artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the form of Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) for vehicle inspection and vehicle/user identification. And if it is necessary to follow up, make a claim, or collect the toll fees retroactively, the system can automatically issue a transaction report. This will help reduce the workload of EXAT staff. In addition, in the case of external agencies requesting related information to support their operations. EXAT has then developed the ALPR system on the Chalong Rat Expressway as a pilot route. This research compares accuracy between ALPR system and Ground truth. Accuracy rate of ALPR system (97.5%), Color identification (96%) and Vehicle brand (93%). The developed system also initiates a program for detecting and searching for license plates for the Chalong Rat Expressway through the form of a Web Application which is convenient to use without having to install a program.
Estimation of Critical Gap of U-turns at Uncontrolled Median Openings
Critical gap is an important traffic parameter which useful to estimate the capacity of U-turning vehicle at uncontrolled median openings. It is also considered as crucial factor in designing the U-turn facilities. Designing a U-turn using inappropriate driver gap acceptance data could result in traffic congestion and potentially lead to a severe traffic accident. This article aims to study the critical gap estimation at uncontrolled median opening U-turns by using the real traffic behavior gathered from 3 locations in Bangkok area. A comparative analysis of critical gap estimation was performed using various methods. The results showed that the critical gaps calculated by the Raff, Greenshield, Acceptance Curve Method and Maximum Likelihood Method were ranging between 3.24-5.39, 4.75-6.75, 6.75-9.30 and 4.29-6.69 seconds, respectively. From all techniques, Maximum Likelihood is the most suitable method for critical gap estimation as it provides a more consistent results than other techniques. The results also point out that, as the direct traffic volume increases, the estimated critical gap form all methods tends to decrease. In addition, it was found that the critical gaps of different U-turn patterns were different.
ชยันต์วุฒิ ปิติยอดจิตร
กฤตนัย ปัญญากาญจน์
Thung Khru District’s Road Safety action and coordination at curve, Soi Pracha Uthit 119
This research aims to study road safety action and coordination problems for mitigating road accidents by using accidents at the horizontal curve section near Soi Pracha Uthit 119, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok as a case study. At the site, there were two motorcycles departing the curve twice within four months. The first accident occurred on December 2nd, 2021. Therefore, many officers needed to come together to analyze the cause of the accident in order to find a solution to the problem. Unfortunately, on March 16th, 2022, a similar accident occurred again before the problem had been fixed. The causes of these two accidents were the motorcyclists themselves, the geometry of the roadway curve, a lack of traffic control devices, and insufficient roadway lighting. We found that there was only basic investigation, and therefore the problem would not be solved urgently. This case study would be used as a guideline for road safety action plan and coordination to other organizations
Hospital Sterile Supply and Equipment Inventory Management and Transportation Systems Analysis
Inventory management and transportation of medical supplies and equipment, either sterile or non-sterile, are major challenges in the hospital logistics system management, of which related activities in Thailand need to comply with the Asia Pacific Society of Infection Control (APSIC) standards. While the operational goal is generally to maintain sufficient stock and eliminate unnecessary storage expenses, attention has to be paid more on handling and transporting either sterile supplies in a way that avoids exposing to harmful elements or non-sterile supplies in a way that minimizing the risk of cross contamination. This research presents guidelines for managing sterile supply and equipment inventory using the ABC inventory analysis for prioritizing and categorizing items based on given criteria. The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) technique, illustrating the trade-offs between inventory and ordering costs, was also applied to replicate the situation with uncertain demand. Based on the inventory and travel time data collected in every handling stage from the sterile supply department to the patient wards, the analytical results can provide a cyclical ordering plan of the sterile supplies and equipment with minimum total cost.
Multi-Lane Free Flow (M-Flow) บนโครงข่ายทางพิเศษ A Study on Changes in Expressway User Behavior for the Use of the Multi-Lane Free Flow (M-Flow) Toll System on the Expressway Network
The launch of the Multi-Lane Free Flow (M-Flow) toll collection system provides more options for expressway users to pay their tolls. This article presents a study on the change in behavior of expressway users and the decision to switch from the traditional toll collection system to the M-Flow system on the expressway network by collecting data from expressway users who pay with cash and Easy Pass/M-Pass. The study collected the data from both passenger car and truck group through interviews and electronic questionnaires. The study found that the passenger car group paying with cash was 14.4 percent more likely to switch to the M-Flow system than the Easy Pass/M-Pass users, due to the time savings of going through toll gates. For the truck group, both cash and Easy Pass/M-Pass users are likely to use the traditional toll payment system for about 50 percent, as changing the toll system could affect their internal work processes. In addition, factors that will drive the expressway users who pay with cash and Easy Pass/M-Pass (both passenger car and truck groups) to switch to the M-Flow system include discounts, time saving from the congestion in front of the toll gates, and postpaid payment method.
เสาวนี ศรีสุวรรณ
Traffic Operational Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles on Urban Street using Simulation
There has been a development of autonomous vehicles in the automotive industry. An autonomous vehicle uses an automated driving system; therefore, it does not need a human driver to control the vehicle. This paper focuses on the operational impacts of autonomous vehicles under urban traffic conditions with motorcycles, which are the most widely used in Thailand. The selected roadway for this study is a section of Pracha Uthit Road between King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi and Pracha Uthit Soi 45, which has relatively high traffic volume. The study section consists of two junctions similar to a staggered intersection without traffic signal control. This study analyzes the traffic operational performance of the study road section under the base scenario and the scenario with all passenger vehicles replaced by autonomous vehicles using microscopic simulation software, PTV VISSIM. The results show that the roadway operational performance would be impacted by autonomous vehicle usage. The scenario with all passenger vehicles replaced by autonomous vehicles would result in the network's average speed increase by 21%, average queue length and vehicle delay reduction by 90% and 75%, respectively.
กีรติ์นุช กีรติศิวกุล
A Study of Travel Behavior and Road Safety Knowledge of Students
This research aims to study travel patterns to school and to assess students' perceptions of travel safety. This research uses samples from Wisuttharangsi school in Kanchanaburi by collecting data through a Google form. Information of interest includes the nature of travel and perceptions about various road rules. A total of 423 students responded to the questionnaire. The most common modes for school trips are traveling by personal vehicle with parents and traveling by school shuttle, at 38.5% each. There are 5.4% of students using motorcycles, of which 56.5% do not have a motorcycle license. From the analysis of the data, it is found that the factors affecting the travel style are distance, grade level, gender, age, ability to ride a motorcycle, and possession of a motorcycle driving license. From the questionnaire on the traveling behavior of the students to school, it was found that most of the students had the correct travel behavior. And from the analysis results of the knowledge assessment, it was revealed that the students were the most knowledgeable about the markers, but had little knowledge of pedestrians and pedestrian crossings.
The Application of At-grade Roundabouts to Improve and Solve Traffic Problems on Highways Case study: Highway No. 34, Khlong Om Intersection, Chachoengsao Province; Highway No. 3, Nong Fab Intersection and PTT Intersection, Rayong Province and Highway
The Department of Highways has hired consultant engineers of Chotichinda Consultants Company Limited to survey, design, improve and solve traffic problems at 3 intersections, namely 1) the intersection of Highway No. 34 and Highway No. 314 at Khlong Om Intersection, Chachoengsao Province 2) the intersections between Nong Fab Intersection and PTT Intersection on Highway No. 3, Rayong Province and 3) the intersection of Highway No. 3 and the starting point of Highway No. 332 at J Intersection, Chonburi Province. The author has proposed a solution by designing all three intersections to be grade separated interchanges and at-grade roundabout interchanges and has identified 3 factors to select those intersection models, namely 1) Engineering and traffic factor 2) Economic and financial factor and 3) Environmental factor. The selection results can be concluded that the at-grade roundabout interchanges of all three intersections were the best choice, which increased travel efficiency.
เกศแก้วเงิน มหาคชเสนีย์ชัย
Estimation of Origin-Destination Trip Patterns on Expressway using Automatic License Plate Recognition Data
Origin-Destination (OD) matrix is one of the key transportation data used in the traffic analysis and planning. Traditional methods for collecting the OD information including individual interviews are limited by the number of people involved during the interview effort. Traffic data collection equipment such as loop detectors and microwave sensors are not able to identify individual vehicles. In addition, GPS devices can be used to identify individual vehicles, but it is required to be installed in every vehicle traversing the road network. With the advancement of computer vision technology, it is possible to use the automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) system in reidentifying the same vehicles traveling a particular pair of origin and destination. In this paper, we explore the use of automatic license plate recognition in estimating the expressway network’s OD table. We proposed a matching technique for license plate data matching at the on and off ramps within the expressway network. The performance of the matching technique is evaluated using detection rate, ALPR accuracy, and matching accuracy. In sum, the proposed license plate matching strategy can improve the accuracy of the OD estimation.
จิรวัฒน์ เพลิงศรีทอง
A Study of the traffic impact on the opening of Multi-Lane Free Flow (M-Flow) on the Chalong Rat Expressway
M-Flow (Multi-Lane Free Flow), an Automatic Toll Collection System without a barrier, is a new alternative to pay the toll fees. The launch of M-Flow reduces congestion at toll plazas, thereby affecting traffic conditions. This research has developed a traffic model to assess the traffic conditions that will occur if M-Flow starts operating on the Chalong Rat Expressway. The study analyzed a comparative traffic impact between the existing toll collection project (Manual and Easy pass) and the availability of M-Flow in the 1st year, 5th year, and 10th year, and divided the analysis into two periods; peak hours and off-peak hours. According to the results, the launch of the M-Flow system is able to reduce more delay-time than the traditional system. When comparing the delay time, the study finds that as the proportion of M-Flow users increase, the delay values decrease even more. Furthermore, the launch of M-Flow system will cause higher reduction in delay times during peak hours than off-peak hours.
Grouping Factors and Physical Design Concepts of Toll Plazas for Supporting the Multi-Lane Free Flow (M-Flow) Toll System on the Chalong Rat Expressway
At present, the Expressway Authority of Thailand (EXAT) is under an installation of the Multi-Lane Free Flow (M-Flow) toll collection system on the expressway network. The physical characteristics of many current toll gates must be improved to support the use of the M-Flow toll system. This paper aims to present the grouping factors and physical design concepts of the complied toll gates on the Chalong Rat Expressway to support the M-Flow system. The fourteen toll plazas on the Chalong Rat Expressway were compiled and divided into five groups based on five factors of similar physical characteristics, namely service system, shape and physical characteristics, number of toll lanes, traffic volume, and level of service. As a result, a total of seven toll gates representing those five groups will be used for the physical design model to determine the optimal M-Flow lane position, considering the design from three concepts; physical characteristics that support the integrated toll collection system, physical characteristics consistent with the operation of the M-Flow system, and physical characteristics consistent with the traditional toll system and safety of toll collectors.
ธนุตม์ กล่อมระนก
Investigating of Pedestrian’s Gap Acceptance at Unsignalized Mid-Block Crosswalks
Pedestrians are considered as one of the most vulnerable components in traffic system. They are at higher risk of serious accidents than other road users because they do not have personal protective equipment to increase their safety while using the road. This article aims to study the pedestrian gap acceptance, which is one of the key factors affecting decision-making processes for safe crossing. The study was conducted by gathering the actual pedestrian crossing behavior at 6 unsignalized mid-block crosswalks in Bangkok. A total of 1,275 one-stage road crossing circumstances were found. The results showed that the average gap acceptance of male and female were 6.12 and 6.24 seconds, young, middle-aged and elderly were 6.03, 6.18 and 6.33 seconds, single and group crossing were 6.17 and 6.81 seconds, crossing during peak and off-peak periods were 6.72 and 5.78 seconds, respectively, and all factors were statically different. In addition, critical gap in various situations estimated from Raff's method were presented. It was found that the critical gaps of pedestrians crossing were ranging between 3.73 and 5.75 seconds. The results of the study can be used as information for further improvement and design of the crossing facilities to make them safer for pedestrian.
ปานเทพ เตชารัตน์
เกียรติศักดิ์ แซมทอง
พีระวัฒน์ มโนเจริญ
The Study of the impacts on Expressway Operators in Bangkok and Perimeter due to Demographic Changes in Thailand’s Population
Thailand has faced challenges in several aspects since 2000 due to the transformation of its demographic structure into an aging society. Studies show that in the next 10 years, 20% of Thais will enter a retirement age, and the number will rise to 30% by 2050. This phenomenon will affect expressway service providers tremendously due to reductions in traveling demand from an increasing proportion of elderly road users and different services they may expect. Therefore, the expressway service providers are facing a huge challenge as the proportion of working-age and school-age expressway users who are the majority of the existing users is declining. In addition, activity-based expressway usage will variously change in terms of the number and the pattern of daily trips such as work, study, business, travel, and other leisure trips. This study focuses on analyzing the impact of changes in the demographic structure particularly in Bangkok and its perimeter on the demand for expressway usage and expressway services and the impact of population structure changes on expressway service providers in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. 2,237 samples from surveys conducted to study the age range of expressway users and travel activities were used in forecasting future expressway traffic volume. The findings regarding the age profile and traffic growth were analyzed to develop strategic plans for improving the expressway services in response to the changes in the domestic population structure.
Efficiency of Using Retroreflective Tape Instead of Road Stud on Expressways
Road Marking and Traffic Sign are a part of traffic control devices for giving a direction for expressway users to drive easily, quickly and safely. Line Marking and road stud are used on expressways to divide traffic lanes, so they need to clearly visible in both day and night conditions. However, the reflectivity of road markings decreases over time or environmental changes such as low light conditions or rains, causing a water film to be coated on the surface. This can lead to accidents as drivers are not able to see road marking on the expressway. The Expressway Authority of Thailand (EXAT) aims to provide drivers with good service and safety. with the concerns about safety, EXAT Launches a study on geometric layout including the efficiency of using “Retroreflective tape” instead of road studs. This paper shows that the size of the reflective traffic tape to be used in place of road studs should be 0.15 m wide and 0.30 m The reflectivity values of the tape in dry and wet conditions are higher than FHWA standard, which provides clearer vision. Moreover, it requires less installation time and has the same unit price as road studs.
Deficit Function Development for Autonomous Modular Public Transit
The development of public transport technology improves the quality of life. Driverless vehicle technology combined with real-time communication has been used to develop autonomous modular public transit (AMPT). A modular bus is a preferred system that offers flexibility in both operational and capacity as well as a higher level of service that is complicated to determine minimum fleet sizes of AMPT service. In this study, we selected the deficit function to determine the minimum fleet size of the AMPT system by developing the Extended Deficit Function to be proper with the AMPT system in case of switchable modules during operation. The results show the developed deficit function can be used with the AMPT system and also reduced the Minimum fleet size of the AMPT system in case of switchable modules during operation.
เทวิษฎ์ ขันติอยู่
Factors Influencing School Travel Mode Choice
The objective of this study is to fine factors influencing school travel mode choice of student at a primary school in Mueang District, Lamphun Province. Online questionnaires were used to interview 231 parents of student. The study found that 53.3% of students travel to school by a school bus, in addition, 29.0%, 17.3%, and 0.4% travel by private car, motorcycle, and walking respectively. The main reason that parents choose to use school bus is that there was no time to escort their children to the school, where parents who choose private car and motorcycle is that it is a safe journey. Multinomial Logistic Regression shows that distance, travel times, number of cars in possession, and driving license, are significantly factors which influenced on the school travel mode choice. Based on study, only 7.8% of students stay in area where can walk and bike to school. Most of parents in this group use motorcycle to escort their children and presently, the mentioned parents allow their children to walk and bike to school is 16.7%. The main reason why parents do not allow is safety concerns
ณัฐวุฒิ อะกะเรือน
Classifying second-level road network of Thailand
It has been reported that the road network in Thailand is sufficiently provided with coverage around the country at the length of 470,049 km, implying that there is less need for constructing a new road. However, road management is still fragmented under the jurisdiction of separate local government bodies, especially second-level road network that connects through the local settlements. This has resulted in poor road conditions for the users. One way to improve the management is to arrange the road ownership to appropriate administrations. The legislation on the third decentralization plan which is under drafting has proposed to classify the road network according to administrative jurisdiction. However, the plan lacks the consideration of the road network connections to strategically important places. The solution to such a problem is to classify the road network into different road hierarchies according to the function of uses. This study applied a novel road classification method, Link & Place, which consider the importance of the road based on the levels of vehicular movement (i.e., Link) and levels of activity alongside the road (i.e., Place). Link and Place levels are proposed to be classified into five levels: national, regional, provincial, district and subdistrict. It has been applied for the classification of the existing road network within four provinces in the Northeastern region: Nakhon Ratchasima, Chaiyaphum, Surin and Buriram and assessed for the applicability by interviewing government officials in the affected local areas. The result found that the road that is classified under Provincial Level is appropriate to be the second-level road network of Thailand.
จุติพงศ์ พาราพันธกุล
ทวีศักดิ์ ปานจันทร์
Comparing the Satisfaction Factors Affecting Decision Behavior of Passengers between Lat Krabang Station's Airport Rail Link and Lat Krabang Station's Diesel-Train Eastern Line
The study aims to learn and compare the decision to the services of the Airport Rellink Railway, Ratkrabang Station and the Eastern Diesel Railway line, Ratkrabang Station. The study is divided into five sections, classifying the first part of the data, according to the personal data. The second part behaviour uses the third part of the data service decision, the fourth part of the data processing, the Welch T-Test and five-way ANOVA method at 95% confidence level, to better improve the service performance. The findings show that women's use of information from a survey of 405 percent, Welch T-Test used average, standard deviation and population of two groups. The findings show that women's use of female services has a maximum of 62%, between 25-34 years old a maximum of 37%, Bachelor degree a maximum of 67%, Office worker a maximum of 45%. Who had 10,001 – 25,000 income a maximum of 50%. Comfort, cleanliness, publicity, complaints/communications and the clarity of navigation signs are the factor in the decision to use of the service that users are willing to use. However, this research can be very specific to the users of most services and price factors.
Development of Trip Generation Model and Trip Distribution Model for Bang Lamung District, Chonburi Province
This paper introduces an enhanced understanding of the behavior and factors that affect the trip patterns of people who in which live in Bang Lamung District, Chonburi Province. Subsequently, develop the Travel Demand Model that can describe the trip pattern of people in the study area. Along these lines, this paper was directed by utilizing the information from the Pattaya City Planning Project (Banglamung District) in 2019, which was overviewed by the Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning. The information was gathered by utilizing the technique of the Household Interview for a sum of 1,205 contextual case studies. The study's findings revealed that household size, household income, vehicle ownership, number of students in a household and number of workers in household are interrelated to the trip production model. Moreover, the population and the number of student seats in each traffic analysis zone (TAZ) is correspondingly related to the trip attraction model. Therefore finally, the trip distribution model indicated that friction factors in the form of Power Function is the most suitable for every trip purpose, excluding for the Home-Based Other trip (HBO) that friction factors in the form of Gamma function is the most appropriate.
สรธร ศุภภิญโญพงศ์
Road Speed Profile: A Case Study of Pracha Uthit Road
The objective of this research is to study the speed profile of Pracha Uthit Road from Pracha Uthit Intersection to Na Luang Intersection in order to understand traffic conditions along the study corridor. Heat maps were created to identify the locations and time periods with traffic congestion. The data used for this study were obtained from Thai Intelligent Traffic Information Center (iTIC), which include the information from the Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment installed on public taxis. From the analysis results, it is found that the traffic congestion pattern throughout the corridor changed according to the time of day where there was recurring congestion at some locations. The speed profiles obtained from this research can be used to pinpoint roadway bottlenecks and apply proper mitigation measures for the roadway sections such as a reversible lane strategy. Knowing the speed profile allows one to efficiently determine the operational boundary as well as the operational time of the managed lane application. The method used in this study can be used to assess roadway speed profiles as a tool to help decision-makers effectively solve traffic congestion problems in a road network.
Factor Affecting Willing to Pay for Disability Loss from Motorcycle Accidents in Chiang Mai Province
Nowadays, road traffic injuries are a big problem in developing countries including Thailand. Most road traffic injuries are caused by motorcyclists. and are found more in the age range 15-39 years, and the incidence of disability after injury from road traffic accidents is not currently very much. This study attempts to examine the incidence of disability and the consequences of road traffic accidents. The study was conducted from Three hospitals in Chiang Mai Province, is Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital. Hang Dong Hospital and San Pa Tong Hospital. It was found that the top three causes of disability from road traffic accidents according to the diagnosis according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) were intracranial injuries. Intracranial Injury, Fracture of Bone, and Injury of intra-abdominal organs, questionnaires by direct valuation method. Contingent Valuation Method to find factors affecting willingness to pay, to find factors affecting willingness to pay From the Multiple Linear Regression Analysis it was found that gender, family, income, and accident experience. There is a significant correlation with factors affecting willingness to pay.
Willingness to Accept Compensation from Aircraft Noise Impacts Around Chiangmai International Airport
Aircraft noise is a problem that significantly affects people nearby around Chiang Mai International Airport, whether from environmental, health, and quality of life. Such impacts cause problems regarding the suitability and clarity of airport compensation processes for citizens. Therefore, this research presents a monetary value determination to assess the willingness to accept compensation from aircraft noise impact around Chiang Mai International Airport. Using the Contingent valuation method (CVM) by questionnaire from residents around Chiang Mai International Airport. The data analysis by using statistical analysis. The study results found that the average willingness to accept compensation amounted to 1,315 baht per person per month. The study results can reflect the actual value of the compensation requirement of those affected to provide a guideline for determining the appropriate value for future aircraft noise impact compensation.
Changing of Intersection Capacity in Case of Using Autonomous Vehicles
Autonomous vehicles are a new innovation that will have a significant impact in Thailand. It is important to study a change to infrastructure capacity to facilitate the use of autonomous vehicles. To better understand this behavior, the researchers choose Na Luang intersection in Thung Khru, Bangkok to demonstrate impacts of autonomous on the intersection capacity through microsimulation models using PTV Vissim. A penetration rate of autonomous vehicles used in the study includes 5, 20, 60, and 100% of total passenger vehicles. Then, the intersection capacity for each scenario is used to find a capacity adjustment factor. The results show that the intersection capacity is directly related to the proportion of autonomous vehicles. The capacity adjustment factor is greater than 1 for all scenarios where autonomous vehicles are used to substitute all passenger vehicles, and there is an increasing trend when the proportion of autonomous vehicles increases. The capacity adjustment factor (CAF) for Na Luang intersection would reach 1.219 (a capacity increase by 21.9%) when all passenger vehicles are substituted with autonomous vehicles.
A Study of Resilience in Thai Rail System
Resilience becomes an important attribute for networked infrastructure systems to survive from severe disruptive events, either natural or man-made. This study aims to determine how resiliency in Thai rail system can be modeled. Building upon existing work on transportation resilience, this study discusses resilience measure for networked infrastructure how to improve resiliency. A thorough literature review was conducted on infrastructure system resilience to develop a resilience assessment model. The physical Thai rail network was mapped, and network connectivity was measured. The analysis of the results indicated that resilience for Thai rail system can be measured by assessing degradation of network connectivity under disruptions
ร้อยเอก สมิทธิภัทร คำประพันธ์
Road Safety Assessment for Department of Highways Using iRAP Star Rating for Design
Road accidents not only cause substantial loss of lives and properties, but also globally extend to produce an economic burden to the society. One of the most critical components contributing to road accident occurrence is road environment. Improving the safety of road infrastructures, especially from the very early planning stage of a road infrastructure life-cycle, could noticeably reduce accidental injuries and casualties. This research therefore presents the findings of a systematic road safety assessment at the design phase before the road is constructed or renovated, based on the international road assessment programme (iRAP) star rating for design. Infrastructure-related risks for road users including passenger cars and motorcycles are systematically assessed on the road construction drawings of the department of highways, thailand. Data on road design drawings and associated features such as geometric specifications, topographical conditions and cross-sections are thoroughly evaluated. The results of the assessment can indicate the risk of an accident resulting from road conditions. The dangers on both sides of the road include various factors and elements of roads that affect the safety of road users. Such assessment procedure could be an example guideline for ensuring highway designers and engineers to achieve an improved safety design and for supporting the department of highways to provide a safer road environment for all vulnerable road users.
ศิรวิชญ์ ชุ่มไชยพฤกษ์
Measuring changes in travel behavior patterns due to rainfall on urban roads
Globally, climate change has caused increases in frequency, duration and rainfall intensity. High rainfall can cause flooding on roads that results in traffic jams, with travelers modifying their routes to avoid congestion. Collection of multiple data is necessary to understand travel behavior. Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology that can quickly collect large amounts of data. Tracking sequences of Bluetooth-enabled devices including cell phones, headphones and in-car audio systems can be used to record the movement of vehicles within a network. Bluetooth tracking sequences may be incomplete or inconsistent due to data failure of the nodes and tracking devices. One solution is to cluster together similar Bluetooth tracking sequences. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) alignment method was applied to identify similarity/distance distribution between Bluetooth tracking path group sequences. during rainy days, with results used to plan new routes
Preliminary study on Performance of Steel Fiber Mortar under Bullet Impact and Blast loading
The violence and unrest situation in Thailand still occurred continuously which the loss of many lives and properties. The protective structures are important to prevent the people from those losses. This study aims to investigate the performance of steel fiber reinforced mortar (SFRM) on impaction of bullet and blast resistance for used to the pre-cast protective structure. The experimental can be divided into 2 parts; 1) study on performance bulletproof of SFRM panel with 2% fiber (by volume) subjected with 7.62 mm bullet by varied the thicknesses. 2) study on the performance of SFRM panel to blast resistance by explosive with 0.5 lb. TNT at the scaled distance (Z) of 0.75 m/kg1/3. The experimental results shows that the SFRM can be prevented the bullet with the thickness beyond 80 mm. The increase of the percentage of weight was observed with the thickness of panel below 80 mm. due to the spalling by bullet impaction. For the blast resistance test, a completely flexural fracture was observed on a plain mortar panel. Unlike, the SFRM panel only shows the small cracking due to steel fiber enhanced the impact resistance.
Compressive Behavior of Rubber Wood Composite Short Column Fixed with Nails
Assembly of processed rubber wood for use in civil engineering, there are many forms. Nail fastening is a form of fastening that gives the rubber wood that is bonded together stronger and can withstand higher strength. The primary objective of this research was to study the pattern of fastening of rubber wood with nails through the compression behavior of short columns assembled with rubber wood. The example of a short column has a cross section of 7.5 x 7.5 square centimeters. It consists of 3 pieces of rubber wood with a cross section of 2.54 x 7.5 square centimeters and a height of 30 centimeters, which are fixed by nails in 4 different ways (number of nails and number of rows for fastening with nails). The test was conducted in the laboratory with the determination of physical properties and basic mechanical properties of rubber wood. Sample of the short assembly columns were tested by compression to determine the compressive strength and deformations of the columns until the failure occurred. The results showed that short columns could bear high axial compressive strength according to the number of nails used to fix the columns, the maximum compressive strength was 24.32 kilo newton, and most of the sample column failures were crushed failures. The details will be discussed in this article
Applied the Residues of Agricultural Industry to Product Clay Brick at Low-temperature
Traditional clay brick production requires high heat. In the area, there are many residues from the agricultural industry sources, a source of pollution in the form of fly ash, which has a negative impact on the environment. This research is to study the production of clay bricks at low temperatures using alkali-activation technology. The starting materials include palm ash and para-wood ash, residues from the agricultural industry, and clay, a natural material. Mixed design of three types of starting materials for optimal alumina and silica composition for chemical reactions. The mixture was then activated by sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and the two solutions of 8 molar concentrations. The 5x5x5 cm3 specimens were cured at 80°C for 2 days. The compressive strength of bricks is studied at cured in the air for 7, 14, 28, and 60 days. Finally, compare it with clay bricks produced by the traditional method. The results showed that the properties of low temperature fired clay bricks could be developed for maximum compressive strength of 262.06 ksc, which was higher than clay bricks produced by traditional methods. More ash mixture tends to decrease compressive strength and density. The clay brick at a low-temperature process has no shrinkage and no water solubility. This indicates that their structural strength is comparable to the clay brick at a high-temperature process.
Development of Cement Mortar Suitable for 3D Printing
The objective of the study was to determine the optimum mix proportion of fibre reinforced cement mortar for 3D printing applications. The mortar mixes were prepared with polypropylene micro-fibre varied from 0 to 0.1% and then subjected to series of test related to printing required properties such as printability test, open time, layer settlement, and time gap together with some basic properties such as flow test, viscosity test, compressive strength test, and flexural strength test. The results indicated the optimum volume fraction of polypropylene micro-fibre of 0.1% which passed to required open time, provided the lowest time gap, and gave to the tallest print filament. It also yielded the highest compressive and flexural strengths. The printed specimens exhibited slighter lower compressive strength but higher flexural strength than the cast specimens.
Strength test of mortar mixed with Mon brick fragments and Stone dust
This article presented Mortar's properties mixed with Mon brick fragments and Stone dust. Mortar’s properties improved. The test of specimen such as Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, Impact Strength and Impact joint Strength. Use the Mortar C1-S20 formula for properties control. Compared at 6 hours, 1 day, 7 days, 14 days and 28 days with Mortar uses type 1 Portland cement with various sizes of sand, Mortar mixed Mon brick fragments sifted through a sieve number 20, and Mortar mixed stone dust sifted through a sieve number 20. The results showed that Mortar used type 1 Portland cement sifted through a sieve number 20 or The Control mortar had the best strength performance compared to The Mortar uses type 1 Portland cement. Mortar mixed Mon brick fragments has better strength than control mortar all mixing proportions. Mortar mixed stone dust when the amount of stone dust increased, resulting in creased strength.
รัตชัยน์ สลับศรี
The Study of Properties and Behavior of Fresh Mortar Mixed Wire rope sling, Ceramic breads, and Rubber in Concrete Surface
This article present Fresh mortar’s properties mixed with special materials, such as Wire rope sling, Ceramic breads, and Rubber. Fresh mortar’s properties improved. Including Water demand, Workability, and Testing for compressive strength. Use the mortar C1-S20 Portland cement with various size of sand, Mortar used type 1 Portland cement with various size of sand. Compared Mortar used type 1 Portland cement with various size of sand, Mortar mixed wire rope sling, Mortar mixed ceramic breads, Mortar mixed rubber. The result showed that mortar used type 1 Portland cement when the sand is smaller, resulting increased water requirements, increased flowability, and increased compressive strength. Mortar mixed wire rope sling when the amount of wire rope sling, resulting in reduced water requirements, reduced flowability, and increased compressive strength. Mortar mixed ceramic breads when amount of ceramic breads increased, resulting in reduced water demand, increased flowability, and reduced compressive strength. Moreover, Mortar mixed rubber when amount of rubber increased, resulting in reduced water requirement, reduced flowability, and reduced compressive strength.
Study on the effect of pozzolanic materials on Sulfuric acid solution attack
This research aims to determine the corrosion resistance performance in sulfuric acid solutions of cement paste containing modified pozzolan and natural pozzolan materials. The natural pozzolanic material used in the research was ground for two hours to a finer size prior to experimentation. The cement paste used as a representative in the study was cast into specimens cubes measuring 50x50x50 mm and water to binder ratio was 0.30. The results found that the type and type of pozzolanic material affects the corrosion resistance of sulfuric acid solution attack. Natural pozzolan materials showed the best performance of resistance to sulfuric acid solutions, followed by modified pozzolan materials with low CaO/SiO2, and modified pozzolan materials with high CaO/SiO2 showed the least resistant to sulfuric acid solutions attack. In this study, it was found that the CaO/SiO2 ratio had a significant effect on the corrosion resistance of sulfuric acid solutions.
Effect of One-Part Alkaline Activated Cement Treatment on Bond Strength between Steel Bars and Concrete
This research aims to study the bond strength between steel bars and concrete using one-part alkaline-activated cement (ACCP) paste as coating material to compare with commercial coating material. A combination of modified geopolymer powder (MGP), Portland cement, NaOH pellets, and tap water was used to produce AACP. The MGP was used to replace PC at the rates of 0, 15, 20, 25, and 30 by weight of binder. For specimen preparation, the ACCP coated steel bars for 1 day. After 28 days, the bond strength between steel bars and concrete was tested. Test results found that Bond strength tended to decrease as the proportion of MGP in PC increased. However, the bond strength of ACCP having not exceed 20% MGP was comparable to those of 100PC and epoxy.
กมลภพ ขันธ์สัมฤทธิ์
ฉัตรฑริกา เพียงพิมาย
ชุดาภัค เดชพันธ์
Improvement of Recycled Concrete Aggregate Properties using Alkali-Activated Binder Treatment
This article studies on the effects of using paste-treated recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) on the characteristics of concrete. Cement paste, alkali-activated high-calcium fly ash paste, and alkali-activated high-calcium fly ash paste containing dolomite paste were used to treat recycled concrete aggregate. Natural concrete aggregate (NCA) was substituted with RCA at weight percentages of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The properties of coating material and concrete were investigated. The experimental results indicated that using treated RCA in replacement of NCA is a viable alternative material for replacing nonrenewable natural resource components in concrete, as well as making it more sustainable and ecologically friendly. As RCA was surface treated with coating materials, the characteristics of the concrete were substantially enhanced when compared to the control mix.
จิตติณัฐ ปล่องกระโทก
ณัฐพงศ์ ดำรงวิริยะนุภาพ
Chloride Resistance of Steel Bars Coated by Hybrid Alkali-Activated Powder
This research investigates the chloride resistance of steel bars coated with hybrid alkali-activated powder (HAAP) made from 50% geopolymer powder (GP), 40% cement Portland (PC), and 10% silica fume (SF) activated by 2 molar sodium hydroxide (NH) solution and tap water. The GP was made by substituting fly ash (FA) with PC at 0% and 20% by weight of binder. Sodium silicate (NS) and 14 molar sodium hydroxide (NH) solutions were used as the liquid alkali solutions. The NS/NH ratios of 1.0 and 2.0, the L/B ratio of 0.50, and curing temperatures of 25 and 60 ºC were used in all mixtures. Test results showed that the factors of GP incorporating PC, increased NS/NH ratio, and increased curing temperature could improve the mechanical properties of the HAAP paste. The chloride penetration coefficient of the HAAP paste was between 0.07 and 0.14 x 10-12 m2/s. They were more resistant to chloride than cement paste about 88.71 time. Moreover, it was found that the steel bars coated with HAAP paste seemed to be more resistant to chloride corrosion than those coated with cement paste and with no coating using Rapid Chloride Migration Test. It might be due to the fact that the reaction products of the HAAP paste within the matrix might enhance the resistance to chloride corrosion
Mechanical Properties of High-Calcium Fly Ash Geopolymer Mortar Incorporating Polypropylene Fiber
This article examines the compressive strength and flexural strength of High-Calcium Fly Ash geopolymer mortar containing Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) and Clay Residue (CR) as the starting materials. The polypropylene fiber (PF) was added in geopolymer mortar at the rates of0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.0% by volume fraction. The liquid alkaline was composed of 10 molar sodium hydroxide (NH) solution and sodium silicate (NS) solution with a constant NS-to-NH ratio of 1.0. A constant sand-to-binder ratio of 0.50 and waterproof-to-binder ratio of 5.0 were used in all mixtures. The test results showed that the incorporation of polypropylene fiber to geopolymer mortar improved its mechanical properties in comparison to mortar without PF. In addition, geopolymer mortar containing PF could increase the toughness modulus and energy absorption prior to failure, therefore delaying the occurrence of failure.
Influence of Sodium Chloride Solution Amount and Immersion Time on Chloride-Induced Rebar Corrosion using Half-Cell Potential Method
The objective of this paper is to study the influence of sodium chloride solution amount and immersion time on chloride-induced rebar corrosion using Half-Cell Potential (HCP). The concrete Samples with a required strength of 21 MPa after 28 days of curing were used. For specimen preparation, a 75 x 75 x 300 mm concrete prism was made. Then, 12 mm steel rebar with various concrete covering was embedded. In this study, different volumes of NaCl solution (3.5% concentration) were applied at 25, 50, and 75% of the height of the specimen. The Accelerated Corrosion with Impressed Voltage (ACVTIV) test was conducted with varying immersion times of 3, 6, and 9 hours. Test results showed that increasing both the amount of sodium chloride solution and the immersion period influenced the HCP growth. From test results, it can be concluded that sodium chloride solution amount and immersion duration should not exceed 50% of the height of the specimen and 6 hours, respectively. In addition, the concrete covering had no significant effect on the area of rebar corrosion using the HCP method.
การพัฒนาคอนกรีตที่มีส่วนผสมของวัสดุกากอุตสาหกรรมสำหรับป้องกันการกัดกร่อนโดยกรดและการขัดสีเพื่อประยุกต์ใช้กับพื้นฟาร์มสุกร
The objective of this work was to investigate the resistance of concretes against acid corrosion and abrasive corrosion, which occurs in typical pig’s farm floors, especially near the feeding machine. Two types of industrial waste, which good pozzolanic properties, were used as cement replacement material to improve acid resistance of concrete specimens. For the concrete mixtures, cement was replaced by silica fume or fly ash for 10 wt.%. compare to concrete with ordinary Portland cement and hydraulic cement binders. Two types of concrete specimens were prepared for testing compressive strength, acid corrosion, abrasion corrosion and acid-abrasion corrosion. The compressive strength test was conducted for 7, 14, 28, 56 and 84 days after casted. The results suggest silica fume effectively increases the compressive strength while fly ash slightly decreases. The resistance of the concrete against organic acid corrosion was improved by the substitution ordinary Portland cement by hydraulic cement and greatly improved when applying fly ash or silica fume as cement replacement. The improvement of abrasion resistance of concrete due to using hydraulic cement or cement replacement materials demonstrate similar trend compared to acid corrosion resistant tested results. Two testing machines, one for organic acid corrosion tests in wet-dried conditions and an abrasion testing machine with steel wheels, were developed to simulate the attack on concrete floors in pig farms. The concrete slab was cast and tested with a wetdry switching system in an organic acid solution cooperating with an abrasion test. The test results demonstrate that applying fly ash or silica fume is effective for increasing the resistance of the concrete against organic acid corrosion and abrasive corrosion.
Coat Ability and Moisture Resistance of Asphalt Emulsion Modified with High-Ammonia Natural Rubber Latex
Asphalt is a widely used material in the road construction industry. It has the ability of bonding or adhering the aggregate materials together. From previous literatures, it was found that adding natural rubber to the hot mix asphalt cement can improve the performances of asphalt binder. The improve properties of natural latex modified asphalt cement include high stability, good fatigue resistance and flexibility. Therefore, a type of CMS-2h cold mix asphalt binder, which commonly used for pavement surface patching, was mixed with natural rubber latex and characterized in this research. Target properties of natural rubber modified CMS2h analyzed in this research are aggregate coating and moisture sensitivity in accordance with ASTM D 244. This standard test is usually used to indicate the moisture resistance and anti-scaling performances required by pavement patching materials. The standard criteria for aggregate coating in wet and dry condition is 60% and 80%, respectively. For this research, CMS-2h asphalt emulsion was mixed with concentrated natural latex at 1%, 3% and 5% mixture ratios in the laboratory. The coating test shows that CMS-2h with natural rubber of 1% can be used for pavement patching and repair.
The change of calcium hydroxide in cement paste by FTIR technique using different pozzolan materials
This research aims to study the change of calcium hydroxide in cement paste by FTIR technique when using different pozzolan materials. The pozzolanic materials used are fly ash from source A (FA), fly ash from source B (BL), silica fume (SF), and glass waste powder (GP). The ratio of cement to pozzolanic was 90:10, 80:20, and 70:30 by weight of the binder. The change of calcium hydroxide in cement paste was studied by FTIR technique at wavenumber 500 – 4000 cm-1. The compressive strength of cement mortar was investigated at 1, 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that the calcium hydroxide peak at 3640 cm-1 decreased with increasing curing time and increased with cement replacement with pozzolanic material. The peak at an intensity of 970 cm-1, the calcium silicate hydrate's location, was also found. As a result of compressive strength, it was found that when the curing age increased, the compressive strength increased. Cement mortar with Silica fume as pozzolanic material provided the highest compressive strength, and fly ash from source B (BL) gave the lowest compressive strength. On the other hand, the compressive strength decreased as the percentage of replacement of pozzolanic material increased.
Using plastic waste from the curtain assembly plant as an ingredient in concrete for plant pots
This study aims to use the plastic waste from a Chiang Mai curtain manufacturing facility as a material in concrete to create plant pots by mixing cement binder and gypsum plaster in a 0.5: 0.5 ratio. A sieve with an opening of 25, 10, and 4 mm was used to separate three forms of plastic waste (HDPE, ABS, and POM) into equivalent granules. The binder to water ratio was 1, and plastic waste was combined with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 by weight. Concrete sample cube with dimensions of 10 x 10 x 10 cm were used. The compressive strength was investigated at 14 and 28 days. A water absorption test was studied at 28 days. The results showed that the mixing of granulated plastic waste in larger quantities resulted in a decrease in density and compressive strength. At the same time, moisture and water absorption tended to be increased. The properties obtained make it suitable for producing small and large plant pots for use in the next entrepreneur's CSR
The Study Properties of Polishing Stone Value from The Source of Aggregate Materials Used in Asphalt Concrete Pavement
At present, more than 80% of vehicles in Thailand travel on asphalt concrete pavement. The design of asphalt concrete pavement construction is an important process. Because many factors must be considered such as traffic volume, load weight, service life, etc. Therefore, the selection of construction materials is an important step that must be considered first in passing the qualification tests to various standards. Because the properties of the material directly affect the service life and deterioration of the pavement. Polishing Stone Value (PSV) is a test to assess the abrasion wear of pavement aggregates according to ASTM E303 and BS812-114. The test begins with the selection of aggregates from various sources. to put in a pattern and put it into the Accelerated Polishing Machine, then start testing. The aggregate is abrasive with rubber wheels in combination with coarse abrasives and fine abrasives. When the test time is over, take it to the test again with the British Pendulum Tester, the reading will be PSV. For this research, the research team selected 10 aggregates in Thailand. The selected aggregates were divided into 3 types: limestone, basalt and granite. The size of the aggregate used in the test was 3/8”. The results showed that basalt had the highest abrasion resistance. followed by granite and limestone, respectively.
Effect of Coconut Fiber on Strengths of Mortar Mixed with Palm Oil Fuel Ash
This paper studied the influence of coconut fiber on strengths of mortar mixed with palm oil fuel ash. The sand/ binder ratios (S/B) of 50:50, 70:30 and 90:10, cement/palm oil fuel ash ratios (C/POFA) of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30, and coconut fiber contents (CF) of 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7% by binder weight were used. The 7-day compressive and flexural strengths of mortar mixed with POFA and CF were evaluated. It can be seen that S/B ratio, C/POFA ratio, and CF content affected the 7-day compressive and flexural strengths of sample Due to the increase in the hydration reaction. The optimal ingredient of sample was S/B ratio of 50/50, C/POFA ratio of 90/10, and CF content of 1%.
โชคชัย ขอมอบกลาง
เชิดศักดิ์ สุขศิริพัฒนพงศ์
เสริมศักดิ์ ติยะแสงทอง
Compressive and Flexural Strengths of Biomass Ash Geopolymer Mortar
This research studied the unit weight and compressive strength of biomass ash geopolymer mortar. Biomass ash is a byproduct of a power plant in Songkhla province. This research used the sand to biomass ash to Portland cement ratios of 50:50:0, 50:45:5, 50:40:10, 500:35:15, 50:30:20, 50:25:25 and 50:20:30, sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) to sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ratio of 70:30, and NaOH concentration of 8 molar. The unit weight and compressive strength of biomass ash geopolymer mortar sample were investigated at curing time of 7 days. The test results showed that the unit weight of biomass ash geopolymer mortar increased as cement content increased. The maximum compressive strength of the biomass ash geopolymer mortar sample was 340 ksc at the sand to biomass ash to Portland cement ratios of 50:25:25.
Study of Fiber Cement Board Containing Coconut Coir for Using in Construction Works
The purpose of research is to study the proper mixture using coconut coir as an ingredient in fiber cement board production. Use coconut coir which is agricultural waste product for using in construction works. Using assorted coconut coir length at 5, 10 and 15 millimeters at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5% and 20% by weight of cement. Determine the ratio of Portland cement type 1: sand: water as 1: 1: 0.5 by weight, respectively. The physical and mechanical properties test based on TIS1427-2561 standard on the fiber cement sheets: flat sheets. From the test results of fiber cement board mixed with coconut fibers, it was found that the fiber percentages at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5% and 20% had flexural strength at 1.52, 4.17, 5.14, 5.04, 5.05, 4.07, 4.67, 2.03, and 0.45 Megapascal at 28 days, respectively. This result also demonstrated that the use of coconut coir with mingling length 5-10 millimeters at a higher rate of 15% could be produced the fiber cement board which met requirement of TIS 1427-2561 in terms of the flexural strength of 4 Megapascal.
กฤติยา อ่องวุฒิวัฒน์
Development of Natural Rubber Mixed the Carbon Black for the Green Flooring Product
This study aims to the development of natural rubber mixed the carbon black for the green flooring Product by compression molding and to study the effectiveness of the green flooring product. The materials for green flooring products include natural rubber 1 kg, carbon black from plastic waste 3.30 and 23.30 phr, nano zinc oxide particles 5 phr, formic acid 80 ml, sulfur 5 phr and stone flakes. The experimental method, forming the natural rubber and mixed, baking at 60 0 C for 25 hours and compression molding with hydraulic pressing at 120 0 C for 1 hour, physical inspections and mechanical properties testing. The results showed the green flooring product physically following TIS 2377-2559, the bending strength was 4.824 and 5.760 MPa, tensile strength was 188.33 and 234.33 MPa, the hardness of the green flooring products following TIS 2377-2559 and water absorption following TIS 387-2531. Green flooring product properties for outdoor flooring because they have a medium hardness value, bending resistance and high flexibility.
วสวัตติ์ เหมือนขาว
Study the Mechanical Properties and Metallurgical of Structural Steel SS400 Weld Metal
This research was made for the investigation of mechanical properties and metallurgical of structural steel SS400 weld metal by shielded metal arc welding process, mig/mag welding process and flux core arc welding process. Structural steel SS 400 was as work products prepared following standard of AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2006. The metallurgical structure was inspected, mechanical property. The results showed that welding weld metal from 3 processes gives the most value of tensile strength are different. The flux core arc welding process to tensile strength is 680.86. MPa and the maximum hardness equal 198.3 HV, the shielded metal arc welding processes to tensile strength is 565.02 MPa and the minimum hardness at 183.4 HV. The results process of welding by flux core arc welding processes the result of a suitable structural steel SS400 welding and the use in the selections of the welding process for the most usability efficiently.
The compressive strength of the mortar when adding cement after setting
This paper is a comparative study of the compressive strength of ordinary Portland cement mortar, standard size of 5 × 5 × 5 cm. Compared to the normal setting time of the mortar by increasing the cement content after setting was 45 min. The testing results of the mortar at 28 days when adding 5 %, 7 %, and 9 % by weight of cement found that the compressive strength of the mortar reduced was 27.92 %, 45.82 %, and 38.67 %, respectively. Which the compressive strength of mortar tends to decrease with increasing of the cement content added
Recycling of rice straw from agricultural waste as aggregates in the production of lightweight interlocking bricks
Massive amount of rice straw has been leaving over after harvesting every year. Burning is the simplest way for farmer to dispose those rice straws and causing an air pollution and PM 2.5 during the post-harvest season. Therefore, utilizing those straw as a part of construction material (block) could reduce that environmental impact. The study of using rice straw waste in the production of cement block, by the interlocking block technique, was thus investigated. It was found that the compressive strength of saturated surface dry condition (SSD) of the straw had a better property than that of as-received condition (AR) due to a more flexible movement and more sufficient water content for its internal curing. The water-cement mixture ratio suitable for using rice straw in the cement block bricks was 0.30 and the straw content was 2% by weight. This approach could be an environmentally friendly solution to promote the massive bio-based wastes onwards.
กัญจน์อมล ทองเชื้อ
Development of a Mixture of Lightweight Cell Crete with Hydraulic Cement for Green Roof Construction in Thailand
Green roofs are still not widely known in Thailand. It is caused by the complicated construction process, the need of imported materials, and the higher cost compared to conventional roofs. Green roofs are considered a new alternative due to their ability to reduce power usage, noise, air pollution. develop an urban ecosystem, and so on. Thus, the researcher is interested in using lightweight cell crete (LCC) as a load structural material to support the weight of the soil used to grow plants, since the lightweight cell crete has the following properties: strength, resistance to heat, waterproofness, soundproofness, and light weight. Moreover, the construction cost will be more affordable. The purpose of this study is to determine lightweight cell crete for applying on green roof. The density of lightweight cell crete is set range 600 – 1,800 kg/m3. The result found that the properties of lightweight cell crete 1,200 and 1,400 kg/m3 meets the standard to substitute the normal concrete. In addition, the researcher put the green roof with lightweight cell crete structure to the test in actual site and found that it can contribute to the increase of green space in urban life. The cost of construction was reduced, as was the temperature inside the building. It is advantageous for Thailand's green roo industry.
Compressive strength of foam geopolymer made from fly ash and aluminum powder
This paper examines the compressive strength of foam geopolymer made from fly ash and aluminum powder at 0, 0.4 %, 0.8 % and 1.0 % by mass of the fly ash. The 5 mole of sodium hydroxide alkali was used to stimulate the geopolymers. A liquid-to-fly ash mass ratio (L/FA) of 0.5 was used for all mixes. Foam geopolymer were oven drying at 55 °C, 60 °C, 65 °C, 70 °C, and 75 °C for 24 h. The foam geopolymer with a dry unitweight of approximately 1,700 – 1,800 kg/m3 was mixed with the aluminum powder of 0.4 - 1.0 % w/w. The testing results found that the compressive strengths were between 2.01 MPa and 6.6 MPa, which the compressive strength increased as drying temperature increased from 55 °C to 60 °C. The water absorptions were between 10 % and 21 % by weight, which the water absorption rate increased as the dry unitweight decreased
Strength properties, chloride resistance and surface electrical resistivity of concrete reinforced with metalized plastic fiber
This paper aims to study the use of metalized plastic waste as fiber in concrete. Hydraulic cement was used as the main binder and water to binder ratio of 0.40 was kept for all mixtures. The metalized plastic fiber at contents of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% by volume of concrete and the length of fiber of 20 and 40 mm were studied. The width of the fiber was 2 mm. The concrete samples were casted for testing the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete at 7, 28, and 56 days of water curing time. The bulk chloride diffusion and surface electrical resistivity of concrete were also investigated. From the study, it was found that the use of metalized plastic fiber resulted in a decrease in compressive strength compared to control concrete without metalized plastic fiber. Concrete with metalized plastic fiber at a content of 0.5% had the highest splitting tensile strength and flexural strength. While, concrete with metalized plastic fiber at a content of 1.0% had the lowest chloride penetration and the highest surface electrical resistivity.
The Study on the Improvement in Cementitious Properties of Water Treatment Residue and Bottom Ash by Geopolymerization and Autoclave
This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility in using water treatment sludge (WTS) and bottom ash (BA) from incineration plant as substituted cementitious materials at 10 and 20 percentages by weight of Portland cement (OPC). The pozzolanic reaction between WTS and BA slightly occurred at 28 curing period with normal curing conditions. WTS, BA and their mixtures, sources of aluminosilicate compounds, were precursors in producing geopolymer with alkaline solution of 10 M sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and 15 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH). BA was more reactive in polymerization than WTS because of an amorphous structure. In addition, autoclaving at 210 °C and 2 MPa for 3 hours caused the blended cement and autoclaved BA mortar reaching the minimum 75 percentages of compression strength of pure OPC mortar since the 7 days of curing period whereas autoclaving WTS was not an effective pretreatment for the improvement in cementitious properties .
Effect of bonding agent between concrete and repair materials on time of initial cracking due to corrosion of the reinforcement
This article focuses on examining of behavior of cracks due to corrosion of rebar and comparing performance of the bonding agent between concrete and repair material affecting the initial corrosion cracking time due to reinforcement corrosion. Simulated repair of reinforced concrete structures and testing the accelerated corrosion reaction were conducted. Repair mortar was used as the repair materials and latex and epoxy were used as the bonding agent. The behavior of cracks due to corrosion of the reinforcing steel of the tested samples gave different results. Comparing the performance of the bonding agent, it was found that the samples cast with the repair mortar and the epoxy-bonding agent had the slowest initial cracking time. The next one was the sample cast with a whole specimen of repair mortar material, followed by the samples cast with repair mortar material with latex bonding agent respectiely. The samples cast with repair mortar material without bonding agent have the fastest initial cracking time.
Strength and abrasion resistance of concrete using plastic waste as partially fine aggregate replacement
This research aims to study the effect of plastic waste as a partial fine aggregate replacement on compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength and abrasion resistance of concrete. There were three types of plastic waste aggregate; polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Fine aggregate was partially replaced by plastic waste aggregate was at 10%, 20% and 30% by volume of fine aggregate. The water to binder ratio of 0.50 was used. The compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength and abrasion of concrete were evaluated. The study results found that concrete using plastic wastes (PVC, PP and PET) as partial fine aggregate replacement had lower compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength than control concrete, but had higher the abrasion than control concrete with natural aggregate. An increase in fine aggregate replacement content with plastic waste decreased compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength; conversely, it increased abrasion resistance.
Influences of Coating Materials on Reinforcement Corrosion-induced Cover Cracking Time
Several methods prevent damage to concrete structures from corrosion of reinforcement in new structures. One of the most common methods recommended by the ACI (American Concrete Institute) is to coat the steel reinforcement to keep the structure protected from the start of construction. In this study, the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete were tested. Test for the influence of adhesion of reinforcing steel and corrosion accelerated testing to determine the initial cracking time of concrete samples in 4 types of reinforcement coatings, namely 1) epoxy 2) zinc rich 3) latex slurry cement and 4) uncoated were conducted. The concrete samples had an average compressive strength of approximately 250 kg/cm2 and an average modulus of elasticity approximately 240,400 kg/cm2. For test of bond between reinforcement and concrete, the sample without a coating had the best bond between reinforcement and concrete. It was found that Latex slurry cement coating can prevent corrosion of reinforcing steel in new structures better than other steel reinforcement coatings.
วิษณุ สุวรรณมาโจ
The properties of asphalt cement with different proportions of natural rubber for quality improvement
This research present engineering properties of asphaltic concrete improved with natural rubber, natural rubber latex to improve the properties of asphalt concrete. The use of natural rubber latex helps to promote the use of natural rubber raw materials in the country, which is a way to increase the use of para rubber according to the government's policy. In general, natural rubber latex properties can help improve asphalt concrete pavement flexibility and strength. It also increases the service life and uses less asphalt cement in the mixture. The objective of this research was to study the engineering behavior of asphalt cement AC 60/70 to improved binder material with natural rubber latex. The different proportions of natural rubber were used with the addition of 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 percent natural rubber by weight. The penetration test, softening point test, flash point and ignition point test and Ductility test were determined. The results showed that when the amount of natural rubber latex in the mixture increased will make the penetration lower. The value of the softening point increases, less warp point and ignition point and ductility decreases.
วรมิญช์ พันธุรัตน์
วชิรกรณ์ เสนาวัง
Compressive strength and thermal conductivity of mortar containing partial replacement of fine aggregate by bottom ash
This paper aims to study the effect of bottom ash and fly ash on the compressive strength and thermal conductivity of mortar. The porosity and density of mortar were also investigated. The replacement of fine aggregate by bottom ash was at 10 and 30% by volume of fine aggregate. The replacement of binder with fly ash was at 30 and 50% by weight of the binder. The water to binder ratio was kept at 0.40. From the experimental results, it was noted that mortar with bottom ash and mortar with fly ash had lower thermal conductivity than controlled mortar and had higher porosity and lower density. By considering at 56 days of curing time, it was found that mortar containing 10% replacement of fine aggregate by bottom ash and 30% replacement of binder by fly ash had the highest compressive strength and the lowest porosity, while mortar containing 30% replacement of fine aggregate by bottom ash and 50% replacement of binder by fly ash had the lowest thermal conductivity.
ธัญญารัตน์ ดุษดี
Flowability and Compressive Strength of Controlled Low-Strength Material Made from Plastic Bottle cap Waste as Fine Aggregate Replacement
Nowadays, an increasing of single-used plastic waste amount becomes one of serious environmental issues. This research aims to investigate the mechanical properties of controlled low-strength material (CLSM) made from plastic bottle cap waste. Plastic bottle cap waste was used as fine aggregate replacement at 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% by volume of fine aggregate. Raw materials used in CLSM consisted of cement, fly ash, water, natural sand, and plastic bottle cap waste. The experimental program includes flow test and unconfined compression test at curing time of 7, 14, and 28 days. The test results show that slump flow and unconfined compressive strength of CLSM mixes decreased with the increase in the plastic replacement content. However, mixtures with 30%, 40%, and 50% of plastic waste can still satisfy with the strength criteria of CLSM for using as pavement base material.
ชญานิษฐ์ ปัญญสุทธิ์
พิชชา จองวิวัฒสกุล
สุเชษฐ์ ลิขิตเลอสรวง
Investigation of healing performance on pre-damaged mortar specimens using MICP bacterial vegetative cell
This study aims to investigate the healing performance of cracked mortars using bacterial vegetative cell. Cylindrical samples of mortar with diameter of 100 mm and depth of 50 mm were prepared. Cracks were induced by a compression machine with crack widths of ≤175 µm and 175-350 µm. Crack healing procedures were conducted by dropping the Bacillus sphaericus bacterial vegetative cell and nutrient to the crack. Bacteria-to-nutrient ratios of 20:500 µL and 40:1000 µL were applied each day. Cracked specimens were repaired for 7 cycles under the wet-dry cycle condition. Then, the healing ratio was determined by measuring crack width using microscope. The results show that healing ratios of crack width of ≤175 µm healed by bacteria-to-nutrient ratios of 20:500 µL and 40:1000 µL were 90.1% and 97.0%, respectively. On the other hand, healing ratio of crack width of 175-350 µm was 54.0% . Moreover, the results of healing ratios in every repairing cycle indicate that the cracks in all specimens were continuously repaired until 7 cycles and exhibited a tendency of further remediation.
Effect of bottom ash as a cement replacement and internal curing on mechanical and durability properties of high performance concrete
This article presents the effects of bottom ash as pozzolanic material to replace Portland cement at high level and as an internal curing material on mechanical and durability properties of high performance concrete. Bottom ash was sieved through a sieve No. 50 and ground to have high fineness (GBA). Then, it was used to replace OPC at a rate of 70% by weight of binder (70GBA). In addition, bottom ash passing a sieve No. 4 and retaining on a sieve No. 50 (SBA) was used as a fine aggregate replacement at rates of 25, 50 and 75% by volume of the fine aggregate in order to use as internal curing material in concrete under the different curing conditions i.e, curing in water and air. Slump flow, slump flow time at 50 cm (T50), compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, heat evolution, and chloride diffusion of high performance concrete were investigated. The results showed that the slump flow of concrete was decreased and T50 was increased with the increased of SBA. High performance concrete containing 70% of GBA and 50% of SBA had the compressive strength similar to that of the control concrete at all testing ages. The elastic modulus was decreased with the increased of SBA, while the chloride diffusion coefficient and chloride penetration ofconcrete were increased with the increased of SBA. The use of SBA at 50% and 75 % of the SBA could reduced the heat evolutionof high performance concrete by 5% and 15%, respectively that compared to the control concrete.
เจตนิพัทธ์ วงศ์อภัย
Combined effects of waste bagasse ash and glass powder on the physical properties and compressive strength of construction bricks
The present study focused on the physical properties and the compressive strength of fired clay bricks from combined waste bagasse ash (WBA) and glass powder (GP). Clay bricks were fabricated by incorporating WBA at 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt.% in clay mixture, while the constant GP powder was added to 10 wt.%. Green samples were then fired at 900, 1000, and 1100 oC. The influences of WBA and GP powder content on the physical properties and the compressive strength were determined. The results showed that an increase of WBA and GP powder content affected the improvement of the structural pores and compressive strength of the fired clay bricks. The fired clay brick should be required a compressive strength value of more than 17.2 MPa as per ASTM C62-13a, which was obtained in 10 wt.% WBA and GP content (17.85 MPa) after firing at 1100 oC. As a combined additive, the WBA and GP-powder could be imparted a synergistic effect in producing the sufficiently high strength fired clay brick. The use of wastes WAB and GP powder in manufacturing clay brick is an important step in reducing environmental pollution and protecting natural clay resources.
Development of Erosion Control Block Containing Waste Ash from Palm Oil for Promoting Natural Vegetation
This study focused on development of erosion control block containing waste ash (i.e., bottom or fly ash) from palm oil for preventing soil erosion and promoting natural vegetation. The erosion control block was successfully designed and produced for promoting natural vegetation. The influence of bottom ash or fly ash on compressive strength of erosion control block was investigated. The maximum compressive strength in this study, with the value of 27.7 MPa was found for the erosion control block containing bottom ash/dust stone at the amount of 24%. On the other hand, as for fly ash erosion control block, the reduction of compressive strength was found to increase with an increase in amount of fly ash. The maximum compressive strength, with the value of 26.2 MPa was found for the erosion control block containing fly ash/dust stone at the amount of 1.66%. The performance testing of erosion control block containing waste ash from palm oil for hydraulic stability in open channel flow was also investigated. The result revealed that erosion control block still remained in place and prevented soil erosion from the force of flowing water. Moreover, the vegetation naturally occurred on erosion control block containing waste ash from palm oil after one month testing.
Compressive strength and thermal conductivity of concrete containing biochar and porous aggregate
This research aims to study the compressive strength and thermal conductivity of concrete containing rice husk biochar (RB), expanded clay aggregate (CA), and a combination of both RB and CA. Effect of replacement percentage of biochar with binder and porous aggregate by coarse aggregate were investigated. Biochar was prepared by pyrolyzing in a furnace with a temperature of 550°C in steady-state for 8 hours. Water to cement binder was 0.50. The replacement percentage of biochar were 1%, 3%, and 5% by weight of the binder. The replacement of expanded clay aggregates was 50% by volume of coarse aggregate. The test results illustrated that the specimen containing 1% of biochar replacement showed the highest compressive strength as well as the optimum amount of the biochar replacement with the binder. However, the compressive strength of the concrete decreased with the presence of expanded clay aggregate. The concrete containing biochar and expanded clay aggregate improved the thermal properties when compared with controlled concrete.
Compressive Strength of Lightweight Concrete Block Prism Strengthened with Ferrocement and Expanded Metal
This research article presents the compressive strength of lightweight concrete block prism strengthened with ferrocement and expanded metal for improving the lateral strength due to earthquake load. The expanded metal No.22, No.23 XS31, XS32 with 4 types of different specific surface of reinforcement and 1 type of the square wire mesh were employed. Two types of the connection methods between the mesh and the prism were compared, i.e., a) screw and b) bolt-nut. The preparation of specimens and the method of test were conducted according to the standard test method for compressive strength of masonry prisms. It was found that the compressive strength of prism strengthened with expanded metal was 56% greater than that of the square wire mesh when they were compared with the same specific surface of reinforcement. This is due to the tensile strength of expanded metal is higher than that of the square wire mesh. For the effect of connection method, the bolt-nut method provided the greater compressive strength than that of the screw method due to the loosen and ejection of the screw. Therefore, the bolt-nut method of connection enhances the efficiency of the concrete block prism strength which is better than the screw method.
รองศาสตราจารย์ ดร. มัลลิกา ปัญญาคะโป
Innovation for Environment from Nipa Plam to Cement FloorGuidelines to Make a
A study and research project for application of the products from cement slab materials to solve the problem of leaves from left overs causing pollution to the Bang Kobua community in Samut Prakan Province. In this study, leaves from waste leaves and leaves were added to the cement to reduce production costs and reduce the amount of leaf waste that caused problems in those areas. In the experimenting and testing for design of the mix ratio of leaf fractions from suitable mixes in cement slabs to achieve industry standard strength. Also we have used green from the leaves and brown from the leaves to make the color of the slab to be beautiful and add value from the cement slab product as well. The testing results for the compressive strength according to the test standard of cement slab. It was found that the optimum leaf ratio should be approximately 3 percent to 5 percent of the mixed sand displacement per unit weight. It can provide good strength and durability. The staining from leaves and leaves make the cement slab products look beautiful can reduce the cost of using powder paint which has a higher price. Therefore, the study of environmental measurement for products from cement slabs thus creating sustainability for the creative environment.
Study the mechanical and physical properties of Concrete Block Containing Apple Golden snail shell and Para Rubber Latex
The objective of this research was to study the using of Para rubber latex (NA) and crushed Apple golden snail shell instead of Portland cement type 1. To produce concrete and brick blocks according to TIS 58-2533. The non-weight bearing concrete block in the ratio of 5 and 10 of binder percentage by weight and latex per cement with 0.05 and 0.10 of cement by weight. The compressive strength tests were performed at curing ages of 7, 14 and 28 days for test the unit weight and the water absorption value. The result showed that NA10AS0, NA5AS10, NA10AS5 and NA10AS10 could not be molded into concrete blocks. The Apple golden snail shell mixture ratio was inversely proportional to the compressive strength of interlocking bricks, with the compressive strength of 28 NA5AS0 and NA10AS0 decreased by 52.07 and 59.55 percent, respectively. The ratio of Para rubber latex NA0AS5 decreased by 34.30, the ratio of Apple golden snail shell and Para rubber latex NA5AS5 decreased by 84.30 percent. Additionally, the unit weight of Apple golden snail shell concrete blocks NA0AS5, NA0AS10, NA5AS0 and NA5AS5 is 1187-1,607 kg/m³, and the weight unit of the block is directly proportional to the Apple golden snail shell mix ratio. While the Para rubber latex NA5AS0 and Apple golden snail shell slightly increase the weight unit. As for the water absorption percentage of NA0AS5, NA0AS10, NA5AS0 and NA5AS5, the water absorption is 6.52-8.20 percent. An absorption is directly proportional to the Apple golden snail shell ratio and inversely proportional to the Para rubber latex ratio NA5AS5. The water absorption was 7.19, which is between NA0AS5 and NA5AS0.
ดร.อนุจิตร ภูมิพันธ์
High-Strength Concrete Using Recycled Aggregate Through Carbonation Treatment.
This research aims to investigate the compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and drying shrinkage of high-strength concrete using cement and fly ash as a binder at a ratio of 75:25 by weigh. Natural coarse aggregate (NCA) was replaced by recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) which improved its physical properties by carbonation process. There were 3 ways to enhance RCA as follows: 1.) recycled coarse aggregate was directly cured by (RC), 2.) recycled coarse aggregate was soaked in calcium carbide solution and then cured with (RCC), and 3.) recycled coarse aggregate was soaked in calcium carbide solution mixed with fly ash and cured with (RCCF). Aggregates from these methods were cured with at the ages of 1, 3 and 7 days. RCA having the best physical properties from each method was used as a coarse aggregate in the concrete. The results showed that the three methods had potential for improving RCA from curing period of 1 day whereas the curing period of 7 days exhibited the best physical properties. It is noted that RCCF method was the best process to enhance properties of RCA. The compressive strength of concrete containing treated RCA (RC, RCC and RCCF methods) at 28 days was higher than that of concrete containing untreated RCA by 6, 12 and 14% and the elastic modulus was increased by 2, 5, and 9%, respectively. Additionally, the drying shrinkage of concrete was reduced with the use of carbonation-enhanced RCA aggregates.
Study on Self-healing Mortar Using Microbial Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation Process
This study presents the self-healing cracked mortar by applying a microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation process. First, find the suitable cultivation conditions of 5 pure bacteria strains from the Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), i.e., Bacillus thuringiensis TISTR 126, Bacillus megaterium TISTR 067, Bacillus sp. TISTR 658, Proteus mirabilis TISTR 100, and Staphylococcus aureus TISTR 118. From the results, Bacillus thuringiensis TISTR 126 is promising to be the selected strain in the amount of calcium carbonate crystals, high urease activity, and nonpathogenic. The mortar specimens were precracked by a thin plastic sheet to prepare a 0.2 mm narrow crack width. A pre-cracked sample was treated by injecting buffer solution, bacterial suspended solution, and calcium chloride solution, respectively, directly daily into the crack for 28 days. The observation of crack width has been performed before injection of the solution and after 28 days of treatment, mortar samples were performed for the compressive strength and water absorption test. The results are shown in the case of a relationship between treatment days and tested results.
สทารัชว์ เพียรเฟื่องฟู
Influences of Calcium Stearate on Compressive Strength and Water Absorption of Hydrophobic Mortar
This article presents influence of calcium stearate (CS) which is the water-repellent admixture on compressive strength, water absorption, and surface contact angle of mortar. The CS contents used in mortar are varied in range of 0-15 percent by weight of binder. The obtained results indicated that the increasing of CS content resulted in the decreasing of compressive strength of mortar. The compressive strength at 28 days of mortar with CS at 5 and 15 percent by weight are reduced approximately 11 and 30 percent as compared with the control mortar (CT-CS0). While that of the water absorption of mortar mixed with CS at 9 percent (CT-CS9) is reduced about 90 percent as compared with CT-CS0. Moreover, surface contact angle of CT-CS9 is also more than 90 degrees which is classified as the hydrophobic characteristic.
Stabilization of Recycle Concrete with Hydraulic Cement for Pavement Materials
The aim of this research to study the unconfined compressive strength of recycle concrete stabilized with hydraulic cement for road construction materials, recycle concrete blended follow on grainsize distribution test. The very of hydraulic cement is 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% by weight, and modified proctor test to optimized water content, curing at room temperature at 7 and 14 days the samples taken to soak for 2 hours prior to testing unconfined compressive strength. The result was found the optimization water content was 12%, unconfined compressive strength increase are cured periods. The maximum unconfined compressive strength of hydraulic cement 5% and curing 14 days was 49 ksc, and optimized of hydraulic cement was 2.5% for subbase design according to standard, DH – S 204/2556 Department of highway, Thailand. Possible to reused recycle concrete stabilized with hydraulic cement in subbase course materials.
กมลวรรณ วงษ์ขันธ์
Influence of Superabsorbent Polymer and Microencapsulated Bacterial Spore on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Mortar Mixture
This study investigates physical and mechanical properties of cement mortar incorporated with superabsorbent polymer (SAP) and microencapsulated bacterial spore for microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) as additives. The contents of microencapsulated bacterial spore were varied at 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0% by weight of cement. The SAP content was controlled at 4% by weight of cement. The flowabilities of mortars madewith SAP and microencapsulated bacterial spore achieve a minimum allowable value in accordance with ASTM C109M. The specimen with 0.25% of the microencapsulated bacterial spore and 4% of SAP exhibits the compressive strength at 28 days equivalent to specimen solely mixed with either SAP or the microencapsulated bacterial spore. The results show that the combined effects of SAP and microencapsulated bacterial spore can proof the effectiveness of maintaining physical and mechanical properties in mortar. Therefore, the utilization of the SAP and the microencapsulated bacterial sporein cement mortar potentially allows development of mix proportions for selfhealing application without interference to mechanical properties.
ณัฏฐชัย ทรัพย์วิไล
Study of Mechanical Properties for Masonry Produced Using Hemp Shive and Lime in the form of Interlocking Blocks
This objective of this article was to present a production method for masonry that uses hemp shiv, lime and water as the composition for interlocking blocks. The aim was to identify the best condition for substituting lime with hemp shiv as much as possible in order to develop energy efficient construction material. The tests performed included water absorption, dry density test, and compressive test according to the TIS109-2517. Comparisons were made for samples containing hemp at 100, 200, 300, and 400 grams per block or from 2.86 – 26.67 per cent alternative material per block. It was found that the use of lime as the binding material for hemp shiv resulted with interlocking blocks with good physical appearance. However, there are limitations on strength and water absorption properties. All of the conditions tested resulted with a compressive strength of less than 0.5 MPa and the water absorption test was not able to be carried out. The results of this research indicated that for the production of interlocking hempcrete blocks using only lime as the binding material had limitations on its strength and can not be used in construction work. Cement is still required as binding material for this purpose.
A Study on Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Bag Mixed Natural Rubber Latex
This research objective is to study the mechanical properties of composite materials reinforced with Natural Fiber Bag Mixed Natural Rubber Latex in a general environment. By mixing the fresh latex and the fermented fruit juice from Nong Bua Subdistrict, Ban Khai District, Rayong Province, the mixed material is organic, friendly, and 100% natural while being capable of preventing the erosion of the bank. The investigation operated by mixing fresh latex with the fermented fruit juice at the ratio of 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 8 0:20 by weight, then coordinated with the natural fiber bag and kept its shape by three different methods. The first method is letting it dry in the normal air. The second and third methods were baking in the hot air oven at 60 and 100 degrees Celsius for 60 minutes, respectively. Then, the investigation examined the specimens for tensile strength. The molded natural rubber, composite material, and water permeability coefficient were referred to as the standard of ASTM D412, ASTM D3039, ASTM D5084, and ASTM D5856, respectively. The results of the tensile strength test of molded natural rubber showed that all ratios had similar tensile strength. Differently, the stretching of the molded rubber with the 90:10 by weight proportion gave the best outcome, followed by specimens with ratios of 95:5, 85:15, 100:0 and 80:20 by weight respectively. As for composite materials, the stretching rate was similar. But the difference was that the tensile force ratio of 95:5 by weight gave the most tensile strength, followed by specimens with ratios of 85:15, 90:10, 100:0 and 80:20 by weight respectively. When considering the tensile strength from rubber quality improvement, the investigation found that the hot air treatment at 60 degrees Celsius for 60 minutes provided the highest result, followed by the workpiece that was heated at 100 degrees Celsius for 60 min and dried naturally to the lowest tensile strength, respectively. As for the water permeability coefficient, the investigation found that every ratio had a very low coefficient of water permeability or impermeability.
อริสมันต์ แสงธงทอง
Gypsum Ceiling Panel containing Palm Bunch Fiber for Heat Protection
The aim of this research is to test for the heat protection property of the Gypsum ceiling panel containing palm bunch fiber from oil palm Biodiesel industrial waste product. Study the use of palm bunch fiber as ceiling panels. Determine the ratio of gypsum plaster per tap water equal to 1:0.7 and replace palm bunch fiber at dosages 0, 3, 4, and 5% by weight of binder. The specimens were cast in 30 x 30 x 1 centimeter and 40 x 30 x 1 centimeter in dimension. Test the specimens in accordance with TIS 219-2552 at 7 and 14 days. The test results show that the ceiling which contain more palm bunch fiber, has good longitudinal pressure, transverse pressure and thermal insulation performance. However, the test of the ceiling specimen at palm bunch fiber dosage 4 % are suitable palm bunch fiber replacement. Because it has highest longitudinal and transverse pressure. Moreover, there is an inverse relationship between heat protection and palm bunch fiber replacement dose. The ceiling panel which contains 5% of oil palm bunch fiber has highest heat protection property, but it still needs more development in the future.
Improving the Mechanical Properties of Interlocking Blocks Using Bio-waste materials
The objective of this research aimed to reduce the weight of interlocking blocks using bio-waste materials and condition them to reach the properties according to the TCPS 602/2547 standard for non-load baring interlocking blocks and further develop them as energy efficient construction material. The research methodology began with producing soil-cement interlocking blocks using Type 1 Portland cement and water then adding 5 types of bio-waste materials including paper, coconut coir dust, straw, husk and fine husk into the mixture for the experiment. The properties of the interlocking blocks were tested according to TIS 109-2517 which includes water absorption, dry density and compressive strength. Research results found the formula for interlocking block improved with fine husk and the ratio by weight between Portland Cement Type 1: soil: fine husk of 1:2:0.5 at the moisture content of 14.29% resulted in interlocking blocks with the standard properties for non-load baring interlocking blocks. The resultant interlocking block produced has the compressive strength of 3.6 MPa, absorption capacity of 245 kg/m3, dry density of 1,286 kg/m3 and weighs 27.06% less. The result of the research concluded that improving interlocking blocks with fine husk produced light weight blocks with proper engineering properties according to standard criteria and therefore further development of the material as energy efficient construction material was appropriate.
สุดนิรันดร์ เพชรัตน์
รุ่งอรุณ บุญถ่าน
รุ่งโรจน์ รุ่งโรจน์
Effect of polyethylene glycol concentrations on compressive strength of concrete
This research examined the compressive strength of polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified concrete using polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 percent strength. The compressive strength of the controlled concrete is 320 ksc according to the standards of the Department of Highways. This study tested the compressive strength of concrete modified with polyethylene glycol at 7 and 28 days curing. The collapse values ​​when PEG were applied yielded the collapse values ​​of 3, 3, 5.5, 6 and 12 cm, and the concentrations were 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10%, respectively, and the concrete weight unit at 28 days and the concentration. The values ​​of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% of PEG material were 2446, 2448, 2363, 2405 and 2328 kg/m3, respectively. Concrete at 7 days of age and concentrations were 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10. % of PEG material were 304, 254, 227, 211, 180 ksc, respectively, and concrete at 28 days was 432, 321, 292, 212 and 196 ksc, respectively.
ณัชพล บุญเรืองศรี
Study on Efficiency of Spiral Fiber from Aseptic Carton Waste for Cement-Bonded Composite Board
This research aims to investigate the efficiency of spiral fiber from aseptic carton waste for cement-bonded composite board. The mechanical, and physical properties of aseptic carton waste cement boards (ACWCB) developed were studied. The ACWCB were produced at density of 1,000 kg/m3. The cement-to-fibers ratios by weight of 80:20 and 70:30 were prepared at the same water-to-cement ratio of 0.6.The size of ACWCB is 30 cm in width x 30 cm in length and 2 cm in height. The mechanical and physical properties were evaluated namely, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS). Based on the result obtained, it can be summarized that the optimum cement-to-fiber ratio was found to be 70:30 with two spiral fibers.
ปิยรัตน์ เปาเล้ง
The Strength of Concrete with Rubber Wood Ash for Prefabricated Structure
This research is focused on strength studies of concrete in terms of compressive, flexural, and tensile strength. In the current study, the rubber wood fly ash was used as a partial replacement for cement at the level of 10, 20, 30, and 40 percent by weight of the binder, and plastic waste aggregate was also used as a substitution for natural aggregates with 25 percent by volume of the total volume of the mixtures. The water by binder ratio was 0.5 and type F of superplasticizer was used for controlling slump and workability of concrete. The test of compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength were followed by ASTM C 39, ASTM C 78 and ASTM C 496, respectively. The study reveals that the content the amount of rubber wood fly ash decreased the unit weight of concrete. There were in the range of 2,100 – 2,200 kg/m3. The compressive, flexural, and tensile strength of concreteat the curing age of 28 days were reduced as an increase in rubber wood fly ash content. The concrete mixture, although, with 20 percent of rubber wood fly ash presented the compressive strength value of 209 ksc which is in line with the design criteria of the department of public works and town & country planning of Thailand for concrete of prefabricated structures.
ทวีศักดิ์ ทองขวัญ
Stamped cement mortar flooring tile mixed with sea-sand
This research aims to study the use of sea sand for stamped cement mortar. The mixture ratios of cement by sea sand were 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, and 70:30 by weight and water-cement ratios (w/c) is 0.40. The mechanical properties were tested under compressive strength at the curing age of 28 days. The test results showed that the mixture 70:30 presented the highest compressive strength with 49.35 MPa followed by the mixture 60:40 with the value of 47.32 MPa. The mixture 30:70 was obtained with the lowest compressive strength of 28.45 MPa. The quality inspection exposed that the best beautiful surface of cement mortar flooring tile mixed with sea sand is the mixture 60:40 followed by 50:50 and 30:70, respectively. Further, the tested results of water absorption and flexural bending strength of cement mortar mixtures found that there is only a mixture 50:50 having values over the benchmark of TIS 826-2531. This mixture is the best suitable mixture for use in stamped cement mortar flooring tile.
A Study on the Effects of Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) on the Internal Curing Material of Self-compacting Concrete
This article presents the application of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) in self-compacting concrete using ground bottom ash as a cement replacement at 70% by weight of binder. In this study, SAP having particle sizes of 300-800 microns and absorption capability of 220 g/g was used as an internal curing material. Mixing method, SAP contents, and absorption capability of SAP in water and Ca(OH)2 solution were determined. The compressive strength and crack-healing of mortar and concrete containing SAP were investigated. The results found that the compressive strength of mortars containing SAP was decreased with the increased SAP content. However, the use of SAP absorbed calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) solution gave a positive results in terms of compressive strength as compared with mortar containing SAP absorbed tap water. In addition, SAP was able to heal up to 97% of micro-cracks within 8 days and can heal the crack completely within 28 days based on analysis of water flow through the cracks under continuous immersion conditions after it being created.
Thermal insulation bamboo weaving sheet from wood sawdust/natural rubber composites
The objective of this research was to study the production in thermal insulation bamboo weaving sheet from wood sawdust/natural rubber composites, which the combined sawdust rubber wood and latex next to covering the bamboo sheets, on the top and back side as sandwiched. The latex was reinforced between sawdust rubber wood, and bamboo sheet. The sheet dimension was 30x30x1 cm by compression molding. The ration of composites (latex: sawdust rubber wood) composed 5 ratios: RS20 (20: 100) RS24 (24: 100) RS28 (28: 100) RS32 (32: 100), and RS36 (36: 100) were studied. The results showed that the RS28, RS32, and RS24 showed the maximum force loading capacity 3,724 N 3,128 N and 3,112 N respectively. While, the RS32 RS36 and RS24 presented swelling in thickness after immersion in water of 7.15 6.82 and 6.76 respectively. The thermal properties showed that thermal conductivity of RS20 (0.076 w/m·k), RS28 (0.077 w/m·k) and RS36 (0.077 w/m·k). As, thermal resistance of 0.166 m2.K /W, 0.174 m2.K/W, and 0.172 m2.K /W, respectively. It was found that 3 ratio of thermal insulation bamboo weaving sheet from wood sawdust/natural rubber composites passed JIS A 5908: 2003 Type 8 (Insulation Board) standard. From the research, the thermal insulation bamboo weaving sheet from wood sawdust/natural rubber composites, can be applied as a guideline for producing prototypes wall panels to produce environmentally friendly products. The production cost is 370 baht/m2
เปรมณัช ชุมพร้อม
Evaluation of Compressive Strength Using Recycled Asphalt Pavement as Coarse Aggregate
The compressive strength of concrete using coarse recycled asphalt pavement (coarse RAP) as coarse aggregate replacement at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 percent by weight are investigated in this paper. The compressive strengths of concrete are designed according to ACI 211.1 standard for 25 MPa 32 MPa and 40 MPa at 28 days of curing. The compressive strengths of concrete using coarse recycled asphalt pavement as aggregate are compared with those of similar concretes using natural aggregate. From the test results, it is found that the compressive strength of concrete using coarse RAP is dependent on the coarse RAP replacement in the mix proportions. The test results also indicated that there is a systematic reduction in the compressive strengths with the increase in coarse RAP content. In addition, the concrete using coarse RAP as coarse aggregate with different replacement ratios is compared with those of similar concrete using natural aggregate in order to propose the compressive strength prediction equation for concrete using coarse RAP as aggregate. The mathematical equation of the relationship between normalized compressive strength versus coarse RAP replacement ratios is presented. Finally, the proposed equations in this paper are compared with previous research.
ศิริวุฒิ อนุศาสนรักษ์
พงศ์ธาดา กาตาสาย
Quality Evaluation of Mon Brick Produced in Sanuk Group Province
This research has collected data of Mon brick produced in Sanuk Group Province. Thailand Industrial Standard (TIS 153-2540)and the Community Product Standard (601/2547) criteria have been applied to evaluate the quality of its products. Moreover, guidelines for product improvement/development have been proposed to lift the value of product and help Mon brick community and entrepreneur raise up their profit. According to the research results, the standard size of brick which produced from sample group is the main problem and need to be solved to fit on the criteria of size tolerance. Percentage of water absorption of all the brick sample groups are under 20% which is under the requirement. 2 out of 4 source of production places have passed compressive strength test criteria which above 7 MPa. These results bring into the 2 hints of how-to improvement/development the product by merely process changes.
Factors Affecting Subcontractors' Decision Making for Bidding: A Case Study of Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom and Mukdahan Provinces
This research aimed to the factors affecting the subcontractor's decision-making for bidding. Data were collected from 86 contractors in Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom and Mukdahan provinces. A total of 20 candidate factors were included in the questionnaires for gathering data. The Relative Importance Index (RII) was employed for ranking factors. The results indicated that the most important factors are 1) working capital, 2) current workload and 3) rate of return. The statistical test revealed that the opinions of contractors with different experiences and operating capital gave no different opinions on the issue of working capital and the rate of return. The study results are information for subcontractors to develop an efficient bidding decision system.
Improvement of construction stage efficiency using computer simulation for water drainage system
The present research aims to improve the efficiency of road drainage system construction. The research consists of onsite data collection from a housing estate with a total area of 174 rai in Ubonratchathani and computer modelling simulation. The onsite data comprises two main parts, which are 1) manhole production and 2) drainage system construction. Computer models are then generated and calibrated using a simulation program with the onsite data. After calibration, the computer models are then used to simulate and analyze various drainage system construction situations to improve the construction's efficiency eventually. It should be noted that the computer modelling is based on the assumption that increment of human resources and construction equipment is not applied. With the mentioned assumption, the computer simulation demonstrates the method to improve construction efficiencies, such as higher productivity with the same construction resource or less construction resource usage in the entire construction process. It was found from the computer simulation that, in producing 140 manholes, 10% of the working period, from 40 days to 36 days, can be reduced. In drainage system construction, the working period can be reduced from 105 days to 97 days, or 7.62% of working day reduction can be obtained.
อิทธิพงศ์ พันธ์นิกุล
ผศ.ดร.ธนภร ทวีวุฒิ
Risk Factors in Construction Project Management for Contractor in Chiang Mai Province: The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
This research aimed to study on risk factors in construction project management for contractor in Chiang Mai province, which impact by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situation and to study the importance of preventive and problemsolving approaches including the opinions on the government (or project owner) assistance measures. Data was collected using expert sampling by interviewing 35 persons of construction organizations in Chiang Mai consist of company executives, project managers, project engineers, assistant project engineers, site engineers, and project consultant. Risk assessment and basic statistics were employed to analyzed data. The results of this study reveal eight risk factors in the building construction project management, which impact by COVID-19 at a high level. The first three most important risk factors are (1) labor shortages due to COVID-19, (2)acceleration of construction work and (3) personnel infected with COVID-1 9, respectively. As a result, there are four groups of risk factors at a high level, and the first three groups of risk factors are (1) human resources, (2) construction techniques, and (3) design and contract, respectively. The study of the prevention and remedy for the epidemic situation of COVID-19 was found that theexperts have focused on the public health measures in construction projects more than the construction technique measures. In addition, they agreed that the government or the project owners must provide the measures to help construction companies (extension of time measure and suspension or reduction of fines) and person those infected with COVID-19 (medical expenses and income compensation).
ผศ.ดร.เสริมศักดิ์
เสริมศักดิ์ พงษ์เมษา
นันทนัช จินตพิทักษ์
พงศ์พันธุ์ กาญจนการุณ
ศิริกันยา เลาสุวรรณ์
Guidelines for the Development of Transparent Support Systems in Public Sector Construction
Thailand still has problems with transparency in government construction. At present, the government has a policy to push for transparency in the ongoing construction of the public sector. This research aims to: 1. Study the concept of transparency in public sector construction work in Thailand 2. Study the concept of data disclosure and disclosure level of Thailand compare with transparency support systems to successful public sector construction in the other countries 3. Introduce a system development approach or toolkit to support the transparent work data in government construction. There were 66 research questionnaires in government construction employment. To study the systems or tools that have been successful in supporting transparent work in public sector construction. The study found that South Korea’s emphasis is placed on the legal system and the clearing authority to regulate transparent work at each stage of government construction. A central system program controls each step. United Kingdom’s emphasis is on direct disclosure of construction data and public and private sector participation in public construction work. The problem of working support systems that make it inconceivable to work in Thailand is: 1. Law enforcement issues. 2. Public access to information related to public sector construction is difficult. 3. Lack of support system to record data in a transparent display. The guideline for improving and developing a system that promotes transparency is: 1. Serious law enforcement. 2. It should develop a support system for recording data that is transparent and accessible to the public.
พิชา ศรีพระจันทร์
Risk Identification and Assessment for Construction Contractors: Focusing on Interior and Renovation
The aim of this study is to identify the risks that interior and renovation construction contractors encounter particularly those risks that have a negative influence on the business. This case study employs a combined research approach, including questionnaires and semi- structured interviews, with seven construction contractors, involving Project Managers, Engineers, Architects Foremen, and Safety Officers, to assess and plan responses to risks. The rationale of this research is to better understand how these individuals manage risks and respond to them. The research applies the use of analytical data to provide risk response guidelines for building renovation projects. As a consequence, risks are divided into three categories: financial management, construction delays, and safety hazards. The results of the analysis evaluate the risks and provide contractor response recommendations.
ภูมิคณา วิชัยภูมิ
A Study on the Effectiveness of Worker in Steel Roof Structure Installation
The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the steel roof structure installation. The data collected on the workers in the housing project in Chonburi. There are two parts for data collection which are the project overview data by using Field Rating technique and collecting data of group of workers in steel roof structure installation by using Five Minute Rating technique. After that, data of workers in steel roof structure installation activities are analyzed by using Crew Balance Chart method and proposed methods to improve the work effectiveness. The data collected in this study consisted of the project overview of the worker, the work process of the steel roof structure installation, and the work data of each worker. In the analysis of the data, it was found that the effectiveness of the overall project assessment was equal to 66.31%. The steel roof structure installation activity effectiveness was equal to 45.83%. The steel roof structure installation, it was found that the workers with the highest effectiveness were 95% and two workers with an effectiveness value of 0. To improving the work effectiveness was using the Crew Balance Chart technique. Therefore, the effectiveness of steel roof structure installation increased from 45.83% to 68.75%. Suggestions for improving work process are shifting the way each worker works to increase the effectiveness and reduce the number of unnecessary workers, thereby reducing labor costs and increasing the efficiency of the work of the steel roof structure installation.
ภัทรพร พรเทพเกษมสันต์
จุฑามาศ มหานุกูล
พรรณพิมล วีระศิลปเลิศ
มินตรา เดียรประโคน
ศุภกร ชุ่มชื่นจิตร
ธิดาพร เชื้อสวัสดิ์
Multi-Location crew management for Installation of Solar Pumping Systems : A case study of Chaiyaphum Province.
The government policy to improve the quality at people’s life in rural areas has resulted in initiation of several public projects in which a prime contractor is hired to construct multiple similar small facilities located on various areas. In such construction crew management is challenging because it needs additional considerations such as driving distance between construction sites, material transportation and construction sequence. Hence, this research project focused on management repetitive workforces operating repetitively in various areas It used a government project involving installation of 100 solar water pumping systems in Chaiyaphum Province as a case study. It applied Critical Path Method and Resource Leveling technique developed in Microsoft Project to allocate workforces that enable the project to be completed within 92 days with minimal labor costs. To determine a solution that meets such requirements, It crew assignment conditions, such on the number of crew member in each team directly that affect the duration of solar pump installations, were varied the results showed that it is fairly feasible to use 10 crew teams, each of which has 5 member, to take charge in the installation of 100 solar pumps. So that the entire project can be completed within 88 days and with the minimal labor cost of 18,664.59 baht for the construction of single pumping system
ชัชฎาพร อินทรสุวรรณ
Study of Water Pipeline Replacement Criteria for Metropolitan Area
Water loss is one of the critical problems experienced in tap water supply in the Bangkok Metropolitan area. It is primarily caused by leakage in the water pipeline network. Thus, replacing the deteriorating water pipeline is considered a preventive measure that effectively reduces possibility of water loss problems in the long term. However, pipeline replacement needs careful planning and selection because it involves various groups of stakeholders and each pipeline may differ in build materials, ages, serviceable life span. This research specifically focused on studying the criteria for selecting and prioritizing pipelines for the maintenance water-distribution system. It used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is a multi-criteria decision-making technique based on pairwise comparison test. It classified the selection criteria into two groups : 1) the level of deterioration of the water-distribution system; and 2) the site access probability which indicates the chance of technicians being allowed to replace a selected pipeline. Then, it evaluated the priority of each selection criteria based on opinions from 3 specialists who had experience with water loss for more than 10 years. Once the selection criteria were developed, they were used to assess the needs to replace pipeline in 12 water distribution routes owned by the Metropolitan Waterworks Authority (MWA) for validation purposes. The validation showed that the developed selection criteria had consistent results with the actual selection made by MWA for pipeline replacement as among the 12 routes, there were 8 routes selected by MWA for replacement and all the 8 routes had a total score of more than 50%. In addition, the remaining 4 routes that were not selected were ranked lowest by the developed selection criteria and had a total score of less than 50%.
Improving the construction process for laying water pipes and preplanning the construction with RSM to reduce complaints from the public
Metropolitan Waterworks Authority produces Providing water distribution services to the public during the metering process and transporting water There is a large amount of water loss caused by leaking plumbing pipes as the main cause. Therefore, there is a policy to place new water pipes to replace in that area by placing new water pipes resulting in many complaints from people. This article aims to improve the construction process for laying water pipes, including planning the construction work in accordance with the improved construction process. to reduce complaints from the public and increase productivity in construction By starting to collect statistical data on complaints in the past 6 months from 1 May 2021 to 1 Nov 2021, analyze the causes and guidelines for risk management. to improve the process of laying water pipes A case study was the project to lay water pipes to reduce water loss in Soi Bang Krang 30, Nonthaburi Province. Use a method for collecting construction productivity data. with a 5-minute assessment method to improve construction productivity Analysis of construction statistics per day To plan the construction work using the Repetitive Construction Planning (RSM) method in accordance with the updated construction process.
A study of project cost of high rise condominium in Bangkok area
The construction of a high-rise condominium project in the inner Bangkok area has actual costs that are not in line with the budget. Due to various unforeseen factors such as complaints from neighboring houses difficult construction design Workers infected with COVID-19 Therefore, this study focuses on the actual costs incurred. To be analyzed for a guideline for decision-making to reduce the cost of negotiating the bidding price in each job category appropriately In this study, the cost estimation by parameter method was studied. which will design parameters based on the actual cost of the completed project and take the designed parameters to test the construction cost estimate with the completed project and compare the experimental results to draw conclusions to determine the most suitable parameter model. In this study, it was found that there are 7 parameters that can be used to estimate the construction cost that are close to the actual cost.
A Study of Incremental Cost for Building Construction Project from the epidemic situation of COVID-19
A Study subject "Incremental cost studies building construction project from the COVID-19 epidemic situation” is a study on the impact of costs incurred in managing and implementing various measures to prevent infection and the spread of COVID-19 in the group of construction workers The sample group in the study was collecting the actual expenses incurred. Divided into expenses incurred from the event of having to close the worker's camp for 30 days. What are the costs incurred? Costs for COVID-19 Prevention Measures that must be continued after returning to the construction of the project and asking for information on various impacts from 36 sample groups of medium-sized construction projects Results of this study resulted in the conclusion of the costs incurred from the situation of the epidemic of COVID-19 with medium-sized construction projects such as: 1.) Additional expenses incurred during the closure of the workers' camp for 30 days, which are the expenses incurred from caring for workers during the closure of the camps. Work such as food expenses, daily necessities cost of medicine cost of medical supplies for prevention and transportation costs for various arrangements. 2.) Additional expenses for measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 among workers, which are monthly and recurring expenses, such as the cost of vaccinating workers. Worker camp management fee Handling fees for worker restroom adjustments, ATK examination fees for workers, increased transport costs for workers due to normal circumstances Cost of medical supplies to protect workers and cost of disinfection to reduce the epidemic. 3.) The impact caused by construction management in this epidemic situation.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF POST-OCCUPANCY-EVALUATION OF TOWNHOUSES CONSTRUCTED WITH LOAD-BEARING WALL AND CONVENTIONAL WALL SYSTEMS
From economic crisis due to COVID-19 epidemic, real estate developers must find ways to reduce production cost, cycle time, and labor usage in their projects in order to maintain their competitive advantages. Thus, load bearing wall construction systems have been adopted by real estate developers even though some developers still use conventional construction systems in their projects in order to respond to the demand of some customers. From this reason, the researchers therefore aimed to study the customers’ satisfaction to the different wall construction systems, e. g. load bearing wall systems and the traditional wall construction systems, using the concept of Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE). The research was done by collecting data from interviews of the eight after-sales service staff who are responsible for both types of townhouses, with different sub-types and price levels, and analyzed the acquired data by Content Analysis Technique. The results of the research concluded that Satisfaction after using the building among the customers living in the residences with different structural systems had the same satisfaction in different aspects, only the satisfaction in the absorption and desorption of moisture. Modification of the building Cracks after use and leaks at various points of the building can only be seen inconsistent with opinions. The results revealed the difference in post-occupancy satisfaction for different structural systems, that help developers select wall construction systems to enhance the customers’ long-term satisfaction and quality of life.
Analysis of the energy consumption of workers of activities in construction in Thailand
The purpose of this research was to study the energy consumption in construction activities of unit kilocalories per minute. Operate a worker's heart rate monitor for each activity. Data were collected using a 5-minute assessment to find the average heart rate to calculate the worker's energy consumption and shows the amount of work a worker can accomplish in 20 construction activities. 1.Light weight brickwork 2.Formwork concrete installation 3.Formwork concreat demolition work 4.Scaffold installation work 5.Scaffold demolition work 6.Painting work 7.Structural steel binding work 8.Plaster mix work 9.Structural concrete pillars work 10.Structural concrete pouring work 11.Excavation work 12.Ceiling installation work 13.Extraction of pile head work 14.Plastering work on the face of the floor 15. Tile roof installation work 16.Plastering the walls 17.Plastering columns and beams 18.Welding and installation of steel structure work 19. Skim coat finish work 20.Skim coat scrubbing work The energy value obtained in each activity was analyzed for a sample of the time the workers were able to work continuously. And the rest period of the workers in each job that is suitable for the worker according to the nature of the activities performed. To create good productivity in construction.
พัชรพงษ์ ชนะกานนท์
Defects at Post-Handover on Precast Concrete Residential Housing Case study from 3-storey precast concrete housing
A significant portion of the labor force in Thailand is employed in the construction sector, depending on productivity. Precast technology can accelerate time-sensitive projects. In order to hasten the completion of time-sensitive projects, precast construction techniques resulted in an increase in the work's overall quality, as well as time and money savings, as well as reduced costs for both construction and ongoing maintenance. A recent study found that the residential sector had a significantly higher rate of defects and rework than other sectors. To optimize project management, planners and engineers need to know about defects and the associated cost. This study follows Pareto’s principle. There are statistically significant relationships among defects. In this paper, a total of 6,360 post-handover defects were derived from real 3-storey precast concrete housing constructions in Bangkok and its vicinity. More attentions related to bedroom1 defects should be considered in the post-handover process.
A Study on the Satisfaction of Online Purchasing of Construction Material (Case Study of Bangkok Metropolitan Region)
Presently. with the dynamic advancement of technology and confrontation with the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, people are inevitably forced to adapt themselves to change lifestyles so called the “new normal”. Online shopping for construction materials becomes popular and has tendency to increase continuously. The objective of this research was to study consumers’ satisfaction and behaviors in purchasing construction materials via online communication. The data used for quantitative research were collected from the questionnaires proposed to related sample group of 400 people in Bangkok Metropolis and surrounding provinces. The confidence was fixed at 95% level. The SPSS statistics was used for data analysis. From the study, the results revealed that most of the respondents were female with age range between 30-40 years, married status, bachelor degree background. Their occupation was employee in the construction industry, having a monthly income between 15,000-30,000 Baht. They searched for information from Google to find the material stores. Their supervisors were the main participants in the purchasing decision. The maximum amount of each purchase in a year-round Between 30,000-50,000 Baht. The purchasing service was more than 10 times a year. Most payments are money transferred into bank accounts. There was price comparison before the purchasing. The level of satisfaction in online purchasing construction materials in Bangkok Metropolitan and peripheral provinces was found that the respondents had a high level of satisfaction, averagely at 3.607 level. The hypothesis test was found that the personal factors of different sex, age, education level, occupation, and behaviors in purchasing could insignificantly affect to the satisfaction of purchasing construction materials via online communication. Different income decision could differently affect to the satisfaction of online purchasing construction materials at 0.05 statistically significant level.
ธนาวรรธน์ สียงค์พะเนา
Problems in Construction Project Management. A Case Study of a Government Hospital Building
In construction project management, problems occur during the construction process due to the coordination of various parties and limited operation time. The purpose of this study is to study the causes and effects of the problem. In addition, the solution and prevent problems during construction. This independent study is a case study of a government hospital construction project. This research uses a qualitative research methodology. The data collection came from a review of documents, participant observation, in-depth interviews with project managers, and using focus group discussion for site officers. Then analyze the causes of each problem, classified by related parties, i.e., owners, designers, consultants, and contractors. The results of the study revealed that there were 4 problems, namely, the project is adapting drawing to meet the needs of users caused by the owner. The problem of separating the construction phase is wrong. The problem of the designer's design error. The problem of soil slides in neighboring houses. There are impacts on time and cost. The last problem is the problem of the epidemic situation of the virus affects time. Therefore, there are guidelines for preventing impacts that can occur with 5 principles such as risk management principles, fishbone diagram, or quality control principles. This independent study is a guideline for the management of construction projects. To reduce the impact that will occur and apply it to other future projects.
พีรรัตน์ อาทรกัลป์
A study of structural and architectural problems after the delivery of low-rise condominiums
Low-rise condominiums often experience damage after the building is delivered. This is partly due to poor quality construction during the construction period. The purpose of this research is to study the frequency of problems and the impact that occurred after the delivery of low-rise condominium projects in the category of structural and architectural works. The survey research and questionnaire data collection were used with a sample of 411 residents of low-rise condominiums. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data at 95% confidence level. Most of the respondents lived in the Bangkok area of ​​181 people, representing 44%. The results showed that the problem with the greatest frequency and impact for the structural segment was the cracked concrete road problem. As for the architecture, the most frequent problems are the paint peeling off, cracking of the ivory pattern, and the problem that has the greatest impact is the broken toilet hose problem. In addition, the hypothesis testing revealed that different factors of average selling price per square meter had different frequency of encountering problems and the effect of problems. Finally, this research proposes guidelines for quality control during the construction period as a supporting information for further construction project management.
วรพันธ์ จิตต์อาจหาญ
มงคล อัศวดิลกฤทธิ์
A study of problems in the construction of building engineering systems after the delivery of low-rise condominiums
The real estate business focuses on improving the quality of work during the construction period. However, problems from construction work after the project has been delivered are likely to arise and it is important to gather information for qualitative adjustments during the construction phase. The purpose of this research was to study and analyze the frequency and impact of problems from building engineering systems after the delivery of low-rise condominiums in Bangkok and its vicinities. This research was a survey research and data were collected by questionnaires with a sample of 400 residents of low-rise condominiums. Most of the respondents lived in low-rise condominiums in Bangkok and its vicinities with a selling price of 70,000- 129,999 baht per square meter. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the study revealed that the problems with the highest Severity Index (SI) in the top three were 1) problems with unstable internet signal 2) problems with insufficient electrical outlets in the rooms and 3) problems with breaker cabinets installed in inappropriate position. In addition, the hypothesis testing revealed that the opinions of residents in condominiums with different selling prices had different frequency and impact of problems. Finally, this research recommends the prevention of problems as a guideline for future construction project management.
ฉัตรชัย ธนจิรัฏฐ์โรจน์
Key Success Factors of Medium-Sized Residential Real Estate Developer in Suburban Areas
Currently, real estate business is very high-value and highly competitive. It involves many related businesses such as real estate developers, contractors, creditors, financial institutions, investors and customers. Furthermore, there are also trends of higher competition in suburban areas, depending on the distribution and level of development as well as lifestyle of people. This study focuses on the factors affecting successes of the project such as process, quality, cost and location. The CIPP model and literature reviews were used to determine the factors. For analysis, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is used to analyze and compare the important factors affecting the success of medium-sized residential projects in suburban areas. From the study, it is found that the most important factor affecting the success of medium-sized residential projects in suburban areas is financial factors, the most important sub-factors affecting the project were the location and suitable environment. The results of this study can be used to develop project’s action plans so that real estate developers can achieve its business objectives of projects.
พันชั่ง ป้องปัดโรคา
The study of satisfaction factors toward the golf course and construction of golf driving range of Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University at Chanthaburi
This research analyzed various marketing mix factors that were expected to affect the satisfaction of customers who play golf at the existing Rambhai Barni Golf Course and the golf driving range being built in 2023. 300 sets of questionnaires were used to collect data from the sample group and analyzing the data by using the SPSS package by estimating the mean percentage, standard deviation and t- test statistics. The data analysis results show that the marketing mix factor that affects the most the satisfaction of the golfers and the university personnel are the product factors ( ????̅ = 4.62) that include golf course design, golf car rental service and food and beverage at clubhouse and the factors of physical : evidence & presentation ( ????̅ = 4.26) that include beautiful shady golf course design, well ventilated surrounding and clean toilet and locker room. In addition, the survey result shows that the respondents were interested in using the prospect golf driving range and would like to have a restaurant, a pro shop, locker room, massage shop, coffee shop, and golf simulation swing clinic in the facilities of the golf driving range. They have the same opinion on having continuingly development of the golf course including a better food court.
ผศ.ชัยธวัฒน์ บุญหยง
Factors considered in airport design affecting airport sustainability
At present, business development of each country has been greatly expanded, leading to various infrastructure development. Airport is one of the required infrastructures. Nevertheless, in the development, natural resources are consumed in. large quantities, which reflected unsustainability. The vital beginning for airport development is airport design, which can include various sustainable approaches and activities such as improving and reprising equipment for effective usage maintenance. However, from a literature review, there are few studies on factors considered in airport design affecting airport sustainability. Hence, the research aims to identify such the factors via survey research. The data were gathered through a questionnaire asking the opinions of airport. practitioners, namely, strategic managers of airport companies, designers, and contractors. Then, the data were analyzed to (1) test the structure of factors and (2) find the influence of the factors. on airport sustainability using structural equation modeling, SEM. The results showed that all the factors could be structured into 5 groups with their relative weights of importance: “factors related to taxiway- runway” (22.09%), “factors related to maintenance” (20.67%), “factors related to airport location” (19.48%), “factors related to terminal” (19.00%) and: “factors related to surrounding area” (18.76%). Additionally, factors indicating airport sustainability were (with their weight) “economics” (34.56%), "Society" (33.18%), and “environment” (32.26%). The level of influence of the design factors on airport in 0.80. The really of the research can he used as a guideline for designers to include factors considered in airport design, which support sustainable airport development.
A Study of obstacles affecting the application of Integrated Project Delivery in the Thai construction industry
Due to the Thai construction industry needs more development. Therefore, to raise the quality and efficiency of construction is very important. One of the technologies that can improve the efficiency of construction projects and widely used in every country is Integrated project delivery (IPD). However, IPD is not prevalent in the Thai construction industry. So, to study of obstacles affecting the application of IPD is significant. The main objective of this research is to analyze the obstacles affecting the implementation of IPD in Thailand and find solutions to problems in obstacles. The study method is using Factor Analysis. The results of this study founded that 1. most people do not know about the principles and benefits of IPD. 2. The project need to have designer who understands the BIM system and the interoperability system. 3. IPD systems are not yet widespread, and the laws are not covered. and 4. People must understand the system of teamwork and software that related to collaboration. All these obstacles are very important for using IPD in Thailand and need to solve these problems first to make people involved in the industry to understand and apply IPD more and improve project efficiency.
สุริยวัชร พันธ์นรา
Study of Characteristics Related to the Implementation of Construction Project Plans
The purpose of this research was to study the characteristics of people in the construction industry in 6 aspects related to the implementation of the project plans in the 7 areas. This study collected data from the sample of 517 respondents. The major findings revealed that most of the respondents graduated with a bachelor's degree (69.05%). Only 0.97 % of them graduated with doctoral degree. Most of them (46.03%) were employees, had 1-5 years of employment (24.95%). Only 14.51% of them aged 16-20 years. Those with higher length of service had a greater proportion of implementation in the project according to the project value. The most commonly used scheme was the Bar Chart (46.00%). 25.10% of them used The Critical Path Method. However, this method had a higher proportion of implementation according to the project value. The implementation of plans according to the project period found that during the project preparation and the bidding period, the project owner had higher use of the plan than the contractor. However, in the pre-construction phase and the construction phase, the contractor will use the plan more than the project owner's side. The implementation of project management plans was found to be the most commonly used in the first three areas. 1. Controlling project duration > 85.00% 2. Preparing an action plan > 75.00% 3. Progress report > 70.00%. The contractors had greater implementation rate than the project owner in all aspects. This implied that as a construction project increases the project value, the project owner and contractor will also use the program to manage the construction project as the project value increases.
Design of Precast Concrete Production Requiring Low Investment
The production of precast concrete components is an important part of off-site construction technology. Major construction activities are moved to the factory that can manage the production process and the environment for higher efficiency, and better and more convenient quality-control and can use automatic machines to help the work routines. As a result, the cost and duration of construction work is reduced, the quality and consistency of work is increased, and the danger and environmental impact of construction work are reduced. Such advantages make the technology soon become the world's main construction method. However, the establishment of a dedicated, semi-automated manufacturing plant requires very high investment and reliance on foreign technology. It is a major obstacle for small and medium-sized entrepreneurs. This research aims to design a new semiautomatic plant that requires low investment. It combines the advantages of both traditional factories and foreign prefabricated designs by positioning in the production line and machine design for assisting in important production processes such as concrete moulds, concrete pouring, surface trowelling, mould shuttering and stripping, and final product storage. Finally, an estimation of investment for this new manufacturing facility is presented.
วชรภูมิ เบญจโอฬาร
Lean Location-based Scheduling for High-Rise Building Project
This paper presents a Lean Location-Base Scheduling for high-rise construction projects. The objective is to develop a work schedule format that is consistent with the job characteristics and working behavior of Thai construction workers. Based on the principle of analyzing critical activities together with the time-cost optimization. Under the allocation of labor groups to have the same working duration in each work group. Post-tension system of Condominium buildings were used in the study. The activities are divided into 20 activities, each sub-activity can be divided into work groups and labor groups according to the nature of repetitive construction. Setting the duration of work groups are 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days and 8 days per floor. It was found that the optimal duration and cost was 5 days per floor (Divide the activities into 5 workgroups, each work group takes 1 day). Direct cost are 114,844 baht and indirect cost are 138,250 baht, including total cost are 253,094 baht. Show that the Lean Location-Base Scheduling suitable for the construction of repetitive buildings.
ผศ.ดร.ไพจิตร ผาวัน
Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Highway Construction Project Management
This study employed Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) or drone technology to increase the efficiency of highway construction project management in several aspects, e.g., construction planning, public participation, quality control, and safety in construction supervision process, etc. The study was a pilot project, which selected two highway construction projects, namely (1) the construction project of the 5th Thai – Laos Friendship Bridge (Bueng Kan – Bolikhamxay), and (2) the construction project of the administrative office building, truck weighing station and other elements for the Thai – Cambodian friendship Bridge (Nong Ian –Stung Bot), Sa Kaeo Province, to be used as case studies. The study team set up UAV equipped with cameras and digital surveying equipment to record the activities and results of the construction projects. Comparative work processing system were set up. The results were found that, in terms of using DJI MINI 2 to record activities and results of the construction project, the use of UAV processing system is more convenient, faster, and more efficient than traditional processing system. As well as using DJI Matrice 200 series V2 equipped with high-quality camera, the results shown that there was only 9.79% error in filled volume when implementing the UAV to measure the volume of earthwork in the construction project.
Risk analysis of safety in dredging and reclamation works
The development of deep-sea ports and industrial ports is important to the marine infrastructure expansion, and therefore advancement of the country's economy, due to several advantages of the water transportation system, including the capabilities of delivering large quantities and different cargo types, lowering the transportation cost, improving safety, and generating fewer pollutions. In Thailand, the Laem Chabang deep seaport project and the Map Ta Phut industrial port development project were initiated and are currently under the expansion phase. This requires a significant investment fund and human resources due to the demand for special machinery, advanced construction techniques, and the limitation of construction experts available. Therefore,to prevent an accident and a danger from the dredging and reclamation works, this paper aims to study and investigate the risk identification factors on the safety aspect of the dredging and reclamation works. The methodology started by gathering the risk factors from the past literature, identifying the relevant and possible risks, and performing risk assessments based on the experts’ evaluations of the likelihood of occurrence and the severity of impact. The analysis of 14 events revealed that most of the risks were at a high level. The top three high-risk events were crane lifting, machinery breakdown/unavailability, and lightning in open areas. The risk mitigation approach was finally proposed for each risk factor. The finding from this paper should prove useful to the management of future marine infrastructure development that increases the success of the projects in the long run.
อาณัติ จันทร์เต็มดวง
Inspection and analysis of particulate matter exposure in construction by using individual measuring instrument
At present, air pollution is considered an important environmental problem in Thailand, which can be observed from PM 2.5 that have exceeded the standard. This is due to changing lifestyles, population growth and constructions throughout Bangkok area and perimeter, especially the building construction, building renovation and building extension. These constructions cause air pollution and noise that affects workers and people living in the construction area, and it leads to health concerns. The large instrument, which is installed at one point, has been used for measuring dust in the construction area. This study aims to propose a real-time air pollution and noise monitoring system in building construction projects by using IoT (Internet of Things) technology and air quality sensors to be installed with workers. This will let us know the concentration of air pollution and noise that the operator receives per day, also the activities that cause air pollution and noise pollution exceeds the standard. Then, the instrument was evaluated for functionality and discrepancy of the air quality sensor by comparing it with other standard instruments. The experiment in a small scale shows that the system can provide real-time values quickly and accuracy, also it is convenient to install and measure air pollution and noise pollution
นพวิชญ์ ลีลานภากาศ
A Study of Key Components and Factors Affecting Human Capital Development of Employees Involving Construction Projects: The Case of Royal Irrigation Department
Knowledge, skills, and ability of employees, also known as human capital, is currently considered as one of the organization's important assets. The Royal Irrigation Department, as an organization responsible for the country's water infrastructure, is having a development strategy for employees for better working efficiency. However, in order to maximize the benefit of the budget for employee development, the Royal Irrigation Department itself should be aware of human capital development and retainment. As a consequence, we conducted a study of the significant components of knowledge, skills, ability, and important factors of human capital development and retainment of Royal Irrigation Department's employees who have been trained. We used the relative importance index (RII) for ranking purpose in each essential of human capital development in the aspect of knowledge, skills, and ability for each working level. In conclusion, engineering knowledge, communication skills, problem-solving ability by using engineer knowledge, have the most effect, and the difference of human capital development and retainment depends on working level.
Computational model of Stakeholders’ financial risk analysis in PPP Availability-based O&M Contracts for Inter-City Motorway Projects
Public agencies around the world are increasingly welcoming the private sector to participate in infrastructure project delivery, commonly known as Public Private Partnership (PPP). One of the PPP arrangements that is being employed in the highway sector in Thailand is called Gross Cost PPP O&M in which the private operator is responsible for operation and maintenance of the project to meet performance specification and will be paid for a fixed sum of money over the contract period and the public agency is responsible for land acquisition, construction cost, and still bears the market risks such as tolled revenue risk. Examples of PPP O&M being employed by the Division of Inter-City Motorway #6 (Bang Pa-in - Nakhon Ratchasima). In PPP O&M contracts, payments made to the private operator is called “performance-based availability payment (AP),” where the future compensation for the operation will be based on actual performance. In addition, under this payment mechanism, the actual compensation will be adjusted by performance deduction to be calculated in each period (e.g., quarter) if the private operator fails to meet performance specifications of the contract. This article is to present a computational model of key stakeholders’ risk analysis, namely, the public agency, theprivate operator, and lenders. The proposed computational model can be used to evaluate the risk profile of each stakeholder so as to help promote the employment of PPP O&M contracts in the future
นันทพัฒน์ ปิ่นตบแต่ง
Factors Affecting Housing Choice in Mueang District Nakhonphanom Province
A Study of Factors Affecting Housing Choice in Mueang District Nakhonphanom Province The objectives of this study entitled Factors Affecting Housing Choice in Mueang District Nakhonphanom Province are to study demographic factors and marketing mix factors (7Ps) that influence the buying of housing in Muang District Nakhon Phanom Province and to suggest the guidelines for entrepreneurs in real factors that affect the decision of consumers and could be used for devising strategies to create an advantage in the competition, the sample group is consumers who do not have a housing in Muang District Nakhon Phanom Province, 200 people ,the results of this study indicated that most of the respondents are female, age between 20-30 years old, working in government service / state enterprise employees. average income per month 10,000-20,000 baht, graduated with a bachelor's degree, single status, have 1-2 family members, wants to buy a single home, land size 50-75 square wa, 2 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, 2 parking, pricing from 1,000,001 -2,000,000 baht. is to live by themselves, the influencer in buying are the respondents themselves, installments with the bank, for the data source of the housing project comes from the online (Website/Facebook/line), for the main factor of choosing a housing was from close to the workplace and uses 3 projects to compare to buy a housing. most of them wanted to buy a housing for a period of more than 1 year, from the logistic regression analysis, it was found that the factor that affects the decision to buy a house in Muang District. Nakhon Phanom Province is the product.
เปี่ยมศักดิ์ ทนุกิจ
Development of the Construction Millionaire Board Game to enhance knowledge and interest in construction management
A large number and variety of problems in small-scale construction lead most of the new engineers cannot to be aware of these problems in all aspects. This article presents the development of the Construction Millionaire Board Game to enhance knowledge and interest in construction management. Construction knowledge in the board game consists of factors affecting construction management, such as manpower, money, machine, materials, and management. It also includes various problems in housing construction, building construction, and road construction. In addition, this board game provides a sample exam of the Council of Engineers which is used for preparing examinations for the License for Professional Practice (Associate Civil Engineer). Moreover, there are also challenge cards that will increase the excitement throughout the game. The board game was tested by twenty civil engineering students in each level from the first- to the fourth- year. The results indicated that the majority of students were able to pass the Council of Engineers exams more and were also increasing their knowledge of construction problems. However, the construction problems in this board game are some of the problems that arise in construction projects. Therefore, more construction problems should be collected and added to the board game so that the players are aware of these problems and can apply them to work effectively.
A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Construction Organizations’ Coping in the Covid-19 Crisis
The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) around the world affected not only human health and the world’s economy, but also business operations that included the construction industry. Therefore, the working approaches of the organization during the crisis needed to be reconsidered. The resilience of the organization is a necessary ability to help the organization get through the difficulties and survive during the uncertain period. This research aimed to develop factors affecting the coping of the construction organization in pandemic situation. Data were collected through 327 questionnaires from people working in construction sectors. The result indicated that there were five factors affecting organizational resilience, namely ranging from most to least important Organizational Resilience, Leadership, Staff Performance, Change Ready, and Organizational Performance. The test showed that the model fitted to the empirical data (χ2/df = 2.920, CFI = 0.904, GFI = 0.833, AGFI = 0.801 and RMSEA=0.077)
Application of value engineering techniques to choose improved foundations instead of traditional spreader foundations For the residential house in a community area
In the current housing construction, the construction style has changed. construction process or materials used In order to develop the construction of a residential house that costs less. Faster construction time But still maintain the same quality and engineering features. Therefore, this research compares the traditional spreading foundation with the modified foundation using bored piles without foundation. In the construction of a single-storey residential house, which can reduce the construction process. and can also work in crowded community areas and less work space because they use machinery that can be moved easily and does not affect the community area This research started from the survey of information needed to design the foundation of the house. Then a questionnaire was taken from engineers and contractors to determine the key factors of foundation construction. Then, the obtained data was analyzed according to the 6-step value engineering analysis process. From the comparison of price and construction time for a one-storey house, it was found that the use of renovated foundations had less construction costs and It takes less time to construct than the construction of a flat foundation.
วีระพันธ์ หมอกมุงเมือง
Masonry Process Improvement Using Lean Construction
Lean construction has been discussed in construction industry in this decade. It has been used as an analysis tool to reduce waste generated during construction work processes. Plastering process is a process found in every construction project in Thailand. It is known as a process causing lots of project wastes and time loss. In this research, a reinforced concrete residential building was used comparing traditional process with new process with lean construction. Firstly, a focus group was conducted summarizing wastes found in the processes from construction experts. A fishbone diagram was created based on the summary. Then the lean value stream map was created for mapping plastering process in the project. The results show that, although the process steps were the same between before and after modification, total times decreased about 50% from 32,600 minutes to 16,500 minutes. The major wastes found in preparation process which moved closer to the plastering area. Other processes such as mixing mortar and equipment washing can be done simultaneously as well.
Application of the Kanban in construction reporting between contractors and project
Effective reporting of construction progress between project decision-makers will enable tracking progress and validation of the project as planned and visualization. The total cost of construction works makes it possible to know the cost. Construction time and quality of construction It is reported as a kanban board that is widely used in industrial applications as one of the lean processes. Helping to track work clearly, quickly and accurately. In this research, the important factors in reporting construction progress in the use of the kanban reporting system. It starts with studying the construction plan and the information needed to report the construction. They then interview homeowners to determine the key factors in reporting on construction progress and to rate each of them how important they are. Then select the factors the homeowner pays attention to and then design a kanban board to report on the construction progress through the software. in the construction of a 1-storey residential house.
เดชดำรงค์ สุปินะ
Improving the construction procurement process by applying lean techniques
In construction industry budget mismanagement is one of major issues for contractors. This causes them the profit lose from the overbudget. Construction procurement is one the major process flaws that can be managed and improved significantly.Lean procurement is a management technique to improve the procurement processes by identifying wastes and remove those.Then the procurement processes are able to be shorten making the whole tasks faster and cheaper. In this research, a procurement process from a residential contractor is used, wastes identified, analyzed, and improved. The methodology compose of three steps which are (1) creating procurement value stream map showing the existing process flowchart to identify steps and wastes; (2)applying lean techniques to reduce wastes and redundant tasks with new processed provided; and (3) adopting to the real tasks validating by the company. The result shows that 12 sub-processes are removed. The waiting time which is the major wastes in the procurement processes were significantly decrease about 75.5 hours from the original time of 242.5 hours which is 68.7% decreased
เอกวิทย์ เอี้ยงการ
Analysing Costs and Return of On-grid and Hybrid Solar Power System for Office Operation comparing each factor in investment decisions: A case study 1,600 M2 commercial building
The purpose of the research was to analyze the cost effectiveness. and returns and comparison of each factor affecting investment decisions in solar power generation The assumptions in the analysis were divided into 8 alternatives: on-grid system (a1-40KW), (a2-50KW), (a3-60KW), (a4-70KW), respectively, and hybrid system (a5-90KW), (a6-110KW), (a7-110KW), (a8-120KW),respectively. Case study of a 1,600 M2 commercial building by analyzing the project's finances using tools such as net present value(NPV), yield rate. Internal Return (IRR), Payback Period (PB), Return to Cost Ratio (B/C), Value of Capital Taken as a 7% discount rate, including a sensitivity analysis. Risk Factors and environmental impact factors The questionnaire was divided into 2 parts. Part 1 was the personal information of the respondents. Part 2 was the information on which factors are the most important in the decision to install solar cells. By analyzing the data, ELECTER ll is used to help analyze the priorities with consideration. Pair-by-pair comparison of the difference of the concordance index value plus the inconsistency of the advantageous choice indicates that the alternative relationship is a strong superiority. and do not surpass each other strongly Summary of the most suitable choice priority is alternative (a4-70KW), (a3-60KW), (a2-50KW), (a1-40KW), (a5-90KW), (a6-110KW), (a7. -110KW), (a8-120KW), respectively
กระจ่าง ปลื้มกมล
Assessment of Overhead Cost in High-rise Building Construction Projects
This research investigates the overhead cost of high-rise building construction projects. Primary and secondary data of the projects having the project’s total value less than 1000 million baht were surveyed and collected from contractors in Bangkok. The preliminary cost included employee, labor, labor camp, electricity and water supply, and construction equipment cost. The results showed that the preliminary cost of high-rise building construction projects increased by increasing the project's total value. The average preliminary cost was 18.44% by the project's total value, which included 21.77% employee, 52.05% labor, 2.03% labor camp, 6.77% electricity and water supply, and 4.04% construction equipment, respectively. The obtained information should be beneficial in estimating high-rise building construction projects for effective bidding and project management.
วิศิษฏ์ศักดิ์ ทับยัง
Construction Management of Government Office Building Using Control Time Technique
Construction management of government office building using control time techniques is necessary in order to result in construction management directed by objective the contractor and government. Therefore, executive project of government office building must to manage within very topic in control of the several problem and factor. The identification of the Problem and Factor Control (PFC) into the success project government office building on control time contract is very advantages to projects. The objective of this study was to analyze the problem and factor in construction management of government office building. (1) Collected questions 14 for Problem and Factor Control (PFC) from a literature review. (2) Data the Likert scale from deep interviews executive of government office building in Rayong province in Thailand 15 projects more than 10 million baht from firm listed on the department of business development in ministry of commerce in Thailand. (3) Analyze data deep interviews for found conclusion of the Problem and Factor Control (PFC) the construction management of government office building. From this study, it was found that there was one very important Problem and Factor Control (PFC), which was transportation to relatives of project x̄= 4.85. These problem and factors able to be applied construction management of government office building which in order to improve the construction management of contractor next project.
The Study of Efficiency affecting to Payment application. Case Study: MRT Blue Line Extension Project Contract 3, Taopun – Tha Pha Section
The objective of this project is to studying efficiency which affect to payment application of MRT Blue Line Extension Project Contract 3, Taopun–Tha Pha Section by analyzing efficiency each payment and prevent guideline. This study uses questionnaire to collect the opinion data which affect totally 6 part such as 1.Man Power 2.Management 3.Money 4.Material 5.Machine 6.Method. The samplings are executive and operative totally 6 groups such as owner 4 people, consulting 4 people and contractor 16 people by dividing 4 part such as construction department, quantity surveyor department, quality assurance department and quality control department. The totally sampling are 24 people. The study shows that efficiency which affect to payment of project the first order is man power average 3.80, second order is management average 3.76, third order is material average 3.70, fourth order is method average 3.69, fifth order is money average 3.59 and the last order is machine average 2.69. This result can be guideline for developing the efficiency of payment application in the future project.
สิทธิโชค สุนทรโอภาส
A conceptual framework for the details of legal considerations under the private investment in state undertaking Act, B.E. 2556(2013) and the public private partnership Act, B.E. 2562(2019)
At present, Thailand has prepared a 20-year national strategic plan to drive the country's development towards stability, prosperity and sustainability, resulting in economic growth and rapid expansion of human resources. Therefore, there are many more infrastructure construction projects such as electric trains, expressway roads, motorways, etc. The government has cooperated with the private sector in concessions for construction. Based on working principles under the law of the Private Investment in State Enterprise Act B.E. 2556 and the Public-Private Partnership Act B.E. 2562 (2019), which the researcher has read the legal section I don't understand many points, so it's easier to understand. in a conceptual framework to be able to answer questions that are still pending which is a qualitative research Use an in-depth interview The questionnaire style is clear and easy to understand. to collect information from experts of government agencies and the private sector for using the conceptual framework Then synthesize the information into components and indicators of the law of investment
Properties of asphaltic concrete mixed with marine debris
Increasing amounts of marine debris including plastic bottles and glass cullet waste are negatively impacting coastal ecosystems. Applying asphalt concrete can reduce marine debris. Aggregate materials in the asphalt concrete job mix formula were combined with plastic flakes (P) and glass cullet (G) of sub-size less than 0.30 mm and retained on a #50 sieve. Mixing ratios at P25:G25, P25:G50, P50:G25 and P50:G50 were employed. The aggregate material was mixed in a hot bin at the mixing ratios of 40:33:15:12 by weight using asphalt cement grade AC 60-70 mixed with ratios 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5 by weight of the mass aggregate in a laboratory. Laboratory engineering properties of the asphalt concrete specimens were tested following the Marshall method by the Department of Highways (DOH). Replacement of 25% plastic flakes and 25% glass cullet (P25:G25) improved density, stability, flow, percentage of air voids (%AV), voids filled with asphalt (%VFA) and voids in mineral aggregate (%VMA) as optimal ratios of DOH standard testing requirements, followed by mixing ratio P25:G50. Mixing ratio P25:G25 showed promise as an alternative to reduce marine waste.
The Study of The Number and Position of Installed Air Chamber Affecting on The Pressure in The Water Transmission System
“Air Wares” is an accessory that Thai farmers have widely applied in the water pumping system to increase the flow rate and deliver water over longer distances. To manage the appropriate installation of Air Ware, this study, therefore, aims to examine the effect of the number of Air Wares and the installation space between air wares on the pressure in the water supply system. Apart from the master Air Wares from Royal Irrigation Department, this experiment connected additional Air Wares, changing from two to three air wares. The findings indicated the ideal minimum and maximum flow rate of 160 and 380 liters per minute obtained by varying five flow rates. Furthermore, the pressure of delivery pipes showed no significant differences from the plain tube when installing one two three air wares. However, three air wares contribute to better air trapping in a pipe and lesser flow rate fluctuation than one to two Air Wares and the plain tube. The maximum distance that affects the water supply system for the Air Wares installation is 1.5 meters from the pump. Additionally, the most appropriate time to control the valve and maintain the pressure in pipes is to close the gate for 7 seconds and open the gate within 5 seconds.
ยุทธศักดิ์ อนันตเดชศักดิ์
The use of reclaimed asphalt pavement by mixed with crushed rock and cement in road construction
This paper presents the appropriate properties and ratios of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) to cement that affects the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) to replace crushed rock. Determining the proportion of test samples RAP per crushed rock in mixed proportions 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70% of the total weight, by testing to determine the unconfined compressive strength (USC). The results showed that unconfined compressive strength (UCS) decreased with the addition of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and the ratio of RAP at 10% of total weight has the maximum UCS. When compared with the two crushed rock samples with different engineering properties, it was found that the UCS depended on the properties of crushed rock. Studies have shown that it is possible to use RAP as an alternative material for road construction or improvement. Which is useful in terms of engineering which passed according to the requirements of the Department of Highways on the pavement layer mixed with cement that the value of compressive strength shall not be less than 24.50 ksc at a curing period of 7 days.
รศ.ดร.สราวุธ จริตงาม
The concept of road routine maintenance work and planning for local authority
Local roads, run by local administration authority, accounts for 597,667 Kilometer distance or takes 80% of entire roads of Thailand, which have their functions to provide accessibility for community and connectivity to upper classified roads. These roads, when they are maintained effectively, could result in not only pavement performance, but also successful budgeting planning and that to grow economy for local areas. Road routine maintenance work, such as minor pothole repairing and glass cutting—as being not ignorable for small problems that could become large problems for the roads, is an early stage of road maintenance to extend pavement life and reduce its risk of incremental failure. Such work consists of e.g., the assignment of maintenance activities, the planning and estimation of operation costs, by which these works are essential to annual budgetary allocation for maintenance purposes. This paper proposes road routine maintenance works and planning for those relevant authorities to guide
ชิตณุพงศ์ ชัยสุขนิพัทธ์
ณัฐวุฒิ เสียงแจ้ว
Development of Dam Safety Monitoring with InSAR Time Series Technology
Monitoring the safety of dams in Thailand is one of the crucial processes that the responsible authorities should continuously and systematically monitor. Problems due to the displacement of the dam structure and surrounding areas may affect the dam's stability depending on a variety of internal and external factors, including the structural characteristics of the dam. They will damage the water supply system, drainage system, likelihood of dam break, and others. Therefore, dam safety monitoring is an important task requiring surveying techniques with high precision and spatial resolution. Monitoring reduces the cost of time and labour in the survey. As the displacement is a slow process, we used time-series data from Sentinel-1 satellites from January 2017 to January 2022. The data was analyzed by InSAR time series technology, the study site: Mae Kuang Dam, Chiang Mai. The dam is a large Earth Fill (Zoned Type) dam that is very important to Chiang Mai. The dimension includes a height of 68 meters, a dam ridge length of 610 meters, a dam ridge width of 10 meters, and a water capacity of up to 295 million cubic meters. The research results showed that the Mae Kuang Udom Thara dam is slowly subsiding, about -3 to -5 millimetres per year. This subsidence rate could be used as one of the factors to consider with other deformation surveying measurements. In the future, if a more significant displacement is detected, a dam break could occur. Furthermore, the researcher used HEC-RAS 6.0 model to analyze and process flooded areas in 3D and prepare for an Emergency Action Plan (EAP). The warning process is to be developed as standard criteria and guidelines for operations in the next step of future operation.
ธนวัฒน์ บุณยะผลึก
Application of Digital Technology for Evaluation of Large-Scale Road Infrastructure Investment Projects
Assuring the quality of road infrastructure system is the main element for enhancing economic competitiveness of the nation. In each year, road authorities are continuously performing large-scale road infrastructure investment projects. Such projects must resolve the key performance indexes with regards to the national strategy including the reduction of logistic costs, the reduction of road fatalities, and the reduction of GHG emission accrued from road infrastructure projects. Thus, evaluating the effectiveness of large-scale road infrastructure projects is very essential for road authorities to improve the operational, safety, and environmental impacts. This study aimed to introduce digital technology for monitoring and evaluating the performance of large-scale road infrastructure projects. The study applied Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and video analytics technologies for collecting data, managing big data, and analyze data relevant to the project performances. Such data include traffic volume, vehicle speed, traffic conflict, risks of accident, and air pollution. This study selected the rural road Pathum Thani 3004 as a case study to implement and present the potential of the innovation technology in evaluating large-scale road infrastructure projects.
ชาครีย์ บำรุงวงศ์
ปรเมศวร์ เหลือเทพ
Quality Assessment of Ballast Cleaning by Ballast Cleaning Machine
The ballasted track is the most widely used in the rail transportation system. The maintenance schemes of the ballast track are essential to maintain the performance of the railway. The track maintenance to provide good track can be separated into (i) track superstructure, including the rail, fastening system, and sleeper that support the load from the train by reducing the stresses for the substructure layer. (ii) track substructure consists of ballast, sub-ballast, and subgrade that support the loads and distribute them to the foundation. Ballast cleaning is the method to remove existing fouling material in order to ensure good track substructure performance. Ballast fouling significantly affects the bearing capacity of track structure, which can be evaluated by increasing fine particle and ballast degradation. This study presents the type of evaluation and quality assessment of ballast cleaning by the undercutting machine in Thailand, which comprises the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and ballast gradation based on the case study of the northern railway line of the State Railway of Thailand (SRT) and also recommended to track maintenance plan in the future.
พิษณุ พลายนุวัตร
Highway maintenance project prioritization : Super-Efficiency DEA Approach
Highway maintenance plays an important role in keeping a good transportation network performance. Due to the number of rural highway maintenance projects, the project prioritization is therefore a factor that will result in efficient budget allocation. This study uses the Super-efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method for the prioritization of the rural highway maintenance. The inputs and outputs are considered from the engineering, social, economic and environmental information. From the case study in Chiang Rai province, the results reveal a score for the priority of each route. The Engineering factor seems to be the most significant factor.
Community Participation in Road Safety Management: A Case Study of Thong Aen Community
This study aims to encourage the community to pay more attention to participating in road safety management by applying relevant principles: (1) Community-based management (Bottom-up Approach), which is the people who are the participants in the policy direction and direct development processes with “context-sensitive solution design (CSD)”, (2) Empowerment, which creates the sustainability of the community, resource sharing system, voluntary, and trust, and (3) Data analysis by using the Community-based Research (CBR). The main purpose of the CBR is to encourage people in the community to deal with problems by themselves under the support of mentors. Researches that were prepared by outsiders need to be done by people in the community. The problems should be raised by people in the community to create community power in managing various problems. The goal of this project is to develop the capacity of people in the community to work on road safety management focusing on the main components of the community (schools, temples, localities) as the center. The study area is located in the Thong Aen community, Thong Aen sub-district, Inburi district, Singburi province. The result of the study was called the Thong Aen model, which will be used as a pioneer model for the development of road safety management system at the community level. The interesting issues in this model are school road safety management, junctions, crossings, creating traffic discipline, etc. In addition, this research proposed that the management of road accidents must be operated in both schemes—top-down and bottom-up approaches. This model will be pushed towards expanding its performance to other areas.
Guidelines Repairing for Vernacular Wooden Houses in Sakon Nakhon Old town
The objective of this research was to examine the condition of vernacular wooden houses in Sakon Nakhon old town and suggest repair methods in accordance with conservation guidelines; scope of study was 7 one-story wooden houses and 24 two-story wooden houses, total of 31 units. Located on both sides of Charoen Muang Road, Makkalai Road, Jai Phasuk Road and Ruang Sawat Road. The results showed that structural damage is the decay of the bunting; the house-collapsed column has a tilt and cracks along the splinter, wooden poles and roof batten, architectural damage is damaged walls, floors, frames, door panels and eaves. The damage to the house is still within the allowable criteria of the Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning for the method of repairing the collapsed structure using lifting and ejecting techniques and strengthening the new base architectural repair methods are used to replace the original material or imitate it. By maintaining the style that represents the uniqueness of the wooden houses in this area. This research is the starting point for preserving valuable architecture in the historic district, which can be linked to the tourist attractions of Sakon Nakhon Province
จารุวัฒน์ ถาวรไพศาลชีวะ
BIM application and management of Khok Nong Na construction project
The objective of this research is to present Building Information Modeling (BIM) and how to apply drone aerial photography technology to assist Khok Nong Na project by using a calculation strategy to find water retention by comparing between new volumetric calculation procedure and the standard procedure. For the definition of Khok Nong Na project, the project area can store the volume of water about 4,000 cubic meters per 4,800 square meters of land area. To generate the simulation modeling, researchers will collect the photography information by using a drone to explore the project area and then passing data to Revit program to calculate and design the storage location to be able to contain 4,057.65 cubic meters of water volume. Furthermore, researchers will collect the actual data from the project site by using these 2 procedures; 1. The standard volumetric survey with a tape measure which can calculate storage volume as 4,043.75 cubic meters. 2. The survey using drone aerial photographic can calculate storage volume as 4,042.14 cubic meters. From the study, researchers found that BIM technology can support Khok Nong Na project management to show the volume of the excavated soil, land reclamation, and 3D model for comparing with a standard volumetric method to finalize the calculation result as close as possible. Besides that, the results proved that applying BIM technology can increase project efficiency and overcome project barriers by reducing costs, time, and the number of staff. Additionally, this research and 3D model are a soft power to promote Khok Nong Na project to people who is interested and contractors to see the whole picture and understand the concept easily.
Approaches for Waste Management in Civil Engineering Laboratory in Accordance with Enhancement of Safety Practice of Research Laboratory (ESPReL) : Case Study of Faculty of Engineering Nakhon Phanom University
Study and research activities in civil engineering laboratory causes mostly construction material wastes which must be managed for orderliness safety and waste minimization. Waste management system survey in accordance with Enhancement of Safety Practice of Research Laboratory (ESPReL) was applied to evaluate the waste management system in civil engineering laboratory of Faculty of Engineering Nakhon Phanom University. The wastes found in laboratories were ruins of concrete, brick, cement, iron, asphalt, wood and chemical bottles. Waste data management, waste collection, waste minimization and waste treatment and disposal were evaluated. The study mostly found no waste management according to the ESPReL. However, some issues were in line with the practice such as the appearance of exact waste storage area. The waste management approaches were proposed consistent to ESPReL and the individual practice factors of the sample laboratories. Some examples of good management can be made into a practice guide on waste inspection and management. The useful information can be applied for waste management in other civil engineering laboratories or other similar laboratories.
The Possible Use of Crushed Interlocking Lightweight Concrete Blocks as The Aggregate in Production of New Lightweight Concrete Blocks: A Way Towards Circular Economy
The aggregate are the natural materials most used in construction. The demand for use increases with the urbanization causing environmental sustainability problems. There is also a waste management problem that all countries are facing. To mitigate these two problems, the circular economy was introduced, which focuses on the efficient use of natural resources with minimal impact on the environment. One possible way to do this is to recycle used products as raw materials for production. Therefore, this research was to study the potential of cellular lightweight concrete blocks (CLC) type C10 damaged from the manufacturing process. They were crushed and used as recycled aggregate, replacing sand, in the production of new CLC with different mix formulas. It was found that the crushed blocks had a specific gravity similar to that of normal river sand but had a higher water absorption rate than that of river sand. The new CLC (Type C12) were found that the compressive strength of all mix formulas, at the curing age of 28 days, ranging from 27-39 kg/cm2, which were higher than the standard, TIS.2601-2556. The percent water absorption of most mix formulas, except only one, ​​passed the criteria. But the density values ​​of almost all formulas were in the range of 1,166-1,423 kg/m3, which were higher than the C12-type CLC density.
วริสรา เลิศไพฑูรย์พันธ์
The Flooded Areas Assessment in Ubon Ratchathani Province with MIKE FLOOD Model
Ubon Ratchathani experienced the great floods in 1938, 1978, 2002 and most recently in September 2019. Flooding in 2019 was stronger than in 2002. The water level in 2019 is 115.88 m msl and the water level in 2002 is 115.77 m msl. The purpose of this study is to assess flooded areas from rainfall and runoff at the 10-year, 20-year, 50-year and 100-year return periods using MIKE FLOOD model. The flooded areas affected by runoff at the 10-year, 20-year, 50-year and 100-year return periods are 487.59, 696.55, 837.63 and 944.57 km2, respectively. The flooded areas are from the end of Rasi Salai dam to Pak Mun dam, including the Mun river, the Chi river and the branch river that flows into the Mun river. Heavy flooding occurred in Mueang Si Sa Ket district, Kanthararom district, Si Sa Ket province, and Khuang Nai district, Mueang Ubon Ratchathani district, Warin Chamrap district, Ubon Ratchathani province. On the other hand, flooded areas affected by rainfall at the 10-year, 20-year, 50-year and 100-year return periods are 206.03, 214.54, 228.31 and 259.76 km2, respectively. Rainfall in both of Si Sa Ket district and Ubon Ratchathani province are not the main cause of flooding in these two provinces because the flooded areas increase only slightly in each return period. Since runoff from upstream basin is included in runoff data that input to the MIKE FLOOD model, flooded areas affected by runoff is more than flooded areas affected by rainfall. Then, the main cause of flooding in Si Sa Ket district and Ubon Ratchathani province is the runoff from upstream basin.
The photo-video processing application development to measure surface flow velocity
Measuring flow velocity in natural waterway is complex, time-consuming and complicated, along with the expensive instruments. Furthermore, the operators grievously need to have expertise knowledge, including processing and analyzing the results which take a long time. The objective of this paper, is to develop the photo-video processing application to measure surface flow velocity in the Chi River as a case study. The flow velocity was measured with 3 sets of Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler for comparisons. The results showed that the surface velocity values ​​​​from the application were measured with the averages of 0.72, 0.75, and 0.69 m/sec, which the samples of the photo-video from smart phone are green and yellow weeds and a log, respectively. The surface flow velocity was measured by the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler showed that current velocity was with the average of 0.75 m/sec. Which shows that measuring surface flow velocity with photo-video processing application is a simple method and can find surface flow velocity close to the actual measured value which is convenient, expeditious and close to standard tool.
Investigating Groundwater Variability and Hydrological Parameters using Trend and Correlation Analysis for the Lower Mekong River Basin Countries
Groundwater is an important source of freshwater in the Lower Mekong River Basin (LMRB). Understanding the relationship between groundwater variability and hydrological parameters is critical for the sustainable water resource management. The study applied the Earth Observation (EO) data and the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform for investigating trend and correlation values between groundwater variability and hydrological parameters in the LMRB from 2002 to 2017. The results of this study show that there are increasing trends of precipitation, evapotranspiration (ET), and runoff in Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam but it is clearly found decreasing trends in Cambodia. From the relationship between liquid water equivalent thickness (LWE) and water storage changes (ΔS), a travel time of groundwater recharge in the study area is about 1 month due to p-value > 0.05 for lags of 2-3 months. Precipitation has a relationship with the LWE stronger than ET and runoff. Moreover, the study indicates the LWE of four countries in the LMRB region has a decreasing trend during 2002-2006 and an increasing trend during 2007-2011 and continuously decreasing trend during 2011-2016. Thus, the study can provide an information for the groundwater resource management in the study area such as determining groundwater recharge areas etc.
พ.อ.ดร.พงศ์พันธุ์ จันทะคัต
ร้อยเอก ณฐพัสต์ สุขสมสถาน
Development of Budget Management for Water Resources Management in Thailand
The water resource is of great importance to the livelihood and the balance of the environment. It is a crucial factor in economic activities in the agricultural, manufacturing, and service sectors. Nonetheless, Thailand has experienced an imbalance in water demand and supply due to the continuous increase in population, the increasing production of the industry and agriculture. Moreover, the decreasing forests have caused drought and flood events in many areas. Therefore, Thailand has given importance to the management of the entire water system to develop the watershed management system as a whole. The objectives are to increase the country's water security and to ensure that the country's water resource management is practical following the national strategy (2018 – 2037) and the Water Resources Act B.E. 2018 through an appropriate and efficient government budget allocation process. However, Thailand had a current water management approach; it had to go through more or less a process of trial and error through past budget allocations. Therefore, this study attempted to extract lessons learned from the development of budget management in water resources management in Thailand from past to present to reflect on past management practices, including achievements, indicators, and benefits of budget expenditure.
Oil Spills Simulation in Rayong Coastal Area
Oil spills cause severe problems to the environment and the economy. To manage the oil spill problem after it is released into the sea, it is necessary to know the current pattern and wind information. This study aimed to simulate the oil spill in Rayong coastal area on 26 January 2022 using the GNOME models. The GNOME model was calibrated using a satellite image from GISTDA when the severe oil spill event occurred near Samet Island on 27 July 2013. In the case of oil spills at Rayong coastal on 26 January 2022, the results have shown the oil spill will finally move to attack the Khao Leam Ya national park beach, which is around 9 km on the Eastern side of IRPC Industrial Estate, at 1.00 p.m. of 29 January 2022. Although the actual situation, the satellite image from GISTDA showed the oil spill moved to the coastal at 10.35 a.m. on 29 January 2022, faster than the model, about two and a half hours. This preliminary study will lead to further development to be accurate and precise. Further improvements in oil spill modeling should focus on another weathering process of spilled oil. The improvement in the parameterization of oil transport, since the accuracy of the transport process, depends on the accuracy of the circulation and atmospheric models.
Flooding Simulation In the Mun River Ubonratchathani Province of the Year 2019 Using Infoworks-ICM : In Case Study From Mueang Ubonratchathani District To the Estuary of the Mun River
This article presents the results of simulating flooding conditions of the Mun river. A case study of the Mun River from Muang District Ubon Ratchathani Province to the Mun River estuary in 2019 using Infoworks-ICM. By collecting and analyzing the data in the basic of model study including to meteorological and hydrology data, characteristics of physical section of Mun River basin along the model methodology. The study will calculate and simulate by using the collected data and model calibration in basic flow conditions and finally forecast the flood conditions that occurred in the year 2019. The results found that there are many factor that affect to the occurrence of floods, including the continuation of the storm, many successive collections of the Chi River basin which carry the water before flowing into the study area. Shape and physical dimensions of the Mun River along the entire length and the presence of shoals on islets that obstruct the flow of water and the level of the Mekong River, which is filled with water downstream, etc. Condition simulation methodology it is a on-dimensional flow study. The imported data consists of the 65 cross-sections, including the distance studied along the river of approximately 90 km, and the topographic model of the watershed created from the system. Geographic information (GIS) with hydraulic flow rates at upstream stations and water level irrigation at the downstream station of the river range considered as the condition the upstream and downstream boundaries, respectively, were used to synthesize the data with the equation related to the flow rate and the watershed area size. The flow volume at the estuary of the branch and used as the side flow data for the model. And the extent of flooded areas, which can be used as educational representatives. Flood conditions in 2019 and the model can also be used as a tool for the management of the Mun River during the study area.
เสาวณีย์ บุญเลิศ
Estimation of radar rainfall using radar composite techniques between the Sattahip and Rayong radar stations
The application of radar rainfall data from a single station could contain errors and led to inaccuracy in rainfall estimation. The paper aimed to present the result of the study on the efficiency of rainfall estimation using radar composition techniques between the Sattahip and Rayong radar stations. Four radar composite techniques comprising the average (AVG), nearest distance (DIST), maximum (MAX) and weighted distance (WD) were used in this study. Reflectivity data from both radar stations and gauge rainfall data from 127 automatic rain gauge stations corresponding to 26 rainfall events in 2020 were used for the analysis. By considering all rainfall events, it was found that all composite methods produced more accurate radar rainfall estimation than the estimation from individual radar station. To this regard, the AVG method gave the best results as its increased accuracy was accounted 11.4 percent of the estimation using data from the Rayong radar station. However, the accuracy was close to the WD and DIST methods whereas the MAX method provided least accuracy. When considering the efficiency of the composite techniques based on the rainfall intensity, it was found that the MAX method apparently increased the accuracy of radar rainfall estimation, comparing with the remaining three methods. Additionally, the MAX could significantly improve the accuracy of moderate rain estimation by 28.42 percent of the estimation using Rayong radar data.
Developing Artificial Neural Network for Predicting Groundwater Level in Sensitive Area
The developing of groundwater takes advantages for consumption, agriculture, industry and business. The drilling groundwater wells as the secondary water sources and observation wells for check the groundwater quality and quantity required huge investments. In the limited water resource and sensitive area, the development of groundwater wells required the consideration and analysis carefully. Therefore, an artificial neural network system was developed to assist a decision making in groundwater level for drilling wells. and level. The data were the topography, hydrogeology, environment, groundwater pumping regulation and groundwater drilling and exploring standard. The data was trained, calibrated, validated, and tested until the correlations were reasonable for predict the groundwater level and position. The research can be used for deciding the groundwater development and benefit for the sensitive area, water shortage, outside the irrigation area.
Calibration of HEC-HMS Hydrologic Model Using SMAP Soil Moisture Data in Lam Plai Mat Basin
The paper proposes the application of satellite soil moisture (Soil Moisture Active Passive, SMAP) for estimating parameters of hydrological model (HEC-HMS) in a basin with limited runoff observation. The Lam Plai Mat, a tributary of the Mun River, was selected. Most of drainage area of Lam Plai Mat (approximately 4,900 km2) is located in Buriram province. SMAP data was collected since available in 2015 and observed streamflow (M.185) from 2015 to 2017. The Soil Moisture Accounting (SMA) algorithm of HEC-HMS was configured for the continuous simulation. Model parameters were initially estimated using the physical and hydraulic properties corresponding to the basin soil and land use and further adjusted by comparing the simulated soil moisture by HEC-HMS with soil moisture from SMAP data. The selected model parameters included infiltration, surface storage, and soil storage. Model performance comparing with the observed runoff was satisfied. Satellite soil moisture data provide invaluable information for hydrologic modeling in ungauged basin.
Application of SWAT Hydrological Model and GSMap Satellite Rainfall Data to Estimate Runoff in Ungauged Watershed: A Case Study of Lam Paniang Watershed
The amount of runoff is related to the amount of rainfall distributed over the watershed area. While the runoff station and rainfall in the regional watershed, especially in the northeast area, are still few which affect water management in the whole watershed. The objective of this study was to study the trend of change of runoff in ungauged area of Lam Phaniang watershed by applying SWAT model together with GSMap satellite rainfall data between 2010 - 2020. The study results were found that SWAT model runoff analysis integrated with GSMap satellite rainfall data with the total number of 55 stations covered watershed. The value results were in acceptable criteria compared with E.64 and E.68A runoff stations that had reliability shown with almost R2>0.6, NSE>0.5 and PBIAS±25%. As a result, the runoff simulation in unguage upstream, could be carried out efficiently and the results of sub-watershed runoff were displayed in spatial map form. This study results study showed that SWAT model and GSMap satellite rainfall data could be appropriately applied to estimate the amount of runoff in unguaged watershed. The results of this analysis were expected to be used to support effective water management planning to reduce the impact of flooding or drought in the area.
จตุรงค์ ภาคสามศรี
A Study of Water Quality for Consumption of Si-Chang Island with Geographic Information System
Recently, small and medium islands were face a shortage of fresh water for consumption, especially, small island with tourist destination, because it was a limited in resources, topography and physical properties. In dry season, It severely affected the lives. Si-Chang Island was selected because it was affected by this event every year. It had natural wells for absorbing seepage and surface waters. The surface water and groundwater were considered to freshwater source. Then, the water quality needed to examine for improve to meet the water standards for consumption. It will help the good health and quality of life for people. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the water quality for consumption in Si-Chang Island followed by the Department of Health drinking water standard 2020 and analyzed the water quality mapping for indicating water treatment position and guidelines for assessing water quality. The data input consisted of the elevation, slope, water path line; and use and collected the random water sample from reservoirs and wells that people used for consumption 9 samples. The water quality was generate using Inverse distance weighting method (IDW) and presented through the Geographic Information System (GIS). The results showed that the water quality was in the water standard criteria. It can be used for consumption if no other water source. However, the water needed to be treatment by boiling because Coliform Bacteria and E. coli pathogens are found. They caused diarrhea. The south of Si-Chang Island was no houses, but it was a landfill area. Then, the water quality was contaminated with many harmful substances, such as, arsenic and Fluoride. Water in the south did not be used for consumption.
Evaluation of SWAT Hydrological Model Performance for Runoff Simulation Using Multi-Site Calibration and Validation Techniques in Mun River Basin
The application of hydrological model is important in the assessment of hydrological conditions at the watershed level. Configuring the model to maximize the accuracy of the results is an important step in determining the effectiveness of hydrological models, especially in large watersheds with multiple observed stations. The aim of this study was to present a technique for calibration and validation the results of runoff simulations in Mun River Basin, Northeastern of Thailand when using SWAT and SWAT-CUP between 1991-2020, compared with data from 29 observed stations. The results indicated that the technique of dividing the area into 3 main areas (upstream, midstream and downstream) and the determination of the outlet point of the sub-basins at the observed station could be effectively implemented. In addition, after adjusting the values of 8 sensitivity parameters in SWAT-CUP covered all areas to determine the optimal values of the model. This was indicated by the R2 index of most of the comparative positions in the 29 Mun River Basin areas at satisfactory level. However, to adjust the calculations to bring the NS and PBIAS indexes to an acceptable level, it was necessary to find a suitable procedure for SWAT-CUP analysis. The techniques presented in this study are expected to be applied to simulate hydrological conditions for large river basins with adequate observed stations. This is to confirm the development of accurate, efficient, reliable and most effective tools for sustainable water resource management.
วินัย เชาวน์วิวัฒน์
สมพินิจ เหมืองทอง
กนกศรี ศรินนภากร
สุรเจตส์ บุญญาอรุณเนตร
Unconfined Groundwater Storage Change over the Greater Chao Phraya River Basin
Groundwater monitoring network is essential to monitor groundwater levels and usage, however, it requires relatively high capital and human resources. Advanced land surface modeling and data assimilation techniques using ground based observations and satellite products provide complementary information concerning space and time for groundwater change Global Land Data Assimilation System version 2.2 (GLDA-v2.2) provides daily groundwater storage (GWS) products from 2003 to present for unconfined aquifers. This study aims to analyze monthly groundwater storage change over the Greater Chao Phraya River basin between 2009 to 2018 using data from the monitoring wells with their screen depth less than 30 meters for validation. The Mann-Kendall test was used to analyze GWS trends. Based on the GWS from GLDAS-v2.2 the GWS in the transition zone from the upper to the lower part of the Greater Chao Phraya River basin (around Kamphaeng Phet, Phichit, Sukhothai, and Nakhon Sawan provinces) is lower compared to the GWS in the northern part of the Greater Chao Phraya River basin. The estimated GWS from the observed water table level is based on the water table fluctuation (WTF) method (GWSWTF). The correlation coefficient between GWSGLDAS and GWSWTF is greater than 0.7. Overall, GWSGLDAS is underestimated compared to GWSWTF. According to the Mann-Kendall Test, the groundwater storage has significant change (p < 0.05) in most of the Greater Chao Phraya River basin except during the transition period (TS). The GWS in the northern part of the Greater Chao Phraya River basin around Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Lampang, Phrae, and Phayao provinces shows higher depletion compared to the lower part of the Greater Chao Phraya River basin. For seasonal change, the highest depletion occurred during the southwest monsoon (SW) with the depletion rate of 3.4 mm/month, followed by depletion during Northeast monsoon (NE) which is 3.0 mm/month. For the transition period (TS), the depletion rate is 2.5 mm/month. The analysis of monthly data shows that the highest annual GWS depletion is 1.2 mm/month. The increasing trend occurred around Samut Sakhon, Bangkok, Pathum Thani, and Nakhon Nayok provinces. The rate of increasing trend in those provinces is up to 0.50 mm/month.
The sediment drainage efficiency of a sand sluice gate in the motionless state bedload
The sand sluice gate opening levels is an important problem for sand deposition drainage with the appropriate flow rate. This research proposes the determination of sand drainage efficiency by opening the sand sluice gate at different levels in the motionless state of bedload. The sand draining efficiency was determined from an experiment in an Ogee weir physical model with one sand sluice gate, 0.18 x 0.18 m2 in width and height. The experimental sand deposition depth was set at 22%, 33%, 66%, and 100% of the sand sluice gate height. For water drainage purposes, the sand sluice gate was opened at 20%-100% of the sand sluice gate height. The experimental sand-size sediment is 0.85-2.00 mm., D50 is 1.5 mm sand-size. The data obtained from the experiment consisted of the maximum erosion distance from the sand sluice gate, the maximum side erosion distance of the sand sluice gate, and the sand drained volume. The experiment results show that the sand sluice gate opening level from 60% to 100% provides the maximum side erosion distance, and the longest erosion distances from the sluice gate were 1 and 2 times the sluice gate width, respectively. The sand deposition from 22% to 100% of sand sluice gate height was drained about 3%-34% of total sand deposition volume. The best sand sluice gate opened value is 60% sand sluice gate height which provided the volume of sand drained is nearly 80% and 100% sand sluice gate opened. Therefore, the gate opened at 60% sand sluice gate height provides much sediment drained while reserving more water for the dry season.
ธนวัฒน์ จันทร์แก้ว
วิชญาภา บุญประเสริฐ
ASSESSING FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING OF CHAO PHRAYA RIVER BASIN USING RAINFALL-RUNOFF-INUNDATION (RRI) MODEL WITH VARIOUS RETURN PERIODS ON THE BASIN
The Chao Phraya River Basin is an important basin that occupies an important position in central Thailand. This basin is an important strategic point that affects the economy, travel, and lifestyle of Thai people. But this area has been suffering from floods for a long time, such as the severe flood in 2011, which causes a waste of opportunity in terms of the economy and the development of the country. This study performed flood hazard simulations in the Chao Phraya River Basin by using the rainfall-runoff-inundation (RRI) model, which is a two-dimensional distributed hydrological model that can simulate the river runoff and inundation depth. Then, the maximum flood inundation maps can be produced by using geoprocessing models (ArcGIS). The rainfall gauge data was analyzed with various return periods to perform the different scenarios at 50, 100, and 200 years return periods. The results from this study could be further used to estimate the economic loss leading to the development of flood risk management planning in the Chao Phraya River Basin.
ชิดสุมน ศศิรัตน์
Evaluating Variation in the SCS Runoff Curve Number 2 (CN2) Efficiency during Flash Flood and Land Use Change Situations using SWAT Model in Loei Basin
The flash flood was common problem in immerse flood season. It destroyed shelters and agricultural plain area. The causes were heavy rain from river source to river mouth and changing of land used. The purposes of this study were 1.) To apply “SWAT” model to evaluate the effective of water flowing at Loei basin, Loei province. (Khong river of Northeastern river region, Thailand) 2.) To compare water quality of flash flood occurred in year 2002, 2011 and 2017 with year 2009 effected with land used. The results were as conditional water level in daily from “SWAT” modal compared with measurement station was at KH.58A in year 2009. The reliability was at R2 NES and PBIAS was at concessive level. The changing of soil used tendency compared with three periods of time that amplified to country side, sugar cane gardens and also rubber gardens. Especially in rubber gardens, price was increased instead of old agriculture. The water of land surface level was increased in rainy season at 30 percentage and related with CN2 increased. The minor river was water collected point and agricultural area was changed to city. This study could apply to make data decision, set land used administration, set water resource for people and for government agencies that could face with hydrology flash changed in immerse flood season.
Hydrological drought assessment in Nam Oon basin based on Streamflow Drought Index (SDI)
Drought is a widespread natural phenomenon throughout. It occurs at a time when streamflow availability in the watershed shows a trend that is lower than the annual average, causing insufficient demand and affecting the reservoir's water resource management. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of hydrologic drought related to streamflow using the Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) of the Nam Oon Reservoir in Sakon Nakhon Province. The SDI values were calculated over time periods of 3, 6, and 9 months, comparing the upstream area above the reservoir and the downstream area of the reservoir with regulating over water allocation. The results of hydrological drought analysis using SDI in both areas showed trends in the same direction. At site station of dam and station KH108, HK54. The number of months of drought-phenomena at station KH108 ranged between 55.32% -65.91% of time periods 6 months. The SDI values were mainly expressed in Mild Drought between 21.8%-33.9%. In addition, the SDI at the upstream area illustrates a higher chance of drought than the downstream area due to reservoir management. The methodology and results obtained from this study are expected to be used as statistical data for decision-making in drought mitigation planning during the recurrence period in the watershed area.
Application of Geographic Information System for Analysis of Flood Risk Areas in Kolok River Basin, Narathiwat province
The objective of this research is to analyze the flood risk areas using the GIS model combined with the analytical hierarchical process in Kolok River Basin, Narathiwat. Land use and soil series are considered. The risk of flooding areas is categorized into five levels including the lowest, low, moderate, high and very high. The result shows that 35 percent of the total area is in the high flood risk area that is covered 76 percent of agricultural land. Moreover, the soil series has quite bad drainage characteristics. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is similar to GISTDA in terms of flood forecasting, with an area of 41.37 square kilometers, or 92.16 percent of total high real flood areas.
A Study of the Solitary Wave Energy Attenuation through Pervious Concrete Breakwater
Coastal erosion is a primary problem for coastal communities worldwide. Furthermore, the climate change impact and the resulting sea-level rise have reduced the sediment transportation along the coast, deteriorated infrastructure, and the natural coastal environment. These significant concerns lead to extensive innovations in coastal protection. Breakwaters are coastal structures typically applied for shorelines protection and sheltering harbours by providing wave energy attenuation and reflecting amounts of wave currents. In the present study, pervious concrete is utilised as a permeable breakwater considering the influence of permeability introduced to deliver the ecological friendliness defence for shorelines. A physical experimental model evaluated four models of structures that differed in porosity (15%, 20%, 25% and 30%) to study and analyse the performance of pervious concrete breakwater over the solitary wave impact. Subsequently, the hydrodynamic scattering coefficient (i.e., reflection, transmission, and dissipation coefficient) is analysed by considering changes in physical parameters such as the relative water depth and the wave period. In addition, the physical properties (i.e., void ratio test and permeability test) were also investigated. The experiments were conducted in the open channel flume (12 m. long, 0.6 m. wide, and 0.8 m. high) at KMUTT. The results were analysed and indicate that the introduction of pervious concrete breakwater improves wave transmission, reflection, and wave dissipation performance. As a result, a pervious concrete breakwater is a feasible alternative for a prospective coastal protection structure.
Analysis of Runoff by SWAT Model to Assess Dam Safety Situation: a Case Study of Lam Khan Chu Reservoir, Chaiyaphum Province
The runoff that flows into the reservoir during severe storms has the potential to affect the safety of large-sized reservoirs, especially considering the amount of groundwater around the dam ridge structure. The objective of this study was to assess the runoff in the Lam Kan Chu Reservoir located in the Chi River Basin during 2018-2020, covering the period of the tropical storm Noul. The SWAT model was applied to simulate the condition of runoff flowing into the reservoir compared to the recorded data from the reservoir, and the results of the analysis of the lateral flowing into the subsurface were compared with the measurements at the dam ridge. The results of the study found that calibration and validation accuracy of the model showed an index of R2 of 0.74 and NSE of 0.72, which was good. When the results were taken into the SWAT-Check model, the groundwater content was assessed and correlated with the groundwater level readings from the groundwater level dam behavior measurement instrument. The results indicated an R2 index of 0.51, which implied that the runoff in the reservoir affected the groundwater acting on the dam crest. The methods and results of this study are therefore expected to be a guideline for applying SWAT and SWAT-Check to analyze the level and groundwater in medium and small reservoirs that are not equipped with dam behavior measurement tools for the purpose of assessing the condition of dam safety.
พิษณุ ศรีศุภอรรถ
Runoff Simulation of Lam Chiang Krai Watershed Using SWAT Model
Lam Chiang Krai Reservoir caused a dam to collapse, possibly due to a change of hydrological conditions from its design and the high amount of rainfall due to Tropical Storm Dian Mu causing severe flooding in the Lam Chiang Krai Basin in 2021. The simulation that helps to learn the hydrological conditions is another method to support reservoir management plans. This study simulates the runoff entering Lam Chiang Krai Reservoir using the SWAT model together with the analysis of the extreme runoff with different return periods. The results showed that the SWAT model gave the simulated results of the runoff at the relation of R2 = 0.72 and NSE = 0.71 compared to the actual data measured at the Lam Chiang Krai Reservoir station. The results of the extreme runoff study use the Log Pearson distribution (type III) for estimating the amount of runoff in the Lam Chiang Krai Reservoir at return periods of 25, 50 and 100 years. Also, the results of this study can be suggested to prevent dam subsidence and increase the efficiency of Lam Chiang Krai Reservoir in the future.
Determination of water infiltration in bioretention with double ring infiltrometer
The increasing land developments have reduced the natural surface porosity, leading to more frequent and severe flooding or runoff in urban areas. Therefore, encourage the design of empty spaces to increase the potential to reduce flooding by increasing water infiltration into the soil layer. This type of area is known as bioretention. However, to measure the area's infiltration, it is necessary to find a proper field experiment. A preliminary investigation found that agriculture uses the double-ring infiltrometer for infiltration measurements. Therefore, this research is an experiment to measure the water seepage rate of a double-ring infiltrometer to test the ability to support rainwater of bioretention in the field. The results demonstrated that a random convenient collection data from collecting infiltration data of bioretention in Muang District, Chiang Mai Province 4 times, differing in 4 months, including October, November, December, and February. The study found that the data were divided into October and February, with an average seepage rate of 8.0 mm/h, behaving like sandy soil. In November and December, the second group had an average seepage rate of 30.6 mm/h. behaves like clay loam. In addition to calculating the filtration rate, the results of this study also proved that the double-ring infiltrometer seepage rate measurement device could be applied to determine the efficiency of the design of the bioretention. This research will help support the design of bioretention to reduce the problem of flooding in urban areas effectively.
A Study of Engineering Properties of the Soil on Si–Chung Island for SWAT Modeling
Si–Chung Island is a tourist destination, although it covers an area of 4square kilometers. The geologic stratification consists of marble and sandstone. The heavy rain fell in rainy season, but the water was insufficient in dry season. The governor needs to buy fresh water from Siracha’s mainland, which high cost. Water shortage can reduce economic potential and negatively impacts of lives. The discovered groundwater resources were insufficient for demand due to the aquifers. Thus, surface water exploitation must perform properly. Estimation of surface runoff on small islands can be performed using Geographic Information System (GIS), which contains an extension Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for calculate hydrological cycle, many parameters required. Some of them are SOL (Soil parameters) that impact surface runoff quantities. In case of Si–Chung Island, there are no available data for soil series, it was unable to meet reliable soil data. The purpose of this research to determine soil map and soil parameters, based on testing result. Soil sample was collected 14 locations all over the island, divided soil region by using Thiessen polygon. The initial soil data of Si–Chung Island was generated. The results showed that most of the soils on Si–Chung were classified as sandy clay soils. Hydrological soils can be classified to group C and D. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is low and high surface runoff potential.
วิธวินท์ ห.เพียรเจริญ
Flood Warning by An Antecedent Precipitation Index for Chanod Basin
Chanod Basin is located in Dong Luang District, Mukdahan province and That Phanom District, Nakhon Phanom province. There is Chanod Creek as the mainstream which has a relatively high slope at upstream and a lower slope before flowing into the Mekong river, Wan Yai District, Mukdahan. The nature of the flooding in Chanod basin is therefore characterized by the flash flooding in the upstream area, occurred in a short period of time. Baan Dan Sawan area, Um Mao Subdistrict, That Phanom District, Nakhon Phanom and nearby areas are one of the important economic villages located in Chanod Basin, which has been frequently affected by floods. From the floods in the past was found that the damage in that area was high due to the inability to warn and evacuate in time. The objective of this study was to find a way to prevent flooding from entering into Baan Dan Sawan by using the Antecedent Precipitation Index (API), which is an index used to measure the amount of soil moisture accumulated, a result of the Rainfall accumulation. The higher the Rainfall Index (API), the higher the chance of flooding. In this study, the daily accumulated rain was calculated and converted into the precipitation index. The daily rainfall data used in this study was based one rain gauge station, named 240220 during the years 1998 to 2018, to calculate for the flood warning by using Baan Kon Sawan Kh.91 station as a forecasting station. It was found that when the amount of rainfall in Chanod Basin above Baan Khon Sawan station, Kh.91, rained more than 150 mm. for 3 consecutive days and the Rainfall Index (API) was equal to 150 mm. will cause flooding in the area of Baan Dan Sawan, Um Mao Subdistrict, That Phanom District, Nakhon Phanom. The results of this study can be used to warn of flooding in the area of Baan Dan Sawan.
ไชยาพงษ์ เทพประสิทธิ์
A Development of Thai Soil Database for SWAT Model
This study prepares Thai soil database for SWAT model. The Mea Chaem basin, Chiangmai, and Upper Huai Luang basin, Udon Thani, are employed as the test areas. The daily and monthly runoff estimated from SWAT using the proposed Thai soil database and the FAO soil database is compared. The results show that hydrographs estimated from both soil databases are similar while using FAO soil database provides slightly reliable than using Thai soil database. Since some parameters of Thai soil database have not collected, the estimation using relationship of those parameters with other basic parameters is then applied. In addition, there are no data in the high slope area, the soil properties in vicinity is then employed. Then, for more reliability of Thai soil database, the further investigation for soil survey and its properties test are required. The established Thai soil database in Microsoft Excel format name ThaiSoilSeriesSWAT.xlsx is online published at https://engineering.rmutl.ac.th/civil/page/swat-thai-database/.
ปิยะวัฒน์ วุฒิชัยกิจเจริญ
พีรวัฒน์ ปลาเงิน
นุชฎาภรณ์ ณ เชียงใหม่
สิทธิชัย แหล่งป่าหมุ้น
The Estimation of Sediment Dynamics in Mae Chaem River Basin Using SWAT Model
Natural erosion and deposition of sediment along the Mae Chaem River bank area caused by the fluctuated stream flowing through channel segments. The effect of rainfall on soil particles, particularly during the rainy season, causes the soil surface to be washed and moved down the river. Furthermore, sediment transport can destabilize river banks and have an impact on ecosystems, people' livelihoods, and land use management along riversides. As a result, the objective of this study is to assess the daily flow and sediment transport of the Mae Chaem Basin from 2004 to 2013 using the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Furthermore, utilizing the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting 2 (SUFI-2) technique, the SWAT-CUP program was used to emphasize the sensitivity of parameters in a hydrological model. The discharge of model results was calibrated using station 061302 as the inlet and stations P.14 and P.14A as the outlets, with stations 061302 and P.14 also serving as sediment measuring stations. The statistical values of the Coefficient of determination (R2) and the Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE) were in range of 0.82 to 0.46 for calibration and validation periods of sediment evaluation. Furthermore, sediment load simulation revealed that the majority of sediment deposition occurred in the middle of Mae Chaem District, whereas bank erosion was intensely formed downstream, covering the area of Kong Khaek Sub-district, Mae Chaem District, and Bo Luang Sub-district, Hot District, Chiang Mai province.
Development and testing Management Aquifer Recharge Using Ponding System at RamRat Sub-district Nakhon Phanom Province Case Study: Calculation of Recharge in Area
This research is a subset of the main research “Development and testing Management Aquifer Recharge Using Ponding System RamRat Sub-district Nakhon Phanom Province”. This research aims to calculation of recharge in area for development and testing management aquifer recharge using ponding system RamRat Sub-district Nakhon Phanom province. Has an area of 0.31 m2. The results of test method for infiltration rate using double ring infiltrometer and the Horton’s equation (Horton, 1841) are as follows. Lowest infiltration rate is 0.76 mm/day and the highest infiltration rate is 250.38 mm an investigation of the estimating groundwater recharge revealed that, and when the infiltration Rate, calculate the groundwater recharge through the water layer by setting up an equation in the area. 1. Groundwater recharge from rain. 2. Groundwater recharge from forests and agriculture. 3. Groundwater recharge from flood the water. Lowest Groundwater Recharge rate is 0.7 mm, and the highest Groundwater Recharge rate is 242.7 mm and Groundwater Recharge average in area 45.125 mm
Water Resources Study for Strategic Flood Risk Management in Ping-Nan and Chao Phraya River Basin
Thailand has experienced water logging for the last few years. Severe floods occurred in various watersheds with return periods at 15 to 20 years, and it tends to have more frequency due to the influence of global climate change causing more swings in seasonal and rainfall intensity, flooded agricultural areas and people's houses. Even a little rain may cause severe problems for certain city areas, which creates large infrastructure problems for the city and huge economic losses, agricultural products, production and traffic system. Study areas are structured by Nays2DFlood software for the basis on simulating the two-dimension flood flow. This study explored the potential simulation for 2 scenarios; (1) present condition, and (2) blocked retention areas/or monkey cheek. The results show that it was the flood boundaries from the model were close to the flooded areas from GISTDA, some areas were flooded by heavy rain at GISTDA satellite imagery. The comparison of the flood depth from the model with fielded survey. It was found that the flood depth from the model was close to the fielded data. There are differences of the flooded depth of approximately 0.3 to 1.5 meters. For blocked retention areas/or monkey cheek scenario, it was found that overall flooded depth, is increased 0.60 meter. Results from this study can use to estimate flooded risk area, guideline for adaptation planning for water and agriculture management for flood risk management of Ping, Nan and Chao Phraya River basins.
Monthly rainfall forecast in Nakhon Phanom province at the station Lower Nam Kam Project
This research aimed to study the monthly rainfall in Nakhon Phanom Province collected from the Monthly Rainfall Survey Station of the Lower Nam Kam Project, That Phanom District, Nakhon Phanom Province. The objective of this research was to find a suitable forecast technique for monthly rainfall and to compare the error values ​​of two statistical forecast methods: the Box-Jenkins method; and a simple seasonal exponential smoothing method. This is based on the lowest mean absolute percent error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE) from 2009 to 2018. Then, forecast monthly rainfall in advance in 2019 by create a 9-year forecast model to be used as the data for the comparison of the forecast model. The results showed that the Box-Jenkins method of rainfall forecast It is more suitable than the simple seasonal exponential smoothing method. MAPE and RMSE were the lowest based on the forecast from January to December 2019.
ธิปธราดล แผงนาวิน
ภากร ครุฑแสงอนันต์
Pipe Network System Analysis of Provincial Waterworks Authority, Angthong Branch Using EPANET Model
Provincial Water Authority, Angthong Branch that has a high rate of water loss. There are various causes of water loss; such as, leaking pipes, pipe size and water pressure not suitable for the water supply, water pressure management not suitable for demand, etc. This research simulated the water flow and water pressure of the water pipe network using the mathematical model EPANET to analyze the problems and determine the solutions. The data from August 2021 were used to simulated the Ang Thong main water supply station. The calibration results of the water flow rate at outlet DMA01 had the R-square reliability of 0.99. In addition, the R-square from the calibration results of the water pressure was 0.89, respectively. Furthermore, the simulation results of the water flow rate and water pressure of the Angthong PWA indicated that the supply was divided into two period, which were On-peak (17.00 and 18.00 Hrs.) and Off-peak (01.00 and 13.00 Hrs.). The water flow rate and water pressure were sufficient for the users in the 4DMA, except at DMA04 (Ang Thong-Pho Thong Nam Rung) where the water pressure during the On-peak and Off-peak periods was at a critical condition, the water pressure was lower than 5 meters, resulting in weak water supply in the area. Therefore, the water pressure problem at the DMA04 was solved. The best solution was using a pressure reducing valve and pressure management. The results from applied EPANET model, the water pressure at the DMA04 improved and exceed the critical condition 5 meters, and the water pressure managed to correspond to the demand for each period. As a result, and the average water pressure at DMA04 increased from 7.26 to 11.85 meters. Therefore, from case study if the results of the analysis of the water pipe network was applied to practice, resulting in better pressure management and reduce the rate of water loss.
ณัฐวรรณ สุขสุมิตร
ชัยวัฒน์ เอกวัฒน์พานิชย์
ดวงฤดี โฆษิตกิตติวงศ์
A Study on the Number of Waste Valves Affecting Pumping Rates of a Hydraulic Ram
The objective of this research is to study the possibility of increasing the pumping rates of hydraulic ram. The study was conducted into 3 sub-sets which were firstly, experimented by using the prototype hydraulic ram according to the design of the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), secondly, experimented by increased two waste valves in series, and finally, by increased three waste valves in series. The inlet water tank level was 2.15 meters high and the destination water tank was 4.45 meters high. Experimental results were shown that the prototype from NSTDA recorded a flow rate of 7.87 liters per minute, 63% efficiency. While the 2-waste valve experiment observed a pumping rate of 13.30 liters per minute, an efficiency of 52 percent, and the 3-waste valve measured a highest flow rate of 16.48 liters per minute, with an efficiency of 51 percent. From this research, it was found that when modifying the prototype hydraulic ram from NSTDA. By increasing the number of drain valves to 2 and 3 in series, the pumping rates were increased by 1.68 and 2.09 times, respectively.
Application of multi-criteria decision process in conjunction with a Cellular Automata Markov model for assessment of potential areas for cultivation of non-edible oil plant in Northeastern Thailand
At present, all countries including Thailand are facing an energy security crisis coupled with food shortages. This is because the demand for energy, which is the fundamental driving factors for all activities, has increased alarmingly. The main raw material is palm oil fruit, which is commonly used in the food industry. Consequently, the increased price of the palm oil fruit is currently occurring. Thus, to sort out this crucial problem, one approach to develop these land areas to alleviate energy problems while reducing conflicts between energy crops and food crops is cultivation by growing Jatropha in areas with problem soil to use as a renewable-energy resource. This research study, therefore, focused on evaluating the potential of the Northeastern region for jatropha cultivation. By applying a multi-criteria decision process in conjunction with a Cellular Automata Markov model, appropriate areas were assessed and prioritized for areas suitable for jatropha cultivation. As a result, it has been possible to predict how the potential areas for jatropha plantation in the future, subsequently, demonstrating the land use expanded from the start area. Especially, these are all areas of low suitability for growing all of cash crops. The authors demonstrated the simulation scenario of Karasin Province cases, helping to reflect the future vision.
ชาติชาย ไวยสุระสิงห์
ชุติมา ไวยสุระสิงห์
Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Quarry Mapping Case study Phet Muang Lei Crashing Plant
This article presents the study of UAVs surveying for quarry mapping. The objective of studying to application of UAVs images processing for Topographic map and to Ortho-photo map with UAVs Photogrammetry from 6 GCPs by using GNSS. The study area at Phet Mueng Loei quarry Loei Province. Which has flying height of 140 meters above the terrain. Total of 793 images. Average GSD about 4 cm. The mean reprojection error is 0.103 pixels. The error of GCP is RMSE X 4.8 cm, RMSE Y 3.4 cm, RMSE Z 0.7 cm, and check point RMSE X 6.4 cm, RMSE Y 4.9 cm. RMSE Z 8.7 cm, in accordance with UAV survey standard
ต่อลาภ การปลื้มจิตร
Application Echo Sounders with Single Frequency of Klong Ban Na Lao
The application of echo sounder is a method of determining the level in the bathymetric survey which water is obstruction that inevitable. such as ponds, reservoirs, canals, rivers or the sea etc., It must make a surveying the low height of the underwater soil surface to be presented as a topographic map and to calculate the desired surface volume. The main tools and equipment for measuring levels with depth instruments include: rowboat, network real time kinematic, and echo sounder. These instruments and equipment subject to surveying measurement and the precision resolution of the area survey, such as the vehicle carrying the equipment, rowboat, boat engine, an unmanned forced boat, submarine, an underwater drone, etc. The horizontal position instrument may be a theodolite, total station and can currently be used to measure with a network real time kinematic. Echo Sounder wave depth tool for measuring vertical distances can be divided into single frequencies, dual frequencies and multifrequency waves This research used the application of echo sounder instruments with a single frequency wave to make a survey measuring for depth in ban Na Lao Canal. Which is deep 1-5 meters for bathymetric map, profiles and cross section. By calibration echo sounder for correction value at each distance of 1 meter, 2 meters and 3 meters at each distance 10 times, and the type of clearwater and turbid water. The total average correction value was -0.140±0.093 meters. When bathymetric survey in ban Na Lao canal, compared to the checkpoint, there was a discrepancy of -0.144 meter and the correction of the instrument test measurements was less inaccurate -0.046 meters. Conclusion measuring instrument for surveying must calibration.
กนกศักดิ์ ซื่อธานุวงศ์
Integrated Geographic Information Systems for Increase Rubber Farmer Income in Songkhla Province
Among the economic crops, net income from rubber production is highest, formerly in the south Thailand. However, at present, there is a problem of falling prices. The aim of this study was to determine suitable lands for economic crops in Chana district of Songkhla province for increase rubber farmer income. Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and Geographical Information Systems (GIS), which are divided into 3 main factors consisting of physical factors, economic factors and environmental factors. Each side consists of 7 sub-factors, including topography, climate, soil, water sources, price, road and forest for 3 field economic crops, namely banana, pepper and teak. Result shows that there are estimate that 16.897% of the study area is highly suitable (S1) for economic crops. While 44.217% of the study area is moderately suitable (S2) for economic crops. In addition, there were found that the proportion of land that is currently unsuitable (S3) for economic crops is 25.066% of the study area. While the amount of land that is permanently unsuitable (N) is 13.819 of the study area. Hence, result of the study can be used to recommend suitable for economic crops planting for extra income for farmer.
จิรวัฒน์ จันทองพูน
A Study of urban expansion with random forest techniques : A case study of Mueang Songkhla District, Songkhla Province
The aim of this study used remote sensing technology to study the urban expansion in the Songkhla city municipality and Khao Roop Chang subdistrict municipality. The data urban expansion was collected in three periods: Landsat-5 (1999), Landsat-8 (2013) and Sentinel-2 (2020) by random forest and time series methods, followed by validating data from field survey and google earth. The results showed that thematic map 1999 was classified as building and build up area, equal to 10.371 sq.km. or 28.21 percent of the total area. Meanwhile, overall accuracy is equal to the 80 percent. While, during to 2013 showed that building and buildup area, equal to 20.039 sq.km. or 54.51 percent of the total area. And, overall accuracy is equal to the 85 percent. In addition, during to 2020 showed that building and buildup area, equal to 20.589 sq.km. or 56.01 percent of the total area. Furthermore, overall accuracy is equal to the 82 percent. A summary of this study found that urban expansion over 16 years of Songkhla city municipality and Khao Roop Chang subdistrict municipality was approximately 10.218 sq.km. or 27.80 percent of the total area.
สัณห์ฤทัย แซ่หว่อง
พรนรายณ์ บุญราศรี
Above Ground Biomass Assessment from Sentinel-2A data Using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis
The biomass can convert to the carbon stock value by multiplying the constant value from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). At present, biomass and carbon stock assessments are of great interest. This article presents an above-ground biomass assessment from Sentinel-2A data using multiple linear regression analysis. The objective of the study was mathematical modeling with multiple linear regression analysis. The factors to be used in the analysis were (1) biomass data from in-situ measurement and allometry equation, (2) Sentinel-2A data including blue, green, red, and near-infrared bands, and (3) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). As a result, the factor related to above-ground biomass was NDVI. The above-ground biomass model was “Biomass = (12,281.87NDVI) - 2,682.65” with R-squared of 0.76. The above-ground biomass value of the study area was about 39.11 tons/rai.
Application of SENTINEL-2 and LANDSAT 8 to classifying second-level land use classification in the SathingPra peninsular, Songkhla province
This research is data application of SENTINEL-2 and LANDSAT 8 to classifying second-level land use classification in Songkhla Lake Basin by remote sensing technology. That the corrective comparison between a second-level land use classification between an Unsupervised Classification by twenty types of land use categorizing was founded the SENTINEL-2 providing accuracy higher than LANDSAT 8 which the accuracy in summer was shown 44.94% and 38.38% respectively and Supervised Classification, by analyzing the reliability of the data compared to the field checkpoint data is 86.18% - 94.62% via the SENTINEL-2 as well. The six types of correct land use by classifying are urban and built-up, perennial plants, rotational farming, deciduous forest, beach forest, and beach in turn. While, a horticulture is not suitable for the land use classification which the least accuracy is 25%. The land use classification in Songkhla Lake Basin contributed agricultural areas have the most land use, urban and built-up, water source areas, forest areas and miscellaneous areas in order which is consistent the land use data of the Land Development Department (LDD).
ชยณัฐ บัวทองเกื้อ
Application of the analytical hierarchy process to select suitable sites to establish a bio-power plant, Rattaphum District, Songkhla Province
This study aims to analyze the suitable areas for constructing a bio-power plant at Rattaphum District, Songkhla Province using a geographic information system program. The areas are spatially analyzed, and their factors were weighted based on Analytic Hierarchy Process analysis. The factors have been determined in the analysis and weighs the importance of scores from environmental and renewable energy experts. The results of determining factors and weight scores in each aspect are weighted as follows. The repetitive flooding area has a weighted score of 32.20%, the distance factor from the community has a weighted score 22.88%, the distance from the reserved forest has a weighted score 15.98%, the distance from the main road and the transmission line has a weighted score 10.93%, the distance from the source of raw materials has a weighted score 6.41%, length from water source has a weighted score 6.06%, and the land price factor has a weighted score of 5.54%. The analysis results of suitable areas as a percentage of the sub-district area, i.e., Khao Phra sub-district is the first appropriate area with 61.58%. The second most relevant area is Kamphaeng Phet sub-district with 43.76%, and the third most suitable area is Tha Chamuang sub-district with 22.53%. However, the areas of Khuha Tai sub-district and Khuan Ru sub-district are not appropriate areas.
Impact on Bangkok metropolitan areas through the first-class mapping method by the real time kinematic satellite network (RTK GNSS Network)
This research aims to find Combine Scale Factors and design a tool to find shrinkage area or stretch area on QGIS software. Research is conducted on Bangkok metropolitan areas. Using data from the Thailand surface level survey project to create a water dam of the Royal Thai Survey Department. The location data will show the coordinates of the plane (False Northing, False Easting), elevation above the ellipsoid (h) and height above mean sea level (MSL). The Combine Scale Factor is calculated using Geoid Model as the basis of research concept. In order to reduce the flat distance on the terrain (Ground Distance) to the flat distance on the grid coordinates UTM (Grid Distance). When calculating, the Combine Scale Factor values for all locations in Bangkok metropolitan areas. Design a tool to find shrinkage area or stretch area. The positional datasets are approximately 4 kilometers apart, requiring a range estimation to improve the accuracy. Estimated using the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method, a grid pattern of approximately 1*1 km of the research area. Results of the research 1). Get the Combine Scale Factor value in Bangkok metropolitan areas. To be used in conjunction with the Total Station theodolite in the construction of a large real estate project. 2). Get a tool to find shrinkage area or stretch area on QGIS software. When drawing plots of land on the map. The program will tell the area on the UTM coordinates and the area on the terrain surface. Make an area comparison it will know that the area on the UTM grid is shrinking (-) or the area stretching (+) in Bangkok metropolitan areas.
Referencing of UAV point cloud with TLS point cloud for excavation surveying in Mae Moh Open-pit Coal Mine
Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) Mae Moh mine uses the terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) for excavation volume determination. About 2 million sqm of complex and large terrain are scanned each month. The TLS needs a lot of scanning position for quality data and takes so much operation times, which enforces the excavation to stop for longer time and lower the production rate. Enrichment the data with the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is an interesting solution, but the accuracy of the UAV is terrible, which can be resolved with fair amount of ground control point (GCP) covering the target area. However, the GCP preparing in Mae Moh mine is a time-consuming work, that cause the surveying process to be more complicate and doesn’t significantly reduce the working time. Because of these, using UAV with GCP is impractical for us. Hence, we tried to reference UAV point cloud with TLS point cloud as control point. The results revealed the height difference between UAV and TLS surface, which provide the average difference of 0.023 m. and the standard deviation of 0.013m. This amount of difference is in acceptable range, in this way, the determination of excavation volume can be rapidly done and can achieve the best result.
The application of UAV photogrammetry to monitor the deformation of side-slope protection: A case study of Khwae Noi Bamrungdan Dam, Phitsanulok Province
Inspecting and monitoring the deformation of the dam and surrounding areas are very important to assess the safety of the dam in irrigation work. However, for deformation monitoring in steep slope areas especially side-slope, it is very difficult to measure and monitor compared to traditional survey methods. This research aims to employ Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry for monitoring the deformation of side-slope protection in the downstream area of the dam. The study area was in Khwae Noi Bamrungdan Dam, Phitsanulok Province. The images were captured from the DJI Zenmuse X5S camera mounted on the DJI Inspire 2 UAV acquired in February 2022 and were processed using ContextCapture software for 3D reconstruction in the form of point cloud. Then, the deformation monitoring of side-slope protection was evaluated by comparison with the UAV photogrammetry of Royal Irrigation Department (RID) acquired in April 2018 using M3C2 technique on the CloudCompare software. The results showed that the accuracy assessment of the 3D model from UAV photogrammetry comparing to the RTK-GNSS survey had a square root of mean square error (RMSE) of 0.104 m. However, for the results in deformation monitoring over this study area, no significant changes were detected due to the photogrammetric accuracy of UAV approach in decimeter level. Therefore, the application of UAV photogrammetry can be an alternative way to detect changes and monitor deformation in steep slopes for irrigation works easily.
The Study of Atmospheric Correction by Sen2Cor
This research studies about the atmosphere correction data of Top of Atmosphere (TOA) to Bottom of Atmosphere (BOA) obtained from Sentinel-2 satellite by Sen2Cor. The study finds that Sen2Cor can adjust the basic default correction (Configuration: L2A_GIPP.xml) to be consistent with the area by two conditions; calculated together with the digital elevation model (DEM) and the amount of ozone in the atmosphere. In addition, this study also shows the results of the data after corrected basis value using a statistical comparison method. From the test to correct the conditions of the terrain elevation in different areas, including the high area in the north, the lowland area in the central region, the plain area in the northeast, and the southern area, the digital elevation models (DEMs) in each area which related to the difference of the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) between the terrain elevation data with condition and terrain elevation data without condition have coefficient of determination in the test region between - 0.82 and - 0.95. As the amount of ozone in the atmosphere of Thailand which located near the equator is between 235 - 275 DU, therefore, it must be calculated to be appropriate for the area of the country. A model is created to calculate the ozone value of Thailand area equal to y = 2E-05x3 - 0.0105x2 + 1.3818x + 320.22 where x represents the Day of Years and y represents the amount of ozone in the atmosphere of the Thailand in units of Dobson.
Volumetric Change Calculation for a Landfill Stockpile Using UAV Photogrammetry
The objective of this research was aimed to consider the calculation of volumetric changes calculation for a landfill stockpile using UAV photogrammetry. The case study was located at the waste landfill of Mahasarakham municipality. The process throughout this study is flight planning and arrangement before the flight, data collection using UAV, image processing, and analyzing data. This study focussed on the method to calculate the volume using DEM from UAV photogrammetry. This observation took 6 months at intervals to monitor the changes in volume at the landfill site. The results of the analysis showed that there were differences of increasing in the volume of waste each time. The result has shown that the landfill volume surveys from UAV photogrammetry can help for a better plan in managing the landfill.
A Study of the Relationship Between Changes in Piezometric Pressure and Land Subsidence Rate from InSAR Time-Series Technique
To monitor land subsidence in Nakhon Pathom and Samut Sakhon Province and to study the relationship between changes in piezometric pressure and land subsidence rate, this research applied InSAR time series analysis as a tool that provides adequate spatial data. Using Sentinel-1 data from June 2018 to October 2021, we have developed the processing procedure using SNAP for interferometric handling and data preparation for Persistent Scatterer of StaMPS and TRAIN application platform and time series plots processing. We found over 800,000 observations in the study area and the land subsidence rate of the ground ranged from - 33.13 to +32.79 mm. per year. From piezometric pressure data stations, such as Nakhon Pathom province station and Samut Sakhon province station, within a radius of 200 m, the land subsidence rate of the ground ranged from -4.81 to +0.27 mm. per year and -16.11 to -3.27 mm. per year, respectively. From piezometric pressure data from May 2018 to September 2021 in two locations, the trend of change in piezometric pressure declines rate ranged from 2.5 to 8.4 kPa. per year and 1.8 to 18.6 kPa. per year of the time frame of analysis. The variations between changes in groundwater pressure and land subsidence values from the InSAR technique were relatively consistent.
Web Map Service for Public Utilities Information System of Ralamangala University of Technology Srivijaya
This study aimed to (1) collect data and develop utilities system database by using GIS, (2) create web map service (WMS) for providing utilities system information and, (3) analyze user satisfaction in using web map service. The QGIS was used for database development, Geoserver application was used for web map creation and Google My Maps was used as the basic maps with spatial data and attribute database in data dissemination on the internet. Moreover, the utilities maintenance system was created by getting notification from Line Notify, Line application in order to request a repair conveniently and quickly. The satisfaction analysis of WMS users with the population of 468 respondents in 20 satisfaction issues, the results showed that the respondents were satisfied at an excellent level (63.45%). Besides, the Central Affairs Division, Office of the President can apply WMS in practical use. The benefits of this WMS were to save the organization budget, easy for management and maintenance by searching and specifying the location of utilities system accurately. This service also facilitated in reparing the broken utilities rapidly.
PERFORMANCE TEST OF GEODETIC GNSS RECEIVER WITH MEMS AND IMU SENSORS USING NETWORK-BASED GNSS RTK METHOD
This article aims to study and test the performance of the geodetic GNSS receiver equipped with MEMS and IMU sensors for determining horizontal and vertical positions. The antenna tilt was measured at 15°, 25°, 35° and 45° using Network-based GNSS RTK method. It was firstly tested in controlled environment in which the GNSS receiver was set up in an open space and on the roof that the points were two meters away from the wall. For the second case, the GNSS receiver was directly set up on the land boundary pins. This test was divided into three sub-cases: (1) near the wall with clear obstacle environment (2) near the wall with densely obstructed environment and (3) densely planted trees environment. The third case was tested on VRS survey marks of the Department of Lands. Data was collected up to twenty points per case with a total of one hundred twenty points using a purposive sampling technique. By comparing between the reference coordinates and the GNSS receiver with MEMS and GNSS receiver with IMU, the accuracy comparison was made in both horizontal and vertical components. This study found that GNSS receiver with IMU produced the more accurate positioning results than GNSS receiver with MEMS for both the open area with clear signal and the obstructed environment. The GNSS receiver with IMU yielded the horizontal positioning accuracy better than 4 centimeters when the pole was tilted at 15° and 25°. In addition, it was found that the measurement angle when the pole is tilted affects the horizontal positioning accuracy however has no direct impact on the vertical positioning accuracy. Moreover, the horizontal and vertical positioning accuracy depends on obstacles around the test points. Finally, the future researches will focus on a comparison of horizontal and vertical positioning accuracy while the pole is tilted with different GNSS receiver brands.
จิตรานุช พัสดุธาร
Development of natural disaster risk map in Thailand
Natural disasters in Thailand affect and cause losses in each area. Therefore, there is a need for different forms of disaster management. This research focuses on preparedness using knowledge and data in geographic information engineering, including applying the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to create a natural disaster risk map. The main objective of this research is to develop a risk map for natural disasters in Thailand, namely floods, landslides, wildfires, and windstorms, as a model for building a simple warning system through a risk map at a regional scale. By analyzing and creating a disaster risk map, we study the different elements of the disaster. Then, we selected various disaster-causing factors and weighted the data according to the principles of disaster risk analysis for each type. In data preparation, reclassification is used to convert continuous data into discrete data to bring various types of data for analysis together. Then, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was applied to analyze the risks of multiple disasters. The results were then validated by overlaying the data on the disaster history data in 2020, and we performed the inspection in an area showing a hazard level or higher. After verification, the accuracy of flood disasters was approximately 44.31%, 68.00% for landslides, 54.73% for wildfires, and 75.60% for windstorms.
แพรวา วิจิตรธนสาร
Performance evaluation of low-cost GNSS receiver using MADOCA corrections with the Static Precise Point Positioning (PPP) mode in Thailand
Multi-GNSS Advanced Demonstration tool for Orbit and Clock Analysis (MADOCA) from the Quasi-Zenith satellite system (QZSS) covering the Asia-Oceania region. It aims to meet the need to provide real-time positioning services (PPP-Realtime). In Thailand, the satellite QZSS will be seen in the range of 15 - 60 degrees allowing it to receive correction signals from the QZSS satellite system directly. This research aims to study on performance evaluation of low-cost GNSS receiver using MADOCA corrections with the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) mode in Thailand. To demonstrate the efficiency and positional accuracy of the MADOCA correction system for real-time positioning services, this correction focuses on processing in a Precise Point Positioning static mode for the static point test resulting in the correct value horizontal and vertical root mean square error in centimeters. This shows good performance for Low-cost receivers in combination with MADOCA correction in Thailand area.
ศุภณัฐ ศรีจันทร์
Determination of horizontal correction model for PPP/PPP-RTK GNSS mode to a new ITRF2014 in Thailand
The movement of tectonic plates directly affects the geolocation with coordinates and reference coordinates of the same position over time. Currently, International organizations have been improving the international terrestrial reference frame (ITRF) in accordance with plate tectonics. In surveying by Precise Point Positioning (PPP) and Precise Point Positioning Real-Time Kinematic (PPP-RTK) technique are based on this ITRF to determine the coordinates. If there is a movement of tectonic plates, it will affect the accumulation in coordinates over time. The objective of this article is to determine a horizontal coordinates correction model of the ITRF2014 in Thailand. The correction model consists of a grid coordinates difference to be interpolated using Spline method. Accuracy of the horizontal coordinates compared to the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The findings indicated that the correction model of horizontal coordinates by applying grid correction model of Spline method give horizontal coordinates accuracy of confidence level 95% about 0.033 meters. Thus, this can improve the accuracy of horizontal coordinates for the ITRF2014 in Thailand about 3 cm. for consider of confidence level 95%. This will connect to the coordinates of other users and support future use on the ITRF2014 coordinate reference frame in Thailand.
POSITION ACCURACY EVALUATION BETWEEN SBAS CORRECTION AND DIFFERENTIAL GNSS SYSTEMS IN THE MARINE NAVIGATION A CASE STUDY OF DEEP SEA PORT, SONGKHLA PROVINCE
Nowadays, Global Navigation Satellite System is the preferred method of navigation in missions such as flight planning and maritime navigation, etc., in which maritime navigation is necessary to know the coordinates with high positional accuracy during the ship's entry into the port. Satellite-Based Augmentation System and Differential Global Navigation Satellite System have therefore been applied in the routing processing for high precision and positional accuracy. These processes are accepted among mariners. However, in Thailand, there is no agency to assess the positional validity between the two techniques in the context of maritime navigation in regions of Thailand. Therefore, this research focuses on assessing the position accuracy between the correction data from the SBAS satellite system and the DGNSS positioning technique, which use the observation data with the GNSS for 6,665 positions in the deep-sea port, Songkhla province. The reference coordinates were obtained from the Post-Processed Kinematic (PPK) method. The DGNSS positioning technique showed the RMSE values at 0.59 m and 1.17 m in horizontal and vertical components respectively, while the SBAS technique showed the RMSE values at 0.90 m and 5.10 m in horizontal and vertical components respectively. Therefore, in marine navigation in the Gulf of Thailand, The DGNSS technique produced more accurate positioning results than the SBAS technique, which is navigated by the GNSS technique only and the use of correction data from the SBAS technique provides adequate positional accuracy for restricted ocean navigation. Still, it is not appropriate for the port or waters with heavy maritime traffic requiring positional accuracy of less than 1 meter
นายภูวิศะ กิ้มตั้น
Application of Time-series InSAR Technology for Displacement Monitoring of the Srinakarin Dam
Satellite data from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has successfully been applied to monitor dam displacement. Monitoring the dam's displacement is modern and accurate, but several factors can cause the dam's movement. Therefore, it should be inspected in a wide area and can be inspected at any time without restrictions on human resources in the field. This research applies timeseries InSAR technology to monitor the displacement of dam structures and to study a 3D rendering model suitable for engineering structural analysis through the Cesium the Platform for 3D Geospatial. We process the time-series InSAR using 24 Sentinel-1 images from October 18, 2017, to August 22, 2021. The study area is the Srinakarin Dam, located in the Ban Chao Noen area, Tha Kradan Subdistrict, Si Sawat District, Kanchanaburi. Thailand's largest earth core dam is 140 meters high, 610 meters long, and 15 meters wide. Usually, it can store 17,745 million cubic meters of water. From research, the results were aligned with the satellite line of sight (LOS) with a displacement of approximately -05.22 mm/yr. to +07.04 mm/yr. The application of the InSAR time series to detect dam motion is to identify the area where the displacement occurred. It is just a safety warning showing which areas need more accurate inspections and on-site inspections to check dam safety. This research demonstrates the ability to apply Time-series InSAR technology. It presents the results obtained by tracking the dam's movement in three dimensions via the Cesium the Platform for 3D Geospatial.
นันทัชพร ปิยะมะรัตน์
Analysis of bearing capacity of embedded piles in cohesive soils with 2D FEM
This article presents the research on the bearing capacity and settlement behavior of pile foundations on community building. laboratory tests data from the borehole log were used in terms of shear strength parameters for two-dimensional plane strain finite element analysis (2D FEM). In addition, the clay is modeled as the Mohr-coulomb material in an undrained condition. The pile is modeled as the elastic material. Interfaces condition between soil and structure were used around the surfaces of the pile. The authors present a relationship between different pile sections and bearing capacity for the site engineer. This article aims to determine the bearing capacity of the pile to the user who lives in community building and research cooperation between the research unit technology and innovation on civil engineering (RICE) and community organizations development institute (CODI).
ธนันท์ ชุบอุปการ
ผลกระทบของจุลินทรีย์ท้องถิ่นต่อกระบวนการเกิดการตกตะกอนแคลเซียมคาร์บอเนตในดิน
This research investigated the influence of local microorganisms on microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP) in soils. Two microorganisms that have the potential to produce urease and the interconnection between the particles of the soil granules, including Lysinibacillus sphaericus (L. sphaericus) strains EW-S2 and LMG 22257. Two types of soils including: 1. soil sterilized by an autoclave and 2. natural soil were used in the study to compare the influence of or the collaboration between local microorganisms and L. sphaericus on the process of precipitating calcium carbonate in the soil. For the treatment, the mixture of bacterial culture and chemical solution containing microorganisms was retained in the soil samples for 12 hours per cycle with the total period of 18 days. Together with the strength and permeability, the microstructure and amount of calcium carbonate induced in the treated soil samples were then examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS). From the tests, it was found that the local microorganisms decreased the efficiency microbiologically induced calcite precipitation in the soil.
พงศกร ศิริสิงห์อำไพ
พรเกษม จงประดิษฐ์
พีรดา พรหมมีเนตร
สุภาภรณ์ ชีวะธนรักษ์
Effects of twin stacked tunnel excavation with lagging distance on adjacent structure
In the dense urban area, twin stacked tunnels may inevitably be constructed near the existing pile foundations. Since rapid construction is required, the twin tunnels are constructed with short the lagging distance between twin stacked tunnel faces. However, the effect of lagging distance on the behavior of the adjacent piles has not been considered in past studies. In this study, a series of three-dimensional finite element analyses of twin stacked tunneling with different lagging distances of 0Ls, 1Ls, 3Ls, 5Ls and 8Ls (Ls is the length of shield) adjacent to existing piles of a building. The research used soil parameters and calibrated tunnel simulation methods from the MRT blue line. The results of the analysis indicate that the lagging distance between twin stacked tunnel faces significantly affects soil deformation and the behavior of existing piles.
สมเกียรติ เลิศกุลทานนท์
ชณาภัทร แก้วพินิจ
มุกอันดา สุวัณณะสังข์
Shear strength of soil reinforced by Acacia Mangium Willd's Root.
This research is to study the engineering properties of soil reinforced with Acacia root compared with bare soil. The growth rate of Acacia, the tensile strength of the acacia root, Shear Strength of Soil Reinforced by Acacia Root were studied. Moreover, the pulling strength of the acacia root system at different growing period were also studied. Acacia trees were planted into PVC cylinders, 15 cm in diameter, and 10 cm in length each, arranged in 3 pieces and covered with plastic bags to prevent moisture loss, then measured the size and growth of the Acacia tree. The acacia tree has a rapid growth within 12 months, and the Acacia tree had a height of more than 1 meter. The root tensile strength test found that the root of the Acacia tree had a tensile strength of 1,485 grams per square centimeter. The shear strength test of the soil reinforced with the acacia root system over time showed that growth increased shear strength. At the same time, the tensile strength of the root is equal to 0.139 kg per square centimeter at 12 months of planting. The pulling force of the 12-month-old acacia tree was 55 kg. The shear strength of the acacia root reinforced soil, and the tensile strength tended to increase with the age of planting and the different moisture content, which significantly influenced the stability of soil slope.
ศิริพัฒน์ มณีแก้ว
Engineering properties of cement treated lateritic soil reinforced with steel fibers from automotive tires
The lateritic soil has the proper density for soil compaction in highway construction. However, the soil properties vary based on water content and environmental conditions. Thus, some lateritic soils cannot be used as a material for pavement because its properties does not meet the standards of the Department of Highways. This research aims to study the basic engineering properties of laterite soils by mixing them with cement and reinforcing them with steel fibers from used tires. The optimum amount of cement was determined for laterite soils with controlled density and optimum water content for 28 days of curing. The unconfined compressive strength of samples with a cement content of 3% without water immersion and water immersion for 2 hours before testing exhibited a strength higher than the criteria. Then, steel fibers from used tires were mixed in 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% per dry weight of soil. The optimum percentage for reinforcing steel fibers from used tires was 3%. The split tensile strength test was conducted, and the maximum tensile strength of 4.90 kg/cm2 was obtained. The flexural test of beams reinforced with steel fibers from used tires enhanced the tensile strength of lateritic cement soil with a significant increase in flexural strength of -70%.
ขวัญจิรา หมั่นบำรุงศาสน์
Comparison of tunneling impacts on piles when protected by different jet grouting patterns
The impact of ground movement due to tunneling to nearby piles which are the induced axial force, moment and 3D deflection in piles are investigated in this study. A number of jet grouting patterns were assumed and analyzed by a finite element code for comparing their efficiency on the reduction of tunneling impacts. The analysis results reveal that the jet grouting was effective for reducing the axial force, moment and deflection in piles in different modelled depending on the grouting pattern. The grouting pattern of wall line had a better effect on the axial force and vertical settlement than the pattern of block about 0.44% and 0.04% respectively. On the other hand, the grouting pattern of block got a better efficient on bending moment.
ภูริณัฐ นฤปจาตุรงค์พร
Strength Development of Silty Clay by Calcium Carbide and Bagasse Ash One-part geopolymer for pavement structure
This research investigates the improvement of silty clay by using calcium carbide residue and bagasse ash with an alkaline activator (flakes of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)). The variables studied were silty clay to binder ratio of 80:20, calcium carbide residue binder (CCR) to bagasse ash (BA) ratio of 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, and 60:40, the sodium hydroxide concentration was 5 molars, the curing times were 7, 14 and 28 days and the moisture contents were 80%, 100% and 120% of OWC. The unconfined compressive strength test (USC) was tested on the soil-modified sample. The result was found that the strength increased with the amount of calcium carbide residue at the OWC. The optimum ratio of CCR: BA is 50:50 which produces the highest strength at 1,530 kPa. In addition, the compressive strength will increase with curing time the highest at 28 days.
จตุรภุช บุญเรืองศรี
Effect of Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio on unconfined compressive strength and consolidation of soft clay mixed with fly ash geopolymer
This paper investigated the effect of the Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio on unconfined compressive strength and consolidation of soft clay mixed with fly ash geopolymer. Soft clay was collected at a depth of 5-8 m, Klong Toey, Bangkok. The moisture content of soft clay (Wn) of 2LL (LL = liquid limit) and soft clay/fly ash (SC/FA) ratios of 70/30, liquid alkaline:fly ash ratio of 0.6 were fixed, Sodium silicate:sodium hydroxide ratios (Na2SiO3/NaOH) of 50/50 70/30 80/20 with, NaOH concentration of 8 molars were used. The test results showed that Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio affected the unconfined compressive strength and consolidation properties of soft clay mixed with fly ash geopolymer. The soft clay mixed with fly ash geopolymer sample at Na2SiO3/NaOH of 80/20 offered the lowest unconfined compressive strength, highest void ratio, and highest coefficient of permeability. This is because lower NaOH content resulted in lower leaching fly ash.
ศุภกร ลือพงศ์พัฒนะ
Development of A Base Course Material Produced from Second Time Pavement Recycling Materials Modified with Asphalt Emulsion
This paper presents the development of pavement materials through the process of recycling old pavement materials for reuse. The material developed in this research is the first grade with cement for the second improvement with asphalt emulsion and cement. from the test results of unconfined compressive strength, flexural strength and water absorption of this developed sample material compared with the control material with the same cement content. It was found that mixing asphalt emulsion with cement was able to improve the mechanical properties and anti-water absorption properties compared to cement-only blends. The test results show the potential for further application of the old roadway material recycling process through the second quality improvement with asphalt emulsion combined with cement. The improved material can be used as a prototype material for further application in road repair and construction in Thailand.
พีรพงศ์ จิตเสงี่ยม
อิทธิพลของวัสดุพอลิเมอร์ต่อกำลังอัดแกนเดียวของดินเหนียวอ่อนกรุงเทพผสมปูนซีเมนต์ปอร์ตแลนด์
This research investigated the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of soft Bangkok clay stabilized with Portland cement type I and polymer materials. The initial water content (w) of soft Bangkok clay (SC) of 1.0LL, 1.5LL, and 2.0LL (LL is Liquid Limit of SC) and water/cement ratio (w/C) of 1.0 were used. Polymer materials (P) used in this study were polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Concentrations of P were 1, 3, 5, and 7% by volume of water. The 7-day and 28-day UCS of samples were examined. The test results found that w of 1.0LL and P concentration of 3% of SC-C-P samples offered the highest 28-day UCS, which were 1.20, 1.12, and 1.04 MPa for PEG, PVA, and PVP, respectively, and passed the UCS requirement specified by Department of Highway. The use of polymers in SC-C samples not only increased UCS but also improved ductility of sample.
Shearing behaviour of vegetated soils with growing and decaying roots
Nowadays Soil-bioengineering has been recognized as a green and eco-friendly slope protection alternative for shallow slope failure. However, Most of studies mainly consider strong and mature plants. In fact, natural and anthropogenic activities would lead to plant death and decomposition of root, This is another important factor that makes engineers still not confident in applying plants to improve soil slopes. In order to develop better and more sustainable mitigation strategies, the effects of root decomposition on soil properties will be considered in this study. Laboratory tests were conducted to measure effects of root growth and decay (i.e. by burning and herbicides) on the properties of soil vegetated with Cynodon dactylon. The direct shear tests were performed to observe Shear strength and Shearing behavior. The results showed that the growth of grass can Increase the shear strength of the vegetated soils during growth period. Root decay also resulted in the changes of shear strength. Upon burning, the shear strength were gradually decreased. However, with herbicides, the strength of the roots were significantly reduced. Because the herbicides cause plant to death and decay faster. The maximum shear strength of the soils was also reduced. The decrease was equivalent to soil without plants for 2 months after herbicide application and 4 months after burning.
ฐาปกรณ์ สากลปัญญา
Development of Warning System for Landslide Hazard Area with IoT System (Internet of Things)
This paper presents the result of the Internet of Things landslide measurement as the development of geotechnical monitoring tools. They are working together by communication through electronic devices, transmitting information to the Internet platform for monitor and lead to appropriate landslide warning criteria by tracking various factors causing the movement of soil masses and studying of the rate of soil movement that tends to result in a change from the original environment. When tracking the performance of the instrument, in the Ban Namjoon (Nan, Thailand) there is a shallow soil movement (0.5-1.0 m) of approximately 30 mm at a cumulative rainfall of 600 mm over 3-month period. The movement of the soil mass is 0.015 mm./h. (The slow movement of soil masses is called soil creep.) that has the suction of soil is in range 0 – 7 kPa. (Unsaturated Soil). These recordings are stored by an IoT system consisting of Arduino MAGA 2560 and NB IoT as a intermediate connectivity so sensor can communicate with each other.
อภินิติ โชติสังกาศ
สุสิทธิ์ ฉายประกายแก้ว
Application of Remote Sensing Technology to Assessment of Moisture and Cracks from Dry Evaporation of Fine Grained Soils
This paper presents a study on the moisture holding behavior of fine-grained soils and their swelling and shrinkage. The study also proposes modeling approach to estimate the depth of soil cracks that may occur by applying unsaturated soils mechanics and remote sensing technology. By calibrating moisture data from remote sensing technology with those obtained from field measurement and converting it to soil suction based on the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) obtained from laboratory tests. The suction change can then be used to predict the depth of cracks based on elastic theory.
ขจรศักดิ์ ศิริโรจน์วัฒนกูล
ณัฐสิทธิ์ ทองเลิศ
A STUDY OF SOIL MOISTURE BEHAVIOR AND STARBILITY OF GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCED SOIL WALL UNDER RAINFALL CONDITION
This research aims to present the influence of soil moisture behavior and stability of the Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Wall under rainfall conditions. GRS wall seepage and stability analysis under rainfall conditions were simulated based on field monitoring such as rainfall intensity, pore-water pressure, and soil moisture. This research simulated in highest rainfall intensity from field monitoring to create a seepage model and stability analysis. It reveals that after rainfall, water seeps through the backfill soil and effect to decreasing of a safety factor. This result can be used in terms of design work and maintenance of the GRS wall as a long-term benefit.
บวรพงศ์ สุขเจริญ
kaolin-Rice husk ash geopolymer activated by sodium hydroxide
This research studied the improvement of Bangkok clay using kaolin - rice husk ash activated by sodium hydroxide. Kaolin (KA) was thoroughly mixed with rice husk ash (RA) in the proportion of KA: RA 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50. The mixture was then activated by sodium hydroxide solution of 8 molar concentrations at the optimum moisture content. The maximum unconfined compressive strength (qu) was obtained from sample with KA: RA 70:30 which was used as soil stabilizing agent. The kaolin samples were treated by KA-RA geopolymer replacement of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% by weight of dry soil. The samples were cured at 25, 70, and 100°c for 7, 14, 28, 60 and 120 days. Engineering properties were tested including unconfined compressive
ฆนากานต์ มาศโอสถ
กิติศักดิ์ กาญจนันท์
Settlement Calculations of Large-diameter Bored Piles Socketed in Weak Rocks in the Area of a Double Track Railway Project (Chira Junction to Khon Kaen Station)
At the present, many public utilities transportation of Thailand have been developed in accordance with the government’s policy that manages to connect urban and rural areas, for example, SRT Double Track Railway – Nakhon Ratchasima (Chira Junction) to Khon Kaen, Bang Pa-In – Nakhon Ratchasima Intercity Motorway Project (M6), etc. The runway structures of those projects are usually placed on large-diameter bored piles which run along the outskirts. Those areas have rarely been under engineering construction. Therefore, the engineering data is very limited. In this article, the calculations of settlement values of large-diameter bored piles socketed in weak rocks in the area of SRT Double Track Railway – Nakhon Ratchasima (Chira Junction) to Khon Kaen) are explained by traditional methods, a computer program method and comparisons with the data obtained from static load tests. The comparative results show that experimental pile shortening values are approximately 0.55-1.35 times of those of methods.
พฤติกรรมกำแพงกันดินไดอะแฟรมวอลล์สำหรับก่อสร้างชั้นใต้ดินเพื่อใช้เป็นที่จอดรถอัตโนมัติ
Currently, there is a glowing demand for underground construction especially in Bangkok city center due to land price and limitation in building height by law. In most cases for Bangkok subsoil, the profile in the construction sites has no to little variation. However, in one of the most recent underground land development projects, True Digital Park Phase 2, variation in soil layer was encountered where sand and clay layer was found between -19.00 to -23.00 m at different boring logs. This paper presents 0.80 m. thick diaphragm wall behavior which is used for underground automatic car park construction with its tip located at different soil type. The underground consists of 4 storeys with 13.20 m. excavation depth with 3 layers of temporary bracing system. During construction movement of diaphragm wall was carefully monitored and compared with Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis results.
UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONTROLLED LOW STRENGTH MATERIAL PLASTIC COMPOSITES FOR PAVEMENT ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS.
The current construction business has expanded from the past, resulting in a shortage of construction materials. Most of which are natural materials, resulting in a continuous decrease in the amount of natural materials available and likely to run out in the future. Therefore, this research aims to study Mix ratio of Controlled low strength material (CLSM). By using industrial waste and recycled materials. Contains fly ash and bottom ash from Mae moh power plant. Recycled concrete from demolition of buildings in engineering Plastic waste from plastic bottles and sodium hydroxide solution as a solvent for Pavement Engineering Applications. It will study the basic properties of engineering. And strength properties of CLSM using a solution of sodium hydroxide at a concentration of 10 molar as a solvent. And replace the fine aggregates with bottom ash. And recycled concrete at the ratio of fine aggregate to binder 1.5, and fly ash and plastic waste were used as binders at the ratio of plastic waste to binder of 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 percent. CLSM samples are tested for basic engineering properties, including collapse, diffusion, flow. Formation time, water oozing, unit weight and unconfined compressive strength properties were tested. This is a key parameter for pavement design.
ะ้ำำพฟะธีรัช กัลยา
ธนกฤต เทพอุโมงค์
Cement and recycled concrete for pavement improved the mechanical properties of lake sediment
Abstract This research purpose was to study the cement and recycled concrete for pavement improved the mechanical properties of lake sediment. The sediment which used in this research is from Kwan Phayao (Phayao lake), gained by digging at the surface in the dumping areas around the lake and the solder materials were the ordinary Portland cement and recycled concrete from the building demolition. The way of soil improvement was mixing the sediment with cement in ratio as 0%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10% and the volume of recycled concrete in ratio as 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% upon the soil weight. The preparation of each mixture was in the appropriate humidity and the driest density from compaction test higher than the standard. The samples were prepared in the molds with diameter 2 inches and height 4 inches. Then, mature at 7, 14, and 28 days. As the maturity in defined periods, the samples were bought into unconfined compression test. Finally, this research is going to present the appropriate ratio of sediment and the ordinary Portland cement and recycled concrete for applying in highway engineering later.
ศุภากร แต้ศิลปชัย
Development of a controlled low strength material (CLSM) from waste glass powder activated by alkaline for pavement engineering application
Thailand population in 2020 have 69.8 million people. In the past decade, the increase of 2.6 million people cause to more resources use and waste, resulting in 2020 amount of waste 25.37 million tons but only 8.36 million tons are recycled. This paper has concept to use the waste from industrial processes as raw materials. This study was conducted to determine the control low strength materials (CLSM) mixtures produced from fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) collected from the Mae Moh power plant, waste glass powder (WGP) from beer bottles recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) from demolition and alkaline activator chosen is sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The mixture sodium hydroxide solution of 10 molar, the ratio of BA or RCA to the binder of 1.5 and the ratio of WGP to the binder of 0, 20, 30 and 40 and the ratio of sodium hydroxide solution to binder 0.015 in determining the properties of control low strength materials refer to document ACI229R-99 and construction structure subbase of the Department of Highways of Thailand. Experimental outcomes on fresh and hardened properties composed of slum test, slum flow test, setting time and unconfine compressive strength (UCS). Finally, in this research, the optimal wages of control low strength materials are presented for use as pavement materials.
Effects of Microbiologically Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) on Properties of Ancient Masonries in the Soil of Ancient Monument
Most ancient monuments are sensitive to the change in environmental conditions. As a result, it is necessary to be concerned about restoring the monuments while preventing vibration and chemical contamination. Additionally, since ancient monuments cohabit with local microorganisms, it is essential to restore the site while considering the original habitat. This research investigates the potential of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) on ancient bricks and mortar using Bacillus sphaericus LMG 22257 strain cooperating with local microorganism. Bricks and mortars were used for this study. The soil samples were taken from a site adjacent to a historical wall in Lopburi province with different preparations including, sterilized sand and natural local sand to compare the amount of calcium carbonate produced by MICP under treatment of 18 days. The surface profile of the material was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the mineral content by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS), and the pore depth on the material surface by 3D Optical Surface Profilers (3D Scan). The results revealed that the calcium carbonate content of the material grows on its surface by filling in the pores and some contents are fulfilled inside the surface of the bricks, resulting in an additional CaCO3 to be present in the materials.
ธนเดช นันทนะวานิช
ศักดิ์สิทธิ์ โชตนิธิสุวรรณ
Influence of Erosion Control Materials and Plant to Erodibility Parameters Implemented by Laboratory Submerged Jet Erosion Test
Erosion can cause many geotechnical problems, such as landslides, piping failure in dams, as well as riverbank retreat, which provides a huge impact on life and property. Currently, vegetation has been used in conjunction with engineering methods, namely soil-bioengineering, for preventing and controlling erosion effectively. In this study, submerged jet erosion tests were conducted to determine erodibility parameters (critical shear stress and erodibility coefficients) with soil samples collected from Motorway 7 (Bangkok-Pattaya). The erosion testing was carried out on the bare soil samples and covered by erosion control materials, namely erosion control blanket with Ruzi grass and erosion control mat with Bermuda grass. The results showed that critical shear stress significantly increased when covering the soil with erosion control materials, and the presence of Ruzi grass can also reduce the erodibility coefficient. The study results can imply the good effectiveness of how soil-bioengineering approach be used to prevent and reduce the severity of erosion.
สลิลทิพย์ อ่อนหนองหว้า
A Study of Soil Liquefaction Caused by the 2014 Earthquake in Chiang Rai Province
This article presents results from a study of liquefaction induced by the 6.3 magnitude earthquake occurred in Chiang Rai Province on May 5th, 2014 by conduction subsoil investigation using standard penetration test and Kunzelstab penetration, soil sample, and analysis of liquefaction potential at those investigated spots. The analysis reveals that all the points liquefied by that earthquake event consisted of 3 main factors which are 1) composed of loose sandy soil with grain size distribution of less than 35% passing sieve no. 200 or low-plasticity silts or clays with moisture content of 90% or more of the soils’ liquidity index, 2) groundwater table at all those liquefied point was above the soil layers indicated in 1), and 3) peak ground acceleration of 0.20g-0.25g was sufficient to find that those liquefied ground were liquefiable.
เศรษฐพงศ์ เศรษฐบุปผา
Prediction of The Stress-Strain Curve of Cement Admixed Clay by using LSTM Recurrent Neural Network
This study used the recurrent type of neural network LSTM to predict the stress strain of cement mixed clay in the triaxial test. The features for simulation were mixing ratio water and cement, mean stress, deviator stress and vertical strain. The best architecture for the neural network was proposed in this study with the lowest error. The LSTM was the best model with the lowest error among other types of recurrent neural network, GRU and SimpleRNN. LSTM with 2 time steps was the best architecture to predict the stress strain characteristic of clay mixed. The prediction model can simulate the stress-strain relationship with an average absolute error of 4 %.
ไปรยา รัตนกิจกุล
Evaluation of Rapid Impact Compaction Method for Soil with Different Fine Content
Rapid Impact Compaction (RIC) is an alternative compaction technique which fills the gap of improving depth between shallow and deep compaction. The RIC technique is done by dropping the weight hammer on the circular base of the steel base on the ground. However, the effectiveness of the RIC method is based on compact soil. In this study, the effect of fine particle content in sandy soil on this compaction technique was studied. The field compaction test was carried out on the construction site of the apron at Utapao Airport at Ban chang, Rayong, Field trials use a total of three types of soil, with different fine content ranging from 18% to 33%. The compression effort is 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the standard energy of the proctor and the thickness filed by 3 and 5 m. Field test including Cone Penetration Test (CPT) and Plate load test (PLT) have been performed before and after the treatment to observe the efficiency of the RIC technique. Field test results show that low-fine soil is significantly improved. However, improvements are not clearly visible for soils with high fine content. The strength and stiffness of soil after improvement was significantly effects by the fine content of material. The effective depth of improvement by RIC is 4 m. from the ground surface.
Development of Computer Vision Method for Monitoring a Dynamic Pile Loading Test
This study develops a computer vision method for monitoring pile behaviors during pile load tests compared to dynamic pile load test and Case Pile Wave Analysis Program (CAPWAP). The detection was carried out by the use of ArUco markers attached to the rammer and the head of the pile. The markers can be used to measure the distance in 3-D between the camera lens and itself. The ArUco recorded videos were analyzed by developed code with OpenCV library in Python. The Markers movement at rammer and pile head will be analyzed to obtain force and velocity. The pile capacity was estimated by the Case method. The accuracy of the measured displacement depends on the distance between the camera and the markers. The smaller the pixel of the markers, the greater the error. The calculated velocity is similar to DLT results. However, there was significant error for calculated forces due to cumulative marker movement and velocity detection error, including misjudging wave speed and pile modulus. This study presented the possibility of using computer vision to monitor DLT.
Development of Mix Design for Asphalt Concrete Mixed with Plastic Waste Based on Marshall Mix Design and Dry Mixing Method
Presently, plastic waste has become a significant problem. Unavoidably, discovering new methods to recycle those plastic wastes is still needed. Nevertheless, most plastic wastes are thermoplastics that can be effectively mixed in the hot mix asphalt process. However, there is no suitable mix design method for the asphalt concrete mixed with plastic wastes. Based on the dry mixing process, this research aimed to present a modified Marshall mix design for asphalt concrete mixed with (polyethylene, PE) and plastic. The plastic is mixed with hot aggregates before mixing with the hot asphalt cement (binder). This research focused on the study materials of asphalt concrete mixed with plastic (ACP) and asphalt concrete (AC) with no plastic added. The study results showed that following the modified Marshal mix design for ACP, the ACP using PE entirely complies with all Marshall mix design’ requirements. Compared to AC, ACP provided higher Marshall stability with lesser cement content. This modified Marshall mix design of ACP based on the dry mixing concept could be used to incorporate plastic wastes into the hot mix asphalt process in the future.
โชติชนิต เทียนไชย
Improvement of Hnong Han Soil with Natural Rubber and Cement Suitable for Highway Material
The objective of this research is to improve the CBR value of Hnong Harn sediment soil to be suitable for highway material. The natural rubber and cement are used to improvement addition. The natural rubber content was at 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 %, while the cement content was at 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 % by weight of dry soil. In case of natural rubber at 2.5 and 5.0 % tended to increase the dry unit weight. In case of natural rubber content greater than 7.5%, dry unit weight decreases with an increase in the natural rubber. The CBR value increase with increase of the dry unit weight. The appropriate content of natural rubber to be in the range of 3.5% - 6.1%. In the cement-mixed sample that after curing 28 days, the results showed that soil unit weight and CBR increase with an increase of cement content.
นายพัฒนศักดิ์ ชียพรรณา
นัฐวุฒิ เหมะธุลิน
Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control on Back Slope by Flapped Soi Bags and Soil Anchor in Kanchanaburi
Kanchanaburi Province is located in the mountainous area with frequent erosion and slope instability problem, in particular, in rural road Kancahaburi no 3091 in Paag-Mhaung village of Thong Phaa Phum district. This paper presents the slope stabilization work along the back slope of this road, including flapped soil bags for erosion control with soil nail and screw pile for slope stabilization. Also presented are soil profile investigation using Kunzelstab penetration test (KPT), slope stability analysis and IoT field monitoring namely tiltmeter, soil moisture and rain gauge to evaluate the long term performance of the stabilization work.
Simulations for dry granular flows behavior and open check dam properties
This article presents a simulation of the flow of dry granules in a flume to study the flow behavior of dry granules when passing through an open check dam. The simulation was carried out using the Discrete element method (DEM) to study the flow behavior of polyhedral granules. The contact dynamics method (CD) is required. The important variables to be studied were the pattern and internal angles of open check dams. The flow slope was determined at 30 degrees, and the spacing of each pile was 1.22d95. In conclusion Alpha-shaped open check dams have reduced impact force and better trapping efficiency than V-shaped open check dams. The trapping efficiency of these two open check dam patterns differs clearly from each of the internal angles of the open check dams more than impact force reduction. Consequently, all the open check dams studied in impact force reduction were insignificant to the efficiency of the open check dams when the internal angle changed in the range of 60 to 100 degrees, but the trapping efficiency indicates the open check dam’s effectiveness when different pattern and internal angles of the open check dam.
สุริยาวุธ ประอ้าย
Effects of Microbiologically Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) on Properties of Historic Brick and Mortar in the Historic Site
Thai historical buildings are located in the open air without protection, which exposes them to deterioration of the constructed materials and eventually results to the structural instability. This study explores the improvement of the materials of ancient buildings (consisting of bricks and mortars) by the Microbiologically Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) method to fill in the hair cracks and voids on the material surface. Better engineering properties are thus expected. This method of improvement complies with the requirements of the Fine Arts Department that does not allow vibration around the area of ​​the historical site. The bacteria used in this study was Lysinibacillus which is a bacteria with high potential for calcium carbonate production. The bricks were adopted from factories in Ayutthaya and mortars mix were recommended by the Fine Arts Department. In the tests, both bricks and mortar were submerged in solution of Lysinibacillus in the laboratory for 14, 21, 28 days. An analysis by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) revealed that cracks and voids in the ancient materials were filled and the porosity decreased. The compressive strength was also increased.
ชิษณุพงศ์ ทองหนู
ดนัย เผ่าหฤหรรษ์
Behavior of Surrounding Soil and Reduction of Friction Resistance in Underground Pipe Jacking of Bangkok Clay
Pipe jacking is a trenchless process for laying of pipes. Successful pipe jacking requires a low skin friction resistance between jacked pipe and surrounding soil. This is accomplished with well-planned lubrication. However, the behavior of surrounding soil should be understood before applying any lubrication. This paper demonstrates the results of a series of experiment carried out to investigate the behavior of surrounding soil. The new approach for lubricant injection is introduced in this paper. In addition, two field cases were carefully selected to check out the capability of a new approach. As a result, the new approach represented a greater satisfaction up to 45 percent reduction of skin friction resistance comparing to the existing and prevalent method which is indicated that the new approach has higher efficiency.
ปัณฑ์ งามแสงรัตน์
Performance of silty sand ground improvement vibro stone column under consolidation condition
Silty sand is another main problem soil type found in various parts of the world, its stiffness and high bearing capacity in dry soil conditions. But on the other hand, if the silty sand comes in contact with water there is a huge risk of failure because soil that in a saturate condition or partially saturate condition lose strength and lose stiffness under applied load. The soil a solid change behavior a liquid: results in excess pore pressure, lateral displacement, settlement and slop failure. Most of behaviors are found in silty sand saturated condition and loose condition. This research aim at investigates the performance of silty sand ground improvement vibro stone column under consolidation condition, the dimeter difference (50, 75, and 100 millimeter) and the relative density difference (0, 40, 70, and 100 percent). The test resulting, it was found that large dimeter stone column accelerates the consolidation rate of silty sand various, reducing the difference of settlement and stress on soil due to high area replacement ratio. In addition, the stone column is increased bearing capacity, increase soil stability and reducing liquefaction due to high porosity of stone column are increase drainage.
Improvement of silty clay with alkali activated recycle concrete and bagasse ash.
งานวิจัยนี้ศึกษาการปรับปรุงคุณภาพดินเหนียวปนตะกอนด้วยสารอัลคาร์ไลน์ เศษคอนกรีต และเถ้าชานอ้อย โดยใช้เถ้าชานอ้อย (BA) และเศษคอนกรีต (RC) เป็นสารตั้งต้น และ โซเดียมไฮดรอกไซด์ (NaOH) เป็นสารละลาย Alkali activator เพื่อนำวัสดุที่เหลือทิ้งกลับมาใช้ประโยชน์สำหรับงานถนน งานวิจัยนี้นี้ศึกษากำลังอัดของดินที่ถูกปรับปรุงแปรผันตามอัตราส่วนผสมดินเหนียวปนดินตะกอนต่ออัตราส่วนสารเชื่อมประสานเท่ากับ 70:30 อัตราส่วนเศษคอนกรีตต่อเถ้าชานอ้อยที่ 100:0, 70:25, 50:50 และ 25:75 ความเข้มข้นของโซเดียมไฮดรอกไซด์เท่ากับ 8 โมลาร์ การทดสอบกำลังอัดแกนเดียวทดสอบที่ 2 สภาวะ ได้แก่ แบบแช่น้ำ และไม่แช่น้ำ แปรผันอายุบ่มที่ 7 และ 28 วัน และแปรผันความชื้นที่ 0.8OWC, OWC และ 1.2OWC ผลการทดสอบพบว่าค่ากำลังอัดสูงสุดพบที่ปริมาณความชื้นที่เหมาะสมที่อัตราส่วนผสม อัตราส่วนเศษคอนกรีตต่อเถ้าชานอ้อยที่ 100:0 (OWC = 3,140 kPa.) สำหรับการทดสอบแบบไม่แช่น้ำ นอกจากนี้พบว่าสำหรับการทดสอบแบบแช่น้ำตัวอย่างส่วนใหญ่เสียหาย โดยกำลังอัดที่สูงที่สุดพบที่อัตราส่วนเศษคอนกรีตต่อเถ้าชานอ้อยที่ 50:50 ที่ความชื้น 1.2OWC ที่อายุบ่ม 7 วัน จะได้กำลังอัดที่สูงที่สุดที่ 817 kPa. อีกทั้งกำลังอัดมีค่าสูงขึ้นตามอายุการบ่มที่ 28 วัน ในทุกอัตราส่วนผสม ดังนั้นมีความเป็นไปได้ที่จะนำไปปรับใช้กับงานมาตรฐานรองพื้นทางสำหรับงานถนน
นายกุลศุภณัช พรมมา
Application of bottom ash as pavement material
Nowadays, Thailand has an increasing electricity demand and coal-fired power plants require a lot of coal-fired fuel. The material obtained from coal is called coal ash. Most of Thailand’s sources of coal ash come from the Mae Moh power plant. The coal ash from the power generating process consists of 75–80% fly ash and 20–25% bottom ash per year. Fly ash can be widely used, while bottom ash is a waste material managed by landfills. If bottom ash can be applied to engineering work, it will increase its value and reduce its environmental impact. The bottom ash particles have a rough texture, sharp edges, and are larger than fly ash. In dry conditions, it is like dust without any bonding between particles. However, particle friction can increase the strength of material used for road construction. Suitable and quality materials for construction in some areas are difficult to come by. It is necessary to spend on transportation, which is the cause of increasing construction costs. Ground improvement with materials that can be increased strength enough to be used as the pavement is one option. Then, this study shows the improvement in laterite when replaced with bottom ash and treated with cement. Experiments consisted of unconfined compressive strength (UCS), splitting tensile strength (STT), and California bearing ratio (CBR). The result of this study shows that 20% of bottom ash content is appropriate for all cement content and curing time. Moreover, it can be applied as a material for soil-cement base pavement according to standard, DH-S 204/2556, Department of Highway, Thailand.
Development of a device for soil profiling based on the measurement of microtremors
Geophysical survey is one of methods used in mining industries, petroleum explorations, groundwater explorations, earthquake studies, and geotechnical site investigations. In this study, an exploration system is developed to determine shear wave velocity profiles from records of small vibrations on ground surface (Microtremors). A microcomputer (Raspberry Pi), a 24bit analog-to-digital converter and geophones are used for measuring microtremors and wirelessly sending the observed data to a smartphone. The vibration records are then analyzed in the smartphone for the shear wave velocity profile based on the spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) method and a artificial neural network (ANN). The predictions from the developed system were found to be agreed with a downhole test result at Chulalongkorn University when measuring in a suitable radius.
Unconfined Compressive Strength and Indirect Tensile Strength of Crushed Rock-Cement Waste Improved with Hydraulic Cement
This research investigated the unconfined compressive strength and indirect tensile strength of crushed rock-cement waste improved with Portland cement type I (PC) and hydraulic cement (HC). Binder contents of 1, 3, and 5% by weight of dry soil were used. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and indirect tensile strength (ITS) of samples at a curing time of 7 days were evaluated. The test results showed that the UCS and ITS of crushed rock-cement waste improved with PC and HC increasing with binder content. The UCS and ITS of crushed rock-cement waste improved with PC were higher than those of samples with HC. The optimum cement content was 3% for PC and HC, which gave UCS samples that met strength requirements.
ปัญญา สุวรรณกลาง
สุภัณกฤษ ชาชำนาญ
ผลกระทบของสารละลายโพแทสเซียมต่อคุณสมบัติการบวมตัวของดินบวมตัวในพื้นที่แม่เมาะ
This paper presents the result of an experiment of using potassium solutions to reduce swell potential of expansive clay soil in Mae Moh District, Lampang Province, which has caused a lot of damages on buildings and road pavements in the area when moisture in the soil increased. Mae Moh expansive soil mineral was mainly montmorillonite mineral which is attractive to water in contrast to illite mineral of non-expansive soils. The only difference is illite has potassium ions bonding those sheets together while montmolillonite has no potassium ions present. This allows water to be attracted into the space between the sheets easily. Based on this fact, an assumption was set that if potassium ions were added in between the three-layer sheet of montmorillonite of the soils the swell potential could be reduced. In this experiment, Unrestrained swell test was used. samples of Mae Moh expansive soil were soaked in three types of potassium solutions: potassium chloride (KCl); potassium nitrate (KNO3); and potassium hydroxide (KOH), and then tested for the resultant swelling potential and X-Ray Diffraction analysis was performed using the Match! 3 program. The results showed that using 10% by weight KCl solution, 20% by weight KNO3 solution, and percent KOH solution. 20% by weight reduces percent swell of soils from 8.04% to 3.94%, 5.04% and 6.73% respectively.
ศุภกิตติ์ กรวดสูงเนิน
Application of light-weight deflectometer for evaluation of stress level-dependent constrained modulus of a soil
Resilient modulus is one of the important parameters used in the design and analysis of pavement materials. In general, is usually evaluated by laboratory repeated load triaxial (RLT) test, which is complicated and time-consumed. To solve these problems, many researches have been studied to find out other methods for determining in a simple manner. In this paper, an application of impact load method by a dynamic hammer (DH) on a crushed rock sample compacted in CBR mould was attempted for evaluating the soil stiffness , and a method for analysing constrained modulus for various stress levels was proposed. Then, the was compared with the constrained modulus for various stress levels obtained performing one-dimensional compression test. The material used in this study was a well-graded crushed rock. The followings are found from the results of this study. Firstly, in a series of DH tests with the same falling height, the value gradually increases with the number of drops , approaching a stable value when approaches infinity. The value corresponding to equal to infinity can be determined by a hyperbolic method. Secondly, the constrained modulus by DH test can be determined by the true values determined for different stress levels depending on different falling heights used in DH test. Lastly, the relationship agrees with the relationship, however the former exhibited large data scattering.
ธนรัฐ ขวัญเจริญทรัพย์
Improvement of Marginal Lateritic Soil by Using Biomass Ash Geopolymer
This research studied unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and indirect tensile strength (ITS) of lateritic soil (LS) improved by biomass ash (BA) geopolymer. The lateritic soil used in the research was marginal lateritic soil (MLS) that did not meet the standard of the department of highway. Solution of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3, NS) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH, NH) were a mixture of alkaline solutions. The MLS/BA ratio of 90:10, NS/NH ratios of 10:90, 30:70, and 50:50 and NH concentration of 8 M were used in this study. soaked- and unsoaked-strengths of MLS-BA geopolymer samples were tested at curing time of 7 days. The maximum UCS and ITS of MLS-BA geopolymer samples were found at MLS/BA ratio of 90:10, and NS/NH ratio of 50:50 which gave soaked- and unsoaked-UCS values of 972 and 1,066 kPa and soaked- and unsoaked-ITS values of 135 and 137 kPa, respectively.
Prediction of creep behaviour from temperature-accelerated load relaxation behaviour of a polypropylene geogrid
Nowadays, geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) structures have been widely adopted. The most important concern on durability characteristic of geosynthetic reinforcements is creep behaviour. Conventional creep test is normally used to determine the creep behaviour of polymer geosynthetic reinforcements, but it is highly time-consumed. As a result, a temperature-accelerated technique has been introduced. The results of short-term creep test (~ 24 hours) can predict long-term creep behaviour. Furthermore, a concept to predict creep behaviour of geosynthetic reinforcements from their stress relaxation behaviour was introduced from the past studies. The results showed that the time history of creep strain (~ 8 hours) can be predicted from the results of stress relaxation tests performed for a much shorter period (~ 3 hours). In this study, the combination between temperature-accelerated test (i.e., Stepped isothermal method (SIM) for creep and Time-temperature superposition method (TTS) for stress relaxation) and prediction of creep behaviour from stress relaxation behaviour was conducted. The results of the temperature-accelerated stress relaxation for the total time-consumed period of 12 hours can predict time history of irreversible strain for about 115 hours. After that, this result can predict the time history of creep strain of 348 hours. With the combined method introduced in this study, the consumed time can be saved for about a factor of 29.
รวิวาร เอกอินทุมาศ
Analysis of behaviours of single pile and pile groups subjected to lateral loading by 3D finite element
Pile is one of the key elements of a building, which is responsible for supporting the weight of the structure and transferring it into the ground. Usually, the pile not only transfers the weight, which is the vertical force but also the lateral force. Therefore, the behaviour of single pile and pile groups subjected to lateral loading should be investigated. In this study, the behaviour of one-directional lateral loading of a single pile and pile groups was analysed by a 3D finite element method (FEM), and their results were compared with the experimental ones of physical model tests of the previous studies. In addition, the effects of influence zone on the behaviour of pile group were also investigated. The followings are found. Firstly, the relationship between the lateral pile load and pile deflection analysed by the 3D FEM are close to the ones observed from the physical model test. Secondly, the pile arrangements in the box pattern are more susceptible to the shadow and edge effects than the ones in the side-by-side pattern. With increasing the pile spacing in a pile group, the effect of influence zone decreases and thus the pile group efficiency increases. The pile group efficiency can be explained by the influence zone, which can be visualized and illustrated by 3D FEM performed in this study.
A Theoretical and Numerical Study on Effects of Overburden Stress on the Capacity of Under-Reamed Pile
Under-reamed piles are the cast-in-situ concrete bored piles having one or two bulbs formed by enlarging the pile tip of the stem. By providing the under reamed bulbs, the bearing capacity of piles increases significantly when comparing to the one of typical piles. End bearing capacity and friction capacity are all components of bearing capacity. This research studied the influences of the overburden stress of on the bearing capacity of single pile by analyzing the influence zones to determine the maximum shear strain. Results of physical model test from the past study, ultimate bearing capacity theoretically analyzed, and results from FEM analysis were used and the contours of maximum shear strain obtained by the experiment and FEM, which defines the influence zone, were compared. The followings are found. Pile capacity ratio (PCR) of single pile increases to around 2 to 3 if the pile is under-reamed because of the increase of the bearing area. Increasing of number of bulbs does not significantly increase the capacity of single pile. When the surcharge load is increased from 0 to 100 kPa on the ground surface, the PCR of single under-reamed pile becomes 2 to 9 and the PCR of multi-layered under-reamed pile is 3 to 13. If there is no surcharge, the ultimate pile capacities of multi-layered under-reamed pile determined from the experiment and FEM are close to the ones of single-layered under-reamed pile. On the other hand, increasing surcharge significantly increases the PCR of multi-layered under-reamed pile. Thus, the overburden stress significantly influences to the soil strength. The increase of the pile capacity can be explained by the increase of the area of influence zone. That is, it becomes significantly larger when the pile is under-reamed.
บุษยา สุวรรณจินดา
วิวรรธน์ วชิรภูมิภักดิ์
Behaviors of a Single Pile Subjected to Lateral Loading Predicted by Analytical and Numerical Methods
Pile is one of the key elements of a building, which is responsible for supporting the weight of a structure and transferring it into the ground. Usually, the weight is the vertical force. In fact, the pile also must transfer the lateral force, which is important to consider. This research is interested in the analysis of behaviours of a single pile installed in sand when subjected to lateral load using non-dimensional method (NDM), finite element method (FEM) and finite difference method (FDM), of which the outcomes are internal force and deflection along the pile. The analysis also included Poulos's method (Poulos's) and characteristic load method (CLM), of which the outcomes are deflection at the ground level and maximum bending moment in the pile. The results of these analyzes were compared with the results obtained from a physical modeling test from previous research. By comparison, it is found that NDM and Poulos’s gave accurate results when the lateral load on the pile head is low. Similar result could be observed with FEM and FDM. For FDM, using of soil modulus constant with depth resulted in less accuracy than using of soil modulus varied with depth. Nonetheless, CLM gave the most accurate result comparing to the other methods as the results remained accurate despite the increased load on the pile head, because the non-linear behaviours of soil are taken into consideration. This is different from the other methods in that the non-linear behaviours of soil around the pile are not considered.
สิบปภาส สุวรรณชล
Impact of temperature on elastic and time-dependent deformation behaviours of a Hostun sand in triaxial compression shearing
Long-term deformation of geomaterials is related to the time effects, which is consisting of the following two components: i) loading rate effect; and ii) ageing effect. Nowadays, the number of temperature-related geotechnical engineering projects tends to increase, e.g., energy pile, heating and cooling via borehole heat exchangers, etc. Therefore, thermo-mechanical behaviour should be investigated for the long-term deformation problems. For recent years, the thermo-mechanical behaviour of cohesive soils has been revealed by various studies, while there are limited studies regarding the thermal effects in granular materials such as sand. This research performed a series of special drained triaxial compression tests on Hostun sand, which is widely used in the field of geotechnical engineering research. The cyclic loading (CL) and sustained loading (SL) were performed to evaluate the quasi-elastic Young’s modulus and creep behaviour at different temperatures. The target temperatures consist of 30, 45, and 60 °C. The results show that: i) the elastic Young’s modulus is stress level-dependent, which is of a hypo-elastic type; ii) the elastic Young’s modulus decreases with an increase in the temperature; and iii) the creep strain increases with increasing temperature and stress level.
Implementation of Artificial Neural Network for Prediction of Pavement Structure Strains at Critical Locations
Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) test is commonly used to evaluate the conditions of a pavement structure. The surface deflections measured by a FWD test are normally used in back-calculation analysis to determine the elastic Young’s modulus of the pavement structure materials, which later on is inputted into a forward calculation, usually by a Linear Elastic Analysis (LEA), to determine the strains mobilised at the critical locations (et,ac and ec,sg) in the pavement structure for evaluation of the remaining life. It is of interest to develop a tool for predicting the values of et,ac and ec,sg directly from the FWD deflections while bypassing the above-mentioned back- and forward calculations, which are highly time-consuming. In this research, artificial neural network (ANN), which is a function built-in MATLAB2020 program, was used as the tool for such a prediction. There are three types of pavement structures investigated, which are: i) cement-modified crushed rock base pavement structure; ii) combined-surface pavement structure; and iii) thin-surface pavement structure. A database consisting of the strains at the critical locations and the FWD deflections for each pavement structure type, which were obtained by data generating with LEA in a previous research, were used. The FWD deflections were transformed to various deflection basin parameters (DBPs), and then used to train ANN to correlate with the strains at the critical locations. By comparing the strains predicted by ANN with the ones from LEA as the input, it is found that, in general, the maximum error is around only 3%. In addition, the results predicted by ANN in the present study are substantially more accurate than the ones predicted by a non-linear regression method with statistical equations of the previous study. Hence, the developed ANN can be used to analyse the FWD deflections to determine the critical location’s strains for evaluating the conditions of a pavement structure.
Development of controlled low-strength from recycled concrete activated by alkali for pavement engineering application
Nowadays, the amount of waste generated from the demolition of buildings is increasing and tends to cause environmental problems in the future. Therefore, this research aims to study the mixture ratio of controlled low strength material (CLSM) using industrial waste materials. It consists of fly ash from Mae Moh Power Plant, natural sand, and recycled concrete from demolition building structures. and a solution of sodium hydroxide with high base properties as a solvent. for use in pavement engineering It will study the basic properties of engineering. And the power properties of the CLSM are in accordance with the ACI229R-99 standard and the road construction standards of the Department of Highways of Thailand. A solution of 10 molar sodium hydroxide was used as a leaching agent, and natural sand and recycled concrete were used as fine aggregate in the ratio of recycled concrete to 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent of the CLSM samples . The basic CLSM engineering of the CLSM include slum loss, slum flow, setting time, bleeding, unit weight and unconfined compressive strength properties were tested. This is a key parameter for pavement design.
Estimation of Standard Penetration Number with Index Properties of Cohesive Soil
The standard penetration number is obtained from the standard penetration test, which is one of the soil engineering investigations. The standard penetration number can be used to classify soil according to soft or hard and loose or dense for cohesive and cohesionless soil, respectively. In addition, it can approximately represent the undrained shear strength, bearing capacity, and settlement of the foundations. This article presents the estimations of the standard penetration number of cohesive soil with standard properties, using empirical relationships and statistical methods. The results show that the standard penetration number has a statistically significant relationship with basic soil properties. Also, this study can successfully and precisely estimate the standard penetration number with an R-squared of 0.996
ฐิติศักดิ์ ชัชวาล
ภานุมาส เรื่องทิพย์
โกมิลย์ ชัยรัตนงามเดช
อนุกุล อ่างบุญตา
Testing for Hydraulic Conductivity of Mae Moh Expansive Soil and Estimation of Seepage Time from a Reservoir to a Damaged Building
The value of hydraulic conductivity (k) is an important parameter for expansive soils. It can be used for estimating the heaving time of soil surfaces and buildings constructed on expansive soils. The value can also be used to design perimeters or distances between drilled holes for injection of some substances used for reducing the swell potential of the soils. This article presents results of hydraulic conductivity tested both in a laboratory and in situ on expansive soil in Mae Moh District, Lampang Province. The results showed that the laboratory value was 4.49E-08 cm/s and the in-situ value was 6.29E-05 cm/s. In addition, a simulation of water seepage through expansive soil from a water reservoir to a damaged building sitting on expansive soil was conducted. The simulation demonstrated that the estimated time after the reservoir was built until the damage occurred to the building was close to the actual time.
จุฬาลักษณ์ ทองแท่ง
A study trapping efficiency and mitigation of dry granular and driftwood flow behavior on open check dam
This article was prepared for the objective of determining the efficacy of open check dams in the trapping efficiency and mitigation of landslide and debris flow using dry granular and driftwood (debris) as the experimental materials flowing in flume testing. Using 2 types of open check dams, namely Alpha-shape and V-shape layout, each of the open check dams has internal angles of 80, 90, and 100 degrees, for a total of 6 open check dams in the experiment. The flow slope is set at 25 and 30 degrees. An open check dam is installed in front and an impact gauge check dam is installed behind it to measure the impact force when debris flows through the open check dams. In the experiment, the flow of debris against the impact gauge check dam would increase in pressure continuously over time. Debris moving against the impact gauge check dam develops a pile, and lateral pressure is applied by the impact gauge check dam against the debris previous self, thereby reducing the force acting on the impact gauge check dam. The trapping efficiency and mitigation performance of an open check dam are uncertain when the flow slope is different. Therefore, the application of the open check dam layout should be used following the nature of that area.
ปาลินี สุมิตสวรรค์
ขวัญสิรินภา ธนะวงศ์
The Influence of temperature to the performance of road subbase material produced from recycle asphalt pavement (RAP)
This research investigates the effect of temperature on the performance of road subbase produced from recycled asphalt pavement (RAP). To prepare the RAP subbase, RAP was blended with low plasticity clay at 95%, 85%, 75% and 50% by dry weight. The optimum moisture contents of all mixtures were primarily determined based on the modified compaction test. Three groups of samples, with three replicates, were prepared by compacting the mixtures at optimum moisture content. Before the performance tests, two groups of samples were placed in the oven at 60 ºC and 150 ºC for 24 hours. Another group was left untouched at room temperature. Then, the California bearing ratio test, unconfined compressive strength test, and indirect tensile strength test were performed with the three groups of samples. The performance test results indicate that, without temperature effects, the strength of the RAP subbase is dependent on the compaction degree. On the other hand, with the increase in curing temperature, the strength of RAP subbase is highly influenced by the percentage of the RAP in the mixture not only the compaction degree. The results of this study concluded that a temperature of 60 °C resulted in a mixture of the RAP to the clay at a ratio of 75:25 and at a temperature of 150 °C at a mixture ratio of 75:25. CBR test the material will withstand a lot of strength.
ณัฐนนท์ คุ้มครุฑ
The Prediction of Cement-Polymer Stabilized Road Base Strength from the Free-free Resonance Testing Result
This research investigates the relationship between the free-free frequency resonant test results and the performance of cement-polymer stabilized soil. Two types of polymers are used in this research, which are the Styrene Acrylic (SA) polymer and Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR). The crushed rock material is employed as the parent material and represent conventional road base. The optimum amount of cement and polymer will be determined based on the Department of Highways standard by considering the liquid polymer as water. The prepared samples will be cured in the closed container, at room temperature, for 7, 14, 28 and 60 days. After that, the free-free frequency resonant test will be conducted prior to the strength tests. The strength tests conducted in this research include Unconfined Compressive Strength test (UCS) and the Indirect Tensile Strength Test (IDT). The test results indicate that sample to length ratio (D/L) affects the strength of cement-polymer stabilized soil. The additional of SBR improves the indirect tensile strength of cement-stabilized soil, while the additional of SA results in strength drop. At the final stage of this research, the strength prediction equation from the shear wave velocity was developed.
ภัคพงศ์ หอมเนียม
Monitoring the Vibration Response of a Tunnel Boring Machine for Real Time Detection of Geological Conditions
During tunnel excavation, unexpected geological conditions and changes in the advancing direction present geological hazards and challenging problems during tunnel construction. In the study, real-time vibration monitoring is carried out on the surrounding rock during the excavation process using a tunnel boring machine (TBM) to study the changes in the vibrational response and geological conditions. The monitoring is performed on the Mae Tang - Mae Ngad - Mae Kuang Diversion Tunnel Project in Northern Thailand which is excavated using a TBM. The diameter of the tunnel is 4.74 meters, and the excavation is in general in rock conditions. The monitoring system consists of geophone sensors mounted on the Tunnel Boring Machine and on the segmented wall. Subsequently, velocity time histories are analyzed in the time domain and spectral frequency domain. The TBM vibrations during excavation in hard rock or mixed face ground conditions (MFC) in addition to the TBM parameters are related to geological conditions and results from the monitoring suggested that the geological conditions changed during the drilling process.
Analysis of Full-scale Load Tests on Bored Piles Socketed in Weathered Rock: A Case Study of the Subsoils of Phnom Penh Area
Construction of high-rise buildings in the city of Phnom Penh has increased significantly in the past decade. The typical subsurface conditions of this urban area consist of a complex sequence of fluvial deposits of sandy and clayey soils underlain by sedimentary rock. Bored piles socketed in the rock layer have primarily been used as the foundation systems for such high-rise buildings. However, the current design knowledge of large-capacity bored piles in these particular ground conditions is rather limited. Due to the availability of the experimental results of full-scale static load test and high-strain dynamic tests on large-diameter bored piles, the present study was undertaken to gain better insight into the load transfer mechanisms as well as the settlement response of such deep foundations. A 2D axisymmetric finite element analysis was also performed to simulate the load-settlement relations obtained from the static load test. The experimental results indicated that skin friction significantly contributes to the pile mobilized capacities, to a degree much more than what previously thought by the local geotechnical community. The numerical predictions of the finite element model were observed to match the experimental load-settlement relationships fairly precisely. Parameter values of the soils and rocks that result in such realistic simulations of the pile response are presented herein.
STABILIZATION OF MARGINAL LATERITIC SOIL BY ALKALI-ACTIVATED RECYCLE CONCRETE AND BAGGAGE ASH
This research investigates the possibility of improving marginal lateritic soil by polymerization to be used as road material. The polymerization process uses bagasse ash (BA) and recycled concrete (RC) as a precursor and sodium alkali (NaOH) as an alkali activator, which is the process of using waste material for road material. The interested Variables of the improved soils are soil to the binder at 90:10, the ratio of RC to BA at 100:0, 70:25, 66:33, 50:50, 33:66, 25:75, and 0:100 NaOH concentration at eight molars, the unconfined compressive strength was tested at soaked, curing times at 7 and 28 days and varies water content at 0.8OWC, OWC, and 1.2OWC. The result found the highest strength at OWC ratio RC: BA at 25:75 (OWC = 737 kPa.) at 28 days. Therefore, it is possible to use improvement for road material.
นายนัธทวัฒน์ วรรณศิริ
Optimization of tunnel boring machine’s parameters under controlled surface settlement
The construction of the tunnel usually leads to settlement which normally depends on the tunnel geometries, geological parameters and tunnel boring machine’s parameters. The tunneling construction rate is commonly reduced with more strict value of controlled surface settlement, resulting in an increase of time and budget of tunnel construction. This study is aimed to determine the optimal tunnel construction parameters using Genetic Algorithm (GA) with varying allowable surface settlements incorporated with the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for predictions of surface settlement and tunneling construction rate. In this study, the MRTA Blue Line data are used to train the ANN and used as case study for determining optimal tunnel construction parameters. The results also indicated that the penetration rate and grouting pressure change significantly with the variation of allowable settlement.
สหัสวรรษ วัยนิพิฐพงษ์
ศศิพิมพ์ แสนบุญศิริ
นลวิชญ์ นพคุณทอง
วุฒิพงศ์ เมืองน้อย
Lateritic Soil Improvement with Calcium Carbide Residue Mixed in Different Ratios
The objectives of this project are was to study the unconfined compressive strength of laterite soil mixed with calcium carbide Residue (CCR) Which is industrial waste from Acetylene gas production. In order to reduce waste and reduce by mixing in the ratio of 0% to 12% receptively Which has factor that affect the compressive strength, including calcium carbide residue content, compressive strength, water content and sample curing time of the sample tested by standard proctor test The result of unconfined compressive test. The soil mixed in 0% calcium carbide residue to receive a compressive strength as 2.969 ksc 2% has strength of 3.248 ksc a 4%, has a strength of 4.303 ksc a 6% has strength of 4.508 ksc a 8%, has strength of 4.710 ksc a 10%, has strength of 4.412 ksc a 12%, a strength of 4.330 ksc The soil mixed with calcium carbide sludge had the highest compressive strength without lateral force at 8%, with a compressive strength of 4.710 ksc and higher strength from laterite soil without calcium carbide sludge. Up to 58.639%
ยงยุทธ ศิริศรีเพ็ชร์
พิชชาภา พัฒนกูลเกียรติ
ศุภสิทธิ์ สายขุน
การใช้วัสดุ Expanded Polystyrene Geofoam (EPS) เพื่อลดการทรุดตัวของคันทางและคอสะพานในประเทศไทย
Highways constructed on the Bangkok clay area are subjected to excessive settlement due to loads. There are two types of structures generally used in highway construction including pavement and bridge structures. Differential settlement often occurs between these two types of structures resulting in reduction of driving comfort. Highway agencies usually use so called bearing unit to adjust this differential settlement. However, it cannot cope with this problem as embankment construction on soft clay will continuously settlement. Asphalt levelling at the approach structure is usually the solution to keep smoothness to the pavement surface but it is adding weight to the structure therefore increasing the rate of differential settlement. Highway agencies need more budget on maintenance for driving quality. This paper presents a case study on the use of Expanded Polystyrene Geofoam (EPS) as an alternative solution to reduce differential settlement at bridge approach. The analysis includes reliability study of using EPS in various situations. The analysis shows that the use of EPS is worth the investment as well as reduction of energy consumption and pollution generated from transportation and road machinery in the compaction of traditional embankment material compared to EPS. The use of EPS promotes reduction in the damage to highways that need to transport embankment materials through highway networks as well as shorten of construction period.
Strengths of marginal lateritic soil stabilized with biomass ash and alkaline solution
This research investigated the improvement of marginal lateritic soil stabilized by biomass ash and alkaline solution. Biomass ash was a by-product of a power plant in Songkhla province. The alkaline solution used in this study was sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The marginal lateritic soil/biomass ash ratio of 70:30 and NaOH contents of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% by optimum water content were used. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and indirect tensile strength (ITS) of specimens at a curing time of 7 days were evaluated. It was found that UCS and ITS of marginal lateritic soil stabilized by biomass ash and alkaline solution increased as NaOH content increased. The maximum UCS and ITS of marginal lateritic soil stabilized by biomass ash and alkaline solution were 683.25, 697.15 and 342.25, 365.67 kPa at NaOH contents of 20% by optimum water content.
อัครพัชร์ อมรเวชรัตน์
วรวิทย์ โพธิ์จันทร์