The 28th National Convention on Civil Engineering
การประชุมวิชาการวิศวกรรมโยธาแห่งชาติ ครั้งที่ 28 The 28th National Convention on Civil Engineering การประชุมวิชาการวิศวกรรมโยธาแห่งชาติ เป็นงานประชุมวิชาการที่จัดขึ้นเป็นประจำอย่างต่อเนื่องในทุกปี นับตั้งแต่ปี พ.ศ. 2537 จนถึงปัจจุบัน โดยครั้งนี้เป็นครั้งที่ 28 ซึ่ง มหาวิทยาลัยสงขลานครินทร์ ได้ร่วมกับวิศวกรรมสถานแห่งประเทศไทย (The Engineering Institute of Thailand) ในพระบรมราชูถัมภ์ (วสท.) เป็นผู้ดำเนินการ โดยได้รับการสนับสนุนเป็นอย่างดีจากสถาบันอุดมศึกษาทั่วประเทศ และหน่วยงานที่เกี่ยวข้องทางด้านวิศวกรรมโยธา การประชุมครั้งนี้ มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อเป็นเวทีในการนำเสนอข้อมูลและผลงานทางด้านวิศวกรรมโยธาให้กับนักวิชาการ นักวิจัย วิศวกร นิสิตนักศึกษา ผู้ปฏิบัติงานทางด้านวิศวกรรมโยธา หรือสาขาที่เกี่ยวข้องทั้งชาวไทยและต่างประเทศ รวมไปถึงประชาชนผู้สนใจ ได้มีโอกาสร่วมแลกเปลี่ยน ถ่ายทอดความรู้ รวมถึงประสบการณ์ทางด้านวิศวกรรม และเป็นช่องทางในการต่อยอดนวัตกรรม งานวิจัย และประสบการณ์ทางด้านวิศวกรรม รวมทั้งการนำผลงานวิจัยไปใช้ในการปฏิบัติงานจริงอย่างไร้ขีดจำกัดให้เกิดประโยชน์ในภาพรวมที่สนองต่อการเปลี่ยนแปลงของสถานการณ์ต่างๆ ในท้ายที่สุด ผลได้จากการประชุมนี้จะช่วยสนับสนุนต่อการพัฒนาเศรษฐกิจ สิ่งแวดล้อม และสังคมของประเทศ รวมทั้งพัฒนางานวิชาการทางด้านวิศวกรรมอย่างยั่งยืน
Changing Travel Behavior from Sharing Electric Scooters in Chulalongkorn University
At the present time, Micromobility which means small, lightweight devices traveling at low speeds of up to 25 km/h and ideal for traveling up to 10 km, can be shared or owned, such as e-bikes, e-scooters. There has been a lot of interest in the past few years in the use of shared electric scooters. Its use is growing rapidly in many cities around the world as electric scooters are a relatively new mode of transport suitable for short trips and being promoted as an accessible alternative. This research therefore studies the role of shared electric scooters in changing travel behavior in the Chulalongkorn University area. The target groups used in the study were People who shared electric scooters at Chulalongkorn University Data was collected via questionnaires and personal interviews using simple random sampling method. The results showed that the subjects changed their travel behavior patterns from walking or cycling to using sharing electric scooters and the change in travel behavior also correlated with gender, level of education and monthly income. The results of the research provide insight into how travel patterns of users change which can be used as a basis for planning or formulating policies to supervise or promote such travel patterns in order to Continue to improve the efficiency of the overall transport system.
Copyright (c) 2023 The 28th National Convention on Civil Engineering
A Study on Household Characteristics, Trip Behaviours, and Potential of Using Electric Vehicles in Regional Mid-Sized Cities in Thailand: A Case Study of Khon Kaen City
This study aims at investigating household characteristics and travel behaviours of population in regional cities of Thailand, using Khon Kaen as a principal study area. According to the study, it is found that approximately 20 per cent of interviewed households are classified as high-potential electric car (EV) buyers. Also, the average distance of trip-chains made by the car-travellers is 12.14 km/day which can be performed by all of EV currently sold on the market without conditions. The findings also seem to imply more suitability of EV for daily uses in regional cities, considering distance and range compared to Bangkok. Eventually, EV markets in regional cities remain opening. Dedicated measures from the government may easily encourage use of EV in those regional cities.
จารุวิสข์ ปราบณศักดิ์
User Behavior of E-Scooter Sharing During the First month of the Service: A Case Study of Chulalongkorn University
Chulalongkorn University (CU) and the Property Management of Chulalongkorn University (PMCU) encourage sustainable, pollution-free commuting under the Sam Yan Smart City project by providing E-scooters for rent in the areas of Chulalongkorn University, Siam Square, Suan Luang, and Sam Yan since September 2022, which is a new form of transportation. This research focuses on the importance of travel behavior safety when traveling on a shared E-scooter. Therefore, a study was conducted on user behavior of E-scooter sharing during the first month of service. Moreover, logistic regression analysis is used to develop a model to forecast E-scooter sharing usage, with the data collected using online questionnaires and feedback received from 332 respondents. The statistical analysis found that 70% of E-scooter sharing users had at least one experience. At around 21.5%, E-scooter sharing users were most active between 4 - 6 p.m., and more than 97% preferred to ride on the road. In addition, it was found that 14.57% of E-scooter sharing users had an accident when riding a shared E-scooter. The findings indicate that two factors influence E-scooter sharing usage: gender and trip purpose. The findings of this study can serve as guidelines for improving service provision and continuing to issue safety regulations for the use of E-scooter sharing.
Factors Influencing Intention to Use Mobility as a Service (MaaS) in Bangkok
In the present day, transportation has been more developed, and more mobility options exist, including the rise of mobility applications to enhance easiness and convenience. This concept of integrating mobility options into one single platform is called Mobility as a Service or MaaS. MaaS includes features of planning, reservation, and payment of all existing transport options so travelers can choose the best travel option according to their requirements. This concept is new and has not been implemented in Thailand and there is no implementation in Thailand. This research explored the attitude and intention to use MaaS by travelers in Bangkok, to find out the influences of each factor on the intention to use MaaS service. The research adopted Unified Theory of Acceptance of Technology or UTAUT framework. As most factors about travel options and technologies already exist in real use, this research focused on the perception of benefits that the travelers could gain from using MaaS. The data were collected by questionnaire survey which collected attitudes on using existing technologies and intention to use MaaS. The analyses were carried out using Structural Equation Modeling or SEM to build relationship among intention to use and several factors. From 291 samples, the results indicate that the samples with age less than 30 years old (young samples) have higher frequency to use most types of applications except a few such as banking applications. For SEM analysis, the results show that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence influent user’s intention to use MaaS at loading factors of 0.219, 0.213 and 0.365 respectively.
รัชกร ภัคพิสุทธิ์กุล
Barriers to the Implementation of Shared Micro-Mobility Services in a Highly Motorized Context
Shared Micro-Mobility (SMM) services are a popular sustainable alternative to private vehicle use globally, particularly in European and Western cities, offering flexible, cost-effective, and on-demand transportation for short-distance trips and as a first/last-mile service. However, implementing SMM services in developing countries faces challenges, such as poor road conditions, private mode habits, and lack of connectivity. This research examines factors hindering SMM implementation and operation in Bangkok, Thailand, using a combination of a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and stakeholder interviews. The SLR approach used a keyword-based search to identify relevant articles and applied stringent criteria to exclude irrelevant ones. Subsequently, further articles were sourced to complement the selected ones. For stakeholder interviews, a total of 33 stakeholders related to the implementation of SMM services in Bangkok, including researchers, government agencies, and service providers, were included. The study found 53 potential barriers to implementing SMM in Bangkok, including 35 from stakeholder interviews and 34 from the literature review. After filtering out duplicates and irrelevant barriers, 26 barriers were identified and categorized into six groups including User Barriers, Institutional and Governance Barriers, City Infrastructure Barriers, Technological Barriers, Geographical Barriers, and Operational Barriers. The findings of this research can assist practitioners and decision-makers in formulating planning policies that can address the challenges facing the implementation of SMM services in both developing countries and Bangkok. SMM service providers can also utilize the findings to improve the service’s operation and implementation.
การนำเทคโนโลยีตรวจจับป้ายทะเบียนรถยนต์อัตโนมัติ (Automatic License Plate Recognition: ALPR) มาใช้แทนบัตร Transit Card ในโครงการปรับปรุงระบบเก็บค่าผ่านทาง ทางพิเศษบูรพาวิถี Development of Automatic License Plate Recognition Technology to replace Transit C
This article presents the development of Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) technology to replace Transit Card under the improvement project for Toll Collection System on Burapha Withi Expressway. Moreover, it supports seamless travel by reducing the work process for the calculation of toll fee according to the distance of the Burapha Withi expressway. By using ALPR technology to replace transit cards in the project, both Manual Toll Collection System (MTC) and Electronic Toll Collection System (ETC) will be improved. The comparison between advantages and disadvantages shows that expenses for operation and maintenance within 5 years will decrease EXAT’s budget from 214 million baht to only 25 million baht. In addition, the traffic throughput volume for the entry lane will extend from 600 vehicles per hour per lane to 1,800 vehicles per hour per lane and the traffic throughput volume for the exit lane will extend from 300 vehicles per hour per lane to 450 vehicles per hour per lane, which will help to solve the traffic congestion for both entry and exit lanes of the Burapha Withi expressway, the Kanchanaphisek (Bang Phli Suk Sawat) expressway and other future expressways. There are other benefits in the future when the improvement of Toll Collection System on Burapha Withi Expressway project will be opened for service. With ALPR technology, it will increase the efficiency of toll payment service and provide worthwhile returns to both the public and Expressway Authority of Thailand.
Forecasting the Traffic Volume and the Number of M-Flow Users on the Expressway Network
The opening of the Multi-Lane Free Flow (M-Flow) toll collection system provides expressway users with convenience, immediacy, and various toll payment channels, resulting in an increase in traffic volume on the expressway. This article presents the forecast of traffic volume and volume of M-Flow system users on the expressway network by applying the Gross Provincial Product (GPP) per population in the form of GPP per capita of Bangkok and its vicinity during the year 2011-2019 for analyzing traffic volume growth rates on four expressways, namely Chalong Rat, Burapha Withi, Kanchanaphisek, and Chalerm Mahanakorn. This study uses the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) for analysis to forecast the future traffic volume of each expressway over a 15-year period (2023-2037). The forecast results in Phase 1 (2022) of the 3 toll plazas are expected to increase the number of vehicles using the M-Flow system at 24,000 vehicles /day. At the end of 2023 which M-Flow will be applied on the entire expressway network, the number will increase up to 464,525 vehicles /day. It is anticipated that in 5, 10 and 15 years, M-Flow will reach up to 689,747, 1,092,449, and 1,383,699 vehicles /day respectively.
เสาวนี ศรีสุวรรณ
ศิวัช ปัญญาชัยวัฒนากูล
เทพฤทธิ์ รัตนปัญญากร
Analysis of the Economic Value Generated by the Implementation of the M-Flow Project on the Chalong Rat Expressway
The automatic toll collection system without barriers, Multi-Lane Free Flow (M-Flow), is a new type of expressway toll collection system which reduces the problem of jamming in front of the expressway toll gate, reduces air pollution emission and increases convenience for motorists to pay later (Post-paid). This paper presents the cost assessment or expenses incurred by implementing the M-Flow project on the Chalong Rat expressway for economic cost-effectiveness analysis, whereby the cost analysis of the project is divided into two cases: the absence of the M-Flow system and the case of the implementation of the M-Flow system (With M-Flow) to compare the cost-effectiveness and economic returns generated when the M-Flow system is operated from indicators such as net present value (NPV), economic internal rate of return (EIRR) and benefit-cost ratio. It was found that at a social discount rate of 12%, the net present value of the project (NPV: NPV) was positive. The benefit-cost ratio is 11.28 times greater and the economic internal rate of return on investment (EIRR) is 120% greater than the discounted interest rate which means that if the toll fee is collected with the M-Flow system on the Chalong Rat expressway. The project will provide a return on investment.
A Comparative Study of Fuel Consumption and Emission Estimation on Elevated and At-grade Road Using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Key objectives of the study is comparative evaluation of fuel consumption/emission and travel time between elevated and at-grade road by the same origin-destination. Directly fuel consumption measurement is inconvenient. Recently, GPS dashcam camera is widely available and price is affordable. Speed and location trajectorial data from the dashcam can be detected. Then the data were immediately exported to the Power Based-Motor Vehicle Models where is used to estimate fuel consumption/emission i.e. CO, CO2, HC, NOx. Savings such as travel time and fuel are combined as the benefits gains more than 1,000 Mil.THB per year from using an alternative elevated road. Amount of greenhouse gas was also estimation. Additionally, comparative acceleration profiles between the elevated road and at-grade road, where has stop-and-go traffic condition, are used for accident probability estimation lower than at-grade road, and were reported.
วิทวงศ์ กาญจนชมภู
เอกรินทร์ เหลืองวิลัย
ดร.ศักดิ์ดา พรรณไวย
Estimating of Origin-Destination Matrix on Expressway Using the Automatic License Plate Recognition and Electronic Toll Collection Data
Origin-Destination (OD) matrix of traffic volume is the crucial information for network traffic planning and analysis. Traditionally, gathering OD data gathering OD data involved surveying road users, which has limitations in terms of the limited number of respondents and the inability to identify individual vehicles. The accuracy of the resulting origin-destination matrix might not be sufficient. In the recent years, the automatic vehicle identification (AVI), such as optical character recognition (OCR) technology and dedicated short- range communication (DSRC), has advanced significantly. Automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) systems can accurately read license plates and match the origin and destination points of vehicles. In addition, the penetration rate for the electronic toll collection (ETC) in Thailand has continuously grown. Therefore, this study aims to implement ALPR systems and develop an algorithm for estimating the origin-destination matrix of traffic volume using data from ALPR system. This algorithm calculates the proportion of origin-destination patterns and incorporates it with traffic volume data obtained from toll systems. The performance of the origin-destination matrix is assessed using data from the screenline sensors located on the expressway. The findings indicate that the method for determining the origin-destination matrix of traffic volume based on ALPR is accurate and can be utilized in other applications. The use of ETC data to enhance the OD estimation yielded mixed results, i.e., higher accuracy in some routes and lower accuracy in the other routes.
Trip Generation Rate for Condominium in CBD Bangkok
Condominium projects are one of the most popular types of land development in Bangkok's central business district. Currently, construction are available in both densely populated and centrally located areas. which have varying degrees of severity. A traffic impact assessment is an extremely useful tool, engineers and planners will be able to determine the likelihood of project impact correctly connect to the traffic system network. Engineers are required to submit a traffic impact assessment report to a committee of reviewers as part of the project approval process. Trip generation rate will be gathered from existing projects as well as project forecasts for the future. Forecasting if no accurate and appropriate variables are created. Trip generation rate will lead to inadequate traffic management measures, will cause even more traffic problems. However, there is no standard on trip generation rate of residential projects in CBD Bangkok. According to the proposed in this study will be an analysis of the average trip generation rate of residential projects, which is around 1.23 passenger car unit per number of rooms. Ingress traffic is 0.58 passenger car unit per number of rooms and egress traffic is 0.65 passenger car unit per number of rooms. An analysis of this study the predictive trip generation rate, when there is a 1% increase in the number of parking provision, there is a 0.94 increase in trip generation rate.
สุพรชัย อุทัยนฤมล
Investigation of Contributing Factors to Road Traffic Accidents in Thailand by Using Latent Class Analysis
Traffic accident is a leading cause of death in Thailand. Understanding the patterns of accident helps determine the measures. Hence, Latent class clustering (LCC) analysis was conducted on 41,489 traffic road accident cases from the Transport Accident Management Systems (TRAMS) provided by the Ministry of Transport between 2021 and 2022 to show the patterns of traffic accidents. The analysis, which included six variables: road type, collision type, vehicle group, weather, time, and presumed cause, revealed four and five clusters of road accident patterns in the 2021 and 2022 datasets, respectively. Four comparable pairs of clusters are matched in those years. In addition, the vehicle group analysis was performed by LCC, giving similar results for six vehicle groups in both years. Vehicle group analysis showed the effect of vehicle variables on the characteristics of accident patterns as cluster to population ratio (C/P). The results suggest road safety policies should focus on the cluster of run-off-roadway accidents on straight sections caused by speeding. The LCC analysis also provides an advantage in the further application and policy evaluation, as progress can be tracked by the change in clustering behavior of the future accidents dataset.
Factors Influencing Wrong-way Crash Severity on Highways in Thailand
Wrong-way driving is a driving violation that can result in a road crash. When wrong-way crashes occurred on highways in Thailand, there was a high risk of severe injuries and death. Most of them occurred on divided highways. The purpose of this study is to explore the factors influencing wrong-way crash severity and propose a recommendation for addressing the severity of wrong-way crashes on highways in Thailand. This study analyzed the wrong-way crash data for ten years between 2013 and 2022 from the Department of Highways, Thailand, to determine the factors influencing the severity of wrong-way crashes by using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. The studied factors were categorized into four categories, including, day and time of crashes, roadway characteristics, environmental characteristics, and crash characteristics. The severity of wrong-way crashes was divided into fatalities and injuries. The results stated that factors increasing fatality of wrong-way crashes were crashes during nighttime, highways without frontage lanes, between motorcycles and heavy vehicles, and between motorcycles and passenger cars. In addition, this study provided policy-related recommendations to reduce the severity of wrong-way accidents in Thailand.
ชัยวุฒิ กาญจนะสันติสุข
Analysis of Blackspots using Accident Data from Police Station A Case Study of Pracha Uthit Road between Soi Pracha Uthit 56 and Soi Pracha Uthit 98
This research aims to analyze black spots and the factors that affect traffic accidents on roads, as well as identify weaknesses in the accident data from daily reports at the police station. A case study is Pracha Uthit Road between Soi Pracha Uthit 56 and Soi Pracha Uthit 98. Traffic accident data from 2020 to 2022 is gathered from Thung Khru metropolitan police station. The accident data is analyzed using descriptive statistics, which show 1105 cases with 13 fatalities and 999 injuries. Most of the accidents are side-impact and rear-end collisions, which accidents occurred at intersections during 6:01AM - 12:00PM and 12:01PM - 6:00PM. Motorcycles are the most commonly involved vehicle type in accidents, with a share of 49.7%. In addition, accident locations are also identified using the GIS tool to reveal recurring accidents at hazardous locations in the study area. Findings also indicate that most traffic accidents occurred within the vicinity of the intersections, which are highest at Pracha Uthit 90 intersection, and were caused by the negligence of the driver, with a share of 97.5%. The results of this study also identify problems in the accident data, which reveal that 11% of the data lack coordinates and 9.5% of the data lack vehicle trajectories during the accidents. These details are critical for in-depth accident analysis in order to assess accident factors and develop more effective solutions for road safety.
วศิน เกียรติโกมล
ตรีรัตน์ อานุรักขวาปี
Factors Affecting Road Accidents and Improvement Guidelines: A Case Study of Mueang Nakhon Pathom District
Thailand has the highest road accident rate in Southeast Asia. Therefore, it plays an important role in the study of factors affecting road accidents. Due to the nature of the road network or environment when traveling on roads, there are different characteristics and behaviors of road users in each area that contribute to factors and behaviors of road accidents that vary in many different contexts. This study therefore focuses on factors affecting road accidents and improvement. According to the record of accidents reported in 2022 from the Muang Nakhon Pathom Police Station, data was collected in the form of statistics and analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis. The result shows that the factor groups of motorcycle users traveling on highways during the night when using speed and not using safety equipment are at-risk groups prone to road accidents with a probability of fatal violence. And the riskiest area is National Highway No. 321 (Malai Man Road), which has the highest rate of road accidents. After analyzing the above factors, they should be improved in terms of motorcycle users to create awareness of driving at an appropriate speed and the use of helmets in order to reduce the rate of road accidents, the rate of loss of life, or the rate of loss of assets in the future. Also, this study can be used as a guideline for the study of different areas in Thailand.
วัชระ จันทร์อนันต์
วิศวินทร์ อัครปัญญาธร
Road safety has been discussed in international and global forums continuously and has been one of the key issues in Thailand for a long time. The 20-year National Strategic Framework (2018-2037) was announced with one challenging criterion: the number of deaths must be reduced to 12 deaths per 100,000 populations this decade (by 2017) under the latest state of road safety in Thailand. It was found that road accident statistics tend to decrease continuously. The average decreases by about 0.5-2 percent each year. In the year 2021, there were 16,957 deaths (25.9 deaths per 100,000 populations), but what we set must be less than 8,478 people, which means that it must decrease from the present more than 50% ever. The research team has studied the problems both in terms of road traffic structure and analysis in one unit of travel to take lessons point out the risk by using data from the Department of Rural Roads' in-depth investigation of more than 1,500 accidents, filter out the first 10 problems. Then presented in the form of video and online media more than that proposed modern road safety operational procedures within the context of Thailand as well as analyzing and recommending road accident prevention methods among motorcyclists.
ณัฐวิทย์ เวียงยา
Conceptual Design Guidelines for Highways Safety in Thailand to Balance Mobility and Community Way of Life
Over a decade ago. The development of highways in Thailand affects the lives of communities living on both sides of the road or impacts on travelling to and from between communities or residential villages on each side, i.e. on main highways that have been expanded to increase traffic efficiency, focusing on providing fast-moving vehicles. As a result, access to the area is more difficult. Due to the construction of the middle island to ensure the safety of drivers and the traffic stream that flows continuously at high speed is an obstacle to the residents on both sides of the road is not convenient. Therefore, the design or development a highway that balances mobility and accessibility, So it's a challenge nowadays. Highway design that fits in with the community need to reach the need understand the way of the community and continuous service for drivers of vehicles to use speed freely (Free Flow Speed on Ideal Condition). By maintaining safety standards, It is a highway that is easy to use in all seasons. According to the concept and design method (Conceptual Design), The 5 elements i.e. Mobility, Accessibility, Serviceable under flood situation, Safe highways and Simple driving and riding should be applied on design, known as MASSS Highways.
ปฏิเวชวุฒิศักย์ สุขขี
Setting Speed Limits of Urban Road Networks in Thailand
Speeding is one of the most important contributing factors to road traffic accidents, injuries and fatalities in Thailand. However, there is on appropriate method applied to set up the proper. In Thailand, The general speed limits in urban areas has been 80 kph, which may be extremely dangerous for general road users, particularly for Vulnerable Road Users (VRU). Consequently, this paper will present the comparative analysis and the assessment of the posted speed limits achieved from four different (Setting speed limit, SSL) methods, including the City Limits (CLimits), the 85th Percentile Limits (PLimits), the VLimits and the Bellalite’s limits (BLimits) methods. Eight case studies the urban road network in the Khon Kaen city Thailand is considered. It was found that such posted speed limits obtained from these four methods were generally different. Such speed limits achieved from the CLimits method are the lowest, followed by the BLimits, PLimits and VLimits methods, respectively.
Evaluation of Speeding Behavior on Elevated Road under COVID-19 Lockdown
Don Muang Tollway is 6 lanes elevated road. There are 3 lanes in each carriage way. The length is 21 km approximately. It is considered as expressway. Tollway is high geometry design freeway. There is no traffic light. It is access controlled and vehicle type controlled freeway. Traffic informative devices and traffic safety devices is provided. Maintenance has been carried out continually to maintain road service level in order to provide smooth and safe driving. Therefore, operating speed is higher than usual till speed limit should be reconsidered. So, speeding behavior on Tollway has been studied. Time of day, day of the week is basic parameter. In addition to this, there was country lockdown due to COVID-19 situation. Effect of lockdown is contemplated in this study. Speed limit is normally set by 85th Percentile speeding of each class. Speed of each vehicle were measured all day long by 14 microwave radars which installed along the route. The measurement has been recorded over 5 phrases of COVID19 situation. They are normal, starting, spreading, lockdown and easing phrase. The records have been calculated for operating speed which is 85th Percentile speeding. Vehicles have been classified into 2 types, passenger cars and trucks. The results show that operating speed of passenger car is 119 km/hr and 97 km/hr for truck. The speed is not much difference between daytime and nighttime, weekday and weekend nor COVID situation. So, speed limit can be set constantly without time dependent.
เกริกฤทธิ์ ศรีรุ่งวิกรัย
Comparison Study of Speed Variation on 120 km/hr Legal Speed Limit on Highway 32 and Motorway 7
Speed is the major cause of accidents and fatalities. From the statistics of Department of Transportation, it was estimated that speeding is the cause of accidents by 70-80 percentages and 60 percentages were passenger cars and pickups. The new ministerial regulation allows approved highway to increase speed limit to 120 km/hr. for passenger car with minimum speed limit of 100 km/hr. on the outside lane. The study collected speed variation of Highway 32 which was an approved highway by regulation and compare with Motorway 7 which was already approved for 120 km/hr. by previous regulation. The study found both highways to have high over-speeding with 85 percentile speed of Highway 32 at 127.23 km/hr. and Motorway 7 at 130.47 km/hr. This indicated higher risk of accidents and fatalities.
Evaluation of Effectiveness on Speed Indicator Device
The speed sign is a sign that measures the speed of the vehicle and displays the speed at that time so that the driver knows. Next, talk to drivers about their speed and the speed limit in that area, which is a passive measure to alert drivers to speeding. This type of sign is widely installed in Thailand. However, there has not been any research into the effectiveness of the label. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness and impact of speed sign. Driving speed from the car, the study area is a road network inside the Khon Kaen University. There is a road system signage project, all 18 points with a speed limit of 50 km/h. The entire road network extends throughout the area. Analyze the results by comparing them before and after installing. Subsequently, 7 of the 18 sites were selected for velocity data measurement. The appraisal is divided into vehicle types and compares day and evening. Statistical test results showed a significant decrease in personal vehicle speed of 11.04% during daytime and 11.41% at night. While the average speed of the motorcycle, Speed dropped significantly to 8.5% during the day and declined by 12.2% during the night.
วรากรณ์ วรลักษณ์
เฉลิมเกียรติ ศรีละกูล
Performance Evaluation of Your Speed Signs at a Horizontal Curve: A Case Study of Highway No.107 (Mae Thalai - Hua Tho)
Speeding is a major cause of road traffic accidents in the nation. Severe accidents often occur at the horizontal curve with a small radius. Regulatory agencies recognized the importance of this problem and proposed various safety measures to change driving behavior. To inform driving speeds to drivers is one of the strategies used to reduce the speed of driving. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of your speed signs on driving speed and accident rate on the Highway No.107 Mae Thalai – Hua Tho (Chiang Mai – Chiang Dao), the horizontal curves at station 66+525. This study will analyze and compare driving speeds before and after your speed signs are installed on the curve. The statistical results showed that can significantly reduce the speed of vehicles. It was found that the average vehicle speed shows a decreasing trend of 12% and the proportion of vehicles exceeding the speed limit of 50 km/h shows a decreasing trend of 20%. This indicates that the installation of speed signs helps to increase the efficiency of managing vehicle speed and reduce the likelihood of road accidents in horizontal curve areas. And in the future, additional measures should be implemented to maintain effectiveness, such as strict law enforcement.
Assessment of drivers' Perceptions of the 120 km/h speed limit
Road accidents from 2020 to 2021, according to a report from the Ministry of Transport, found that 78% of the accidents were caused by driver negligence, caused by driving at a speed exceeding the specified rate. Determine the speed rate of vehicles on national highways or rural roads 2021 on March 10, 2021, requiring "personal cars" to use a speed not exceeding 120 km/h and if in the far right box Use a speed of not less than 100 kilometers per hour. In this research, the research team conducted a study to assess the perception of drivers towards the speed limit of 120 km/h between Highway No. 32 and Motorway No. 7, which is a route that requires vehicles to not exceed the speed limit. 120 km/hr. The results of the assessment of the perception of the driver's perception of the 120 km/hr speed law of the drivers on the roads on 2 routes, Motorway No. 7 and Highway No. 32, found that the perception of a safe speed For vehicles on Highway No. 7 and Highway No. 32 that are lower than the legal speed limit of 120 km/h and found that the factors affecting the safe speed limit on Highway No. 7 and highway Number 32 is the number of people using fragile roads (bicycles, motorcycles, pedestrians), intersections and U-turns. However, both roads have road conditions that are factors that affect accidents, especially activities on both sides of the road. different, so when increasing the speed more Therefore, there should be safety management for connecting roads and speed limits in community areas to reduce the likelihood of road accidents. In addition, the public sector should assess safety perceptions together with safe road conditions/characteristics to determine Safe speeds for areas, especially in areas with heavy roadside activity and communities.
เพ็ญนภา พรสุพิกุล
ดารารัตน์ ช้างด้วง
ทวีศักดิ์ แตะกระโทก
Effect of Vertical Deflections in Vehicle Speed: A Case study from Khon Kaen University
Vertical deflections are widely used traffic calming techniques. Due to a change in height, drivers must reduce their speed when crossing the device to maintain an acceptable level of comfort. As the measure is based on the experiences of developed nations, its effectiveness in mixed traffic environments is still questionable. Therefore, this study aims to 1) determine the effects of vertical deflections on vehicle speed on collector roads in Khon Kaen University and 2) identify the factors that contribute to speed reductions. This study observed driver behavior on a section of collector road that had vertical deflection installed, including 3 sections with speed humps and 6 sections with speed tables. The vertical deflections vary in width from 4 to 14 meters, in height from 5 to 14 centimeters, and in slope from 1:43 to 1:20. The drone was used to video free-flowing traffic characteristics. During post-recording analysis, speed profiles of 1,068 passenger cars and 840 motorcycles were plotted every 10 meters for 50 meters prior to and after the location of the device. In addition, the technique of Linear regression analysis was utilized to determine the contributing factors in speed reductions. The results revealed that the mean and 85th percentile crossing speeds were 25-37 km/h and 29-44 km/h, respectively. The speed reduction ranged from 18 to 46 percent for passenger cars and 12 to 34 percent for motorcycles. According to the speed profile data, vertical deflection can control the vehicle's speed 20 to 30 meters before and after the device. In addition, contributing factors to speed reduction involve device geometry, approaching speed, and vehicle types.
ธนวิชญ์ เลิศพรประสพโชค
Gap-Acceptance Behavior of Motorcyclists at Roundabout Approaches in Khon Kaen University
Modern roundabouts are effective intersection control measures, especially for homogeneous lane-based traffic. However, Thailand’s roundabout operates with heterogeneous traffic environments. Sharing the road with larger vehicles, smaller motorcycles are not forced by roundabout geometry and exhibit non-lane-based movements, which increases the conflict risk at roundabouts. Consequently, it is essential to comprehend the gap-acceptance behavior of these non-lane-based vehicles. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to identify the critical gap and factors affecting gap-acceptance behavior of motorcyclists. This study examined rider behavior at fourteen roundabout approaches at four roundabouts at Khon Kaen University. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were used to video the movement of traffic. 813 data on gap acceptance were extracted. Raff's method was used to calculate the critical gap. A binary-logistic regression analysis was used to determine the variables influencing the motorcyclist's gap acceptance. According to the study's findings, the critical gap value was 2.63 seconds. Factors influencing the increase in gap-acceptance include larger gap sizes, the driver who chooses to enter the roundabout on the far side of the splitter islands and chooses to keep left in the circulating roadways, bigger island, and wider radius of deflections. While the factors influencing the decrease in gap acceptance are the presence of the pillion passengers and in the case of the rear car in the gap being a car. This research could contribute to the design and development of safer roundabouts that operate in non-lane-based traffic environments.
Factors Affecting Crash Likelihood of Motorcycle Entering a Roundabout
Roundabouts are one of the most effective and widely used intersection controls in developed nations. Concerns have been raised, however, about the safety of motorcyclists using roundabouts in Thailand, especially when entering and exiting the roundabout. This research, therefore, aimed to examine the factors that affect the crash likelihood of motorcycles entering roundabouts. This study observed 4 roundabouts located at Khon Kaen University. Their inscribed diameters ranged from 35 meters to 50 meters. UAVs were used to video traffic characteristics. During post-recording analysis, 785 interaction events were observed. The characteristics of the motorcycle and the other vehicle, as well as the post-encroachment time (PET), were extracted for each interaction. Using the technique of multiple linear regression, the PET, which is used to describe the crash likelihood, was modeled to identify their contributing factors. The results showed that the characteristics of motorcyclists, the characteristics of interaction events, and the geometry of roundabouts have a significant impact on crash risks. Failure to yield to vehicles inside the roundabout, the yielding behavior within a circulatory roadway, an increase in speed of entering motorcycles, and the involvement of motorcycles in the conflict, were factors that increased crash likelihood. In addition, this study discovered that the likelihood of a collision increases as the radius of deflection increases. Ultimately, the results of this research highlight the variables influencing the risk of collision for motorcyclists entering roundabouts, which should be prioritized in terms of safety.
Roundabout Attributes Toward Safety Preferences of Motorcycle Riders
Thailand currently has roundabouts as a popular choice for controlling traffic at intersections to address road accident problems, but the current design of roundabouts in Thailand does not consider motorcycle riders as much as it should leading to issues with motorcycle collisions with other vehicles around roundabout and leading to serious accident. The purpose of this study is to determine preferred attributes of roundabout of motorcycle riders on safety perspective. The authors studies five attributes of roundabouts towards safety perspective, including central island size, number of circulating lanes, bicycle facility type, motor vehicle volumes, and approach speed limit. authors collected data by the questionnaire according to the stated preference survey. Authors simulated many roundabouts with various attributes and established a set of two different roundabouts for motorcycle riders to choose a roundabout which they preferred towards safety. collected data from a group of 640 motorcycle riders in Khon Kaen University (n=640). Authors analyzed the data using the binary logit model. The results revealed that motorcycle riders preferred roundabouts towards safety which their attributes were small central islands, low number of travel lane, low speed limits, low traffic volume, and separated lane for motorcycles. The data analysis results can be used to identify preferred attributes of roundabout of motorcycle and suggest guidelines for the design of roundabouts that are suitable and safe for motorcycles.
Difference Between Male and FemDifference Between Male and Female Motorcyclist-Injury Severity: Accommodating Unobserved Heterogeneity in the Dataale Motorcyclist-Injury Severities: Accommodating Unobserved Heterogeneity in the Data
In Thailand, the frequency of crashes and mortality rates are significantly higher for male motorcyclists than for their female counterparts. This study aims to investigate the effect of various associated risk factors on motorcyclist-injury outcome separated by gender. Using motorcycle-crash data in Thailand from 2016 to 2019, random parameter binary probit with heterogeneity in mean and variances was employed to explore the effects of a wide range of risk characteristics on severity of different motorcyclist gender. In the male model, significant factors are improper overtaking, riding under influence, inner-lane crashes, four-lane crashes, crashes on road with no median, flush median, depressed median, and barrier median, crashes within public area, crashes on wet road, nighttime crashes on lit or unlit road, non-rush hour crashes, evening crashes, weekend crashes, and single-motorcycle crashes. In the female model, significant factors are fatigued rider, three-leg intersection, and midnight/early morning crashes). However, some factors generated contradicting effect between male and female such as hitting a sudden crossing object, U-turn crashes, and hitting passenger car. The split in model estimation between gender is particularly important that could potentially assist policymaker, safety professionals, practitioners, trainer, government agency or highway designer in future planning and serves as guidance for mitigation policies directed at safety improvement for motorcyclist.
วัฒนวงศ์ รัตนวราห
Mobile Phone Use Behavior While Riding Motorcycle at Signalized Intersections : Correlation Between Intersections in Urban and Suburban Area
Mobile phone use while riding a motorcycle behavior is one of the reckless riding behaviors. This research aims to study factors associated with mobile phone use while riding a motorcycle behavior between intersections in urban and suburban area by applying logistic regression analysis. Total 7,094 motorcyclists who rode through study area. Overall mobile phone use while riding a motorcycle total 873 samples (12.3%) including mobile phone use by hand-held 710 samples (10.0%) and mobile phone use by hands free (Using with mobile phone holder) 163 samples (2.3%). The results indicate that intersections factor (Urban or Suburban area) was statistically significant correlation with mobile phone use while riding. In addition, other factors including carrying passenger, gender, age, red-light stopping, period, day of week and delivery occupation was statistically significant correlation with mobile phone use while riding too.
เอกรินทร์ สุรินอุด
Motorcycle Riding Behavior and Accident Risk of Delivery Riders in Bangkok
According to the World Health Organization, road traffic injuries are the 8th leading cause of death in the world and Thailand's road accidents rank highest in ASEAN. The proportion of road accident fatalities in Thailand is the highest number of deaths caused by motorcycles. This research is a study of motorcycle driving behavior, Perceived attitudes towards risky behaviors and factors affecting the speeding behavior of food delivery riders in Bangkok.Factors of interest include demographic characteristics, stress and fatigue while working, attitudes towards speeding and mobile phone use while driving, motorcycle speeding behavior, risk perception, travel time and frequency, and self-reporting of accidents. The data was collected by using a questionnaire of 450 sets and analysis of factors influencing behavior of speeding drivers of food delivery riders in Bangkok. The statistical tests were T-test One-way ANOVA and Correlation Coefficient. The study found that age, education level, number of children, stress and fatigue while working, risk perception and attitudes towards speeding and mobile phone use while driving. Statistically significant effect on the behavior of motorcyclists driving faster than the speed limit.
ปฐมพร พงษ์อารีย์
Factors Influencing Unsafe Riding Behavior: A Case Study of University Students in Nakhon Ratchasima Province
According to the WHO report, Thailand has a highest fatality rate from motorcycle accidents in Southeast Asia. In Thailand, it was found that most university students ride motorcycles to and from school on a regular basis. This study concerns awareness of the severity and factors that may affect unsafe motorcycle driving behavior among university students. The 400 samples were collected from the three largest groups of university students in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. The results found that there are differences in unsafe riding behaviors between males and females. Students with and without a motorcycle rider license exhibit a variety of unsafe riding behaviors. According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, the factors influencing unsafe riding behavior include attitudes toward the behavior, the subject norm, and the perceived statistical significance of behavioral control. The study results can be used to develop policies to reduce unsafe driving behavior, campaigns, and advertising media on safe motorcycle driving behavior for university students and those who are interested.
สัจจากาจ จอมโนนเขวา
นายธนกร โพธิ์แจ่ม
Investigating the Pedestrian Crossing Recognition and Detection on Chiang Mai Municipal Roads
At present, various engineering measures have been installed at pedestrian crossings on urban roads to better guide and warn drivers of the locations of pedestrian crossings. For example, crossing pavement markings. pedestrian crossing signs, pedestrian warning signs, advance stop lines, optical speed bars, flashing warning lights, and traffic signals have been used more widely in Thailand. However, the effectiveness of such measures on drivers' recognition and detection of pedestrian crossings has not been extensively investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the drivers’ recognition and detection of pedestrian crossings from different measures on urban roads in the Chiang Mai municipality area. The study investigated the drivers’ detection distance of pedestrian crossings using video analysis while approaching pedestrian crossings during both daytime and nighttime. Detection distance is among the indicators that reflect the ability of measures to warn and guide the drivers to the pedestrian crossings. The results of this study found that detection distances were influenced by the time of day and the type of measure. During the night, the average detection distance was lower than during the day. The measure with the longest detection distance was the traffic signal, which had a distance of 87.9 meters. The measure with the shortest detection distance was the pedestrian crossing sign, which had a distance of 52.7 meters.
Effects of Pedestrian Countdown Signals on Pedestrian Behavior
Pedestrian countdown signals have been used at mid-block and intersection crosswalks, in Bangkok, for more than a decade. The countdown starts at the beginning of the pedestrian signal phase and goes down to zero at the end of the phase. The countdown is simply used to tell pedestrians when the pedestrian signal phase is going to end. Pedestrians must decide whether he/she be able to cross the intersection based on the remaining time. Consequently, pedestrians always find themselves at the middle of an intersection at the end of the pedestrian signal phase. This can lead to serious accidents on the crosswalk. The Department of Highways recognizes the problem of using an existing pedestrian countdown numbers signal. So, a “Don’t Walk” phase with a countdown signal was introduced and installed at two intersections, Rinkum intersection and Tedsaban Hua-Hin Intersection. This phase is given immediately after the pedestrian green phase. This research will study the behavior of pedestrians on the intersection crosswalk which were installed the new pedestrian countdown signal. It includes the success of crossing an intersection, pedestrians’ perception, pedestrian walking speed and so on.
วิฑูรย์ สิทธิบุตร์
Crossing Behavior of Elderly Pedestrian at Signalized Crossing with Countdown Display in Bangkok: A Case Study of Six-Lane Road with Median
ปัจจุบันประเทศไทยมีสัดส่วนของผู้สูงอายุประมาณร้อยละ 18.94 และมีแนวโน้มเพิ่มขึ้นทุกปี ใกล้เคียงกับนิยามสังคมสูงอายุอย่างสมบูรณ์ ซึ่งโครงสร้างพื้นฐานต่าง ๆ ควรมีความพร้อมสำหรับรองรับการใช้งานในชีวิตประจำวันของผู้สูงอายุ โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่ง ในเรื่องความปลอดภัยในการเดินทาง รวมถึงการข้ามถนน ซึ่งสัญญาณไฟสำหรับคนข้ามถนนแบบมีชุดนับเวลาถอยหลัง ก็เป็นหนึ่งในมาตรการที่ส่งเสริมความปลอดภัยแก่คนเดินเท้า โดยจะแสดงเวลานับถอยหลังให้คนเดินข้าม พร้อมทั้งกำกับให้ยานพาหนะหยุดรอ งานวิจัยนี้จึงทำการศึกษาพฤติกรรมการข้ามถนนของผู้สูงอายุบนถนน 6 ช่องจราจร ที่มีเกาะกลางถนนในกรุงเทพมหานคร โดยศึกษาปัจจัยที่ส่งผลต่อความเร็วในการข้ามของผู้สูงอายุ พร้อมทั้งเปรียบเทียบกับความเร็วที่ใช้ในการออกแบบสัญญาณไฟในพื้นที่จริง และความเร็วมาตรฐานต่างประเทศ โดยใช้การทดสอบสมมติฐานของกลุ่มตัวอย่างสองกลุ่มที่เป็นอิสระจากกัน และการวิเคราะห์ความแปรปรวนแบบทางเดียว จากนั้นใช้การวิเคราะห์การถดถอยเชิงเส้นอย่างง่าย เพื่อหาความเร็วที่เหมาะสมสำหรับใช้ออกแบบสัญญาณไฟตามสัดส่วนคนข้ามที่เป็นผู้สูงอายุ ผลลัพธ์ที่ได้จะเป็นอีกแนวทางสำหรับใช้ออกแบบระยะสัญญาณไฟสำหรับทางข้ามแห่งอื่น ๆ ที่จะให้ความสำคัญต่อผู้สูงอายุมากขึ้น
Road Safety Assessment in Seaside Tourism Area Using iRAP Star Rating Technique
The traffic accidents of tourists, have seriously affected the image of tourism industry in Thailand. However, Thailand is a group of countries with a high risk of road accidents. Physical characteristics of roads and speed behavior that do not conform to the characteristics of space usage and is an important factor in accidents. Therefore, it has to raise the level of safety in line with international standards. This research used to assess the road safety process with the iRAP method to evaluate the star rating based on the physical characteristics of the road, which affects the actual speed used. iRAP was divided into four groups: cars, motorcycles, pedestrians, and bicycles. The researchers evaluated the target tourist areas of two provinces including Chonburi and Phuket due to road in the area with the highest volume of tourism in the country. The study found that the security level of iRAP (Star rating) in the majority is between one and three stars. Researchers have proposed for improving guidelines for responsible institutions of road safety with international standards.
ฐิติชญา สระทองแมว
Combined Technique of RSA and iRAP to Improve Road Safety in Tourism Area
The ranking indicates that according to the WEF's 2021 report, Thailand was considered to be less safe and secure for tourists compared to other countries. It was ranked 92nd out of 117 countries. road safety is one of the factors that contributes to a country's overall safety and security ranking for tourists. The Road Safety Audit (RSA) process combined with Road Safety Assessment (iRAP) is a comprehensive approach to managing road safety. RSA assesses the safety of road design and infrastructure, while iRAP focuses on evaluating the risk posed by roads to road users, including drivers, passengers, pedestrians, and cyclists. The combination of RSA and iRAP techniques was applied in the tourist areas of Chonburi (Pattaya) and Phuket and was found to be effective in detecting consistent and different risks related to road safety. The study showed that this approach can be adapted to other tourist areas, providing a valuable tool for improving road safety and reducing the risk of road accidents in these areas.
Investigation of Flashing Warning Light Effect on Driving Behavior at Intersection in Chiang Mai Municipality Area
In Thailand, fatality accidents are the most common on local roads, particularly at high-risk intersections in urban areas. The failure of drivers' perception is one of the primary causes of intersection collisions. For example, ignorance of incoming traffic from other directions, lack of understanding in right of way, and unawareness of an existing intersection. Chiang Mai province is one of the risk areas with a high rate of accidents at the intersection. Therefore, the countermeasures are installed in the Chiang Mai municipality area, such as traffic signs, pavement markings on road surfaces, and flashing warning lights. The purpose of flashing warning lights is to warn drivers of approaching intersections and to reduce speed. The purpose of the study was to investigate and evaluate the efficiency of flashing warning lights at intersections. The driver’s behavior data from before and after periods during daytime and nighttime of safety countermeasures is analyzed and compared. Countermeasure assessment was performed using four types of indicators, including speed profile, time to collision (TTC), perception of drivers, benefit-cost ratio, and stop rate. These indicators could determine the performance of the flashing warning lights. The results of this study could be a guideline for additional research on flashing warning lights at intersections.
ศิขรินทร์ เกิดศิริ
Study of Sight Distance at Median Opening for U-turn
Accident statistics show that the median opening for U-turn is one of the locations with high risk of accidents on the highway. Since there are cross conflicts in this area, an accident would be serious. Allowing U-turn on both directions at this opening, there is a high probability that waiting U-turn vehicles on the other side will obstruct visibility or reduce sight distances at this location. The purpose of this study is to inspect the sight distance at these median openings, and whether it is a sufficient distance compared to the stopping sight distance (SSD). Four types of median opening for U-turns were studied: raised/depressed medians and with/without loons, additional areas for heavy vehicles that require a larger radius for turning. The study found that the sight distance at the median opening is insufficient for a through vehicle to stop, especially when a heavy vehicle is turning or waiting. If there is a high demand for making s, it is recommended that only one side U-turn would be appropriated.
จันทรกานต์ ลือชา
A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Parental Expectations of Public Transport Safety for School Trip
For parents of school-aged children who utilize public transportation for travel, safety is a crucial concern. This study aimed to examine the factors that influence parental expectations regarding their children's safety on public transport. A total of 650 questionnaire samples were collected from parents in the province of Nakhon Ratchasima. Three factors, including driver safety behavior, transportation safety, and security policy, were considered in the proposed models. The results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) indicated that all three factors were consistent with the empirical data ประจักษ์ (χ2 = 139.445, df = 41, χ2/df = 3.401, CFI = 0.983, TLI = 0.977, SRMR = 0.025, RMSEA = 0.061) and can be used as a guide for future policy designs to improve the safety of public transport for children.
ศุภนิดา นันทะวงศ์
ธนัญญา จันทร์หัวโทน
อักษรสวรรค์ บัวจูม
Application of Micro Simulation Model for Traffic Management Planning: A Case Study of Overhead Gantry installation on Expressway
The most important factor of the traffic accidents is due to driver errors but also, vehicle defects, road and environmental conditions. Especially, the construction activities will make a great change of road and environmental conditions. Therefore, a good traffic management can reduce the environmental factor which causes the traffic accidents. Regarding this issue, Expressway Authority of Thailand (EXAT), a government agency under Ministry of Transport, considerably concerns this issue as the first priority of driver’s road safety. In other word, road construction on expressways must be well-managed by traffic management according to the Expressway standard for traffic control, particularly the installation of overhead gantry on expressway as an example of the construction activities that affects entire lane closure on expressways which brings a negative impact to expressway users. To be well-managed an effective traffic management, EXAT has implemented a micro-traffic simulation model, called AIMSUN in order to evaluate the alternatives and impacts of lane closure. Also, those evaluations are to manage least traffic impact on expressway users. The model has been determined two alternatives as follows; 1) Temporary Lane Closure for 10 mins. and 2) Temporary Lane Closure for 5 mins. By using indicators namely; queue length, delay time and traffic volume. The evaluation of the two alternatives was applied. Comparing between those two approaches, the result shows that alternative 2 has a better outcome. When compare with actual traffic management, the result shows that queue length was close to micro-traffic simulation model. It cause a safe traffic management on installation of overhead gantry and minimess the negative impact on expressway users.
นาย ปิยภัค มหาโพธิ์
จิรวัตน์ เพลิงศรีทอง
นันทวรรณ พิทักษ์พานิช
Assessment of Traffic Conditions at Din Daeng Toll Plaza from Multi-Lane Free Flow (M-Flow) Toll System Implementation by using a Traffic Micro-Simulation Model
At present, the Expressway Authority of Thailand (EXAT) is studying and installing Multi-Lane Free Flow (M-Flow) toll collection system over the expressway network in order to reduce the problem of congestion in front of the toll plazas. The opening of the M-Flow will effected to in the physical characteristics and traffic conditions in front of the toll plazas. This paper presents an assessment of the traffic condition of the Din Daeng toll plaza when using M-Flow system and compare the traffic impact before and after improving the physical characteristics of the toll plaza to support the service of the M-Flow toll collection system in the 1st year, 5th year, and 10th year, both during peak and off-peak hours through the Aimsun program. The study found that the opening of the M-Flow toll collection system service at Din Daeng toll plaza in the 1st year, 5th year, and 10th year, both during peak and off-peak hours, can reduce delay time, queue length, and travel time when the proportion of users of the M-Flow toll collection system increases. In addition, the proportion of M-Flow’s users directly affects to the number of traffic lane managements at the exits of the toll plazas.
ธนุตม์ กล่อมระนก
Study and analysis of traffic impacts from the activation of the Automatic Multi-lane Free Flow (M-Flow) Toll Collection System : A Case Study of the Bangna KM.6 Toll Plaza (Inbound)
The problem of congestion in front of the toll gate is one of the main traffic problems on the Expressway. The Expressway Authority of Thailand therefore has studied and developed a new type of toll collection system, which is an automatic Multi-lane Free Flow (M-Flow) toll collection system, so that vehicles can pass through the toll gates faster without interruption. The development of M-Flow will cause changes in the physical toll plaza that will affect the traffic conditions on the expressways as well. This paper presents an analysis of traffic impacts on the Bangna Km. 6 toll plaza (inbound) when the M-Flow system is activated using a traffic model development technique through the Aimsun program to assess the traffic conditions that occur both before and after change in the toll collection system, both during peak hours and off-peak hours by dividing the situation that is consistent with the traffic volume forecast in the 1st year, 5th year and 10th year respectively. The study found that the development of M-Flow reduced the average delay, queuing, and total travel time, while the average speed tended to increase. However, the change in the aforementioned traffic condition variable depends on the ratio of users of the M-Flow. If the ratio of M-Flow users is increased, the traffic conditions on the Expressway will be more efficient.
Assessment of Traffic Problem Solving by Means of Switching Traffic Directions Phaya Thai interchange, Si Rat Expressway Case Study
The Expressway Authority of Thailand (EXAT) was keep collects traffic information on the expressways in order to managing and solving overall traffic problems on expressway. A case that we are focusing on is Phaya Thai interchange (Direction to Pracha chuen, outbound) Si Rat Expressway during evening peak hours (5.00 – 7.00 PM), there are a large number of vehicle traveling from downtown to uptown so that it a cause of the accumulated queue length about 5 kilometers back to Asoke Toll Plaza and accidents occur from car scrape into the lane. The problem of accidents are consistent with the physical characteristics which are merging of 2 directions, namely Asoke direction with Bang Khlo directions heading to ngarmwongwan. Due to the aforementioned problems, the EXAT has implemented traffic management by switching traffic directions to solve the accumulated queue length problem By Using traffic staff to managing traffic between Asoke direction with Bang Khlo directions in every 5 minutes. As a result of the implementation of measures, it was found that at evening peak hour (16.00 – 19.00 pm) flow rate from Asoke direction was increase about 8.56% and the average number of queue length also decreased about 38% and from Bang Khlo direction flow rate was increase about 7.77% and number of queue length was decrease about 21.1%. Therefore, from this research has improved queue length and better traffic flow rate.
เกื้อกูล เอี่ยมชูแสง
Analysis of Signal Control Efficiency at Rin Kham Intersection Using Artificial Neural Network Approach
Traffic congestion is a major problem in many cities. The management of traffic signal control system at the intersection is crucial in solving traffic problems. This study provides an application of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to simulate the police-generated traffic signal control during peak hour at Rin Kham Intersection in Chiang Mai. Specifically, the signal control efficiency is analyzed and compared with other types of traffic signal control using the PTV VISSIM. The results indicate that the police-generated signal control outperforms the fixed timing and fully actuated traffic signal control in some periods. However, there is still room for improvement in efficiency.
ประมัย ชัยวัณณคุปต์
A Study of Sam Yan Intersection Traffic Signal Management Optimization
Traffic lights are essential tools for controlling the flow of traffic at intersections, ensuring smooth and safe movement of vehicles and pedestrians. Nowadays, the traffic volume in cities has significantly increased, resulting in traffic congestion. This congestion causes unnecessary energy waste, air pollution that harms public health, and various social and economic problems. It is crucial to find solutions to traffic congestion for the betterment of the environment and the well-being of city residents. Developing more effective signal timing will result in positive changes in traffic flows and is key to addressing traffic congestion problems. This research project aims to study traffic characteristics and the relationship between traffic signals and traffic flows. Data was collected through field traffic observations over a period of several months and analyzed using Anylogic modeling software, which simulates various traffic scenarios. The study found that altering the green light duration affects overall traffic flow and delay. For instance, optimizing the green light duration based on real-time traffic conditions significantly improved traffic flow and reduced delays at intersections. However, the optimal duration may vary depending on factors such as time of day, traffic volume, and intersection design. The results of this study can be useful for temporary or permanent improvement of traffic signals at intersections and can also serve as valuable information for traffic officers in the area. Future research could explore the impact of other traffic management strategies, such as adaptive signal control technologies and traffic demand management techniques, to further alleviate traffic congestion in cities.
สมิทธิภัทร คำประพันธ์
Comparison of Numbers and Locations of Signal Faces at Signalised Intersection : Australia and Thailand Intersections Case study
One of the most important factors for effective and safe traffic control at signalised intersections is the proper installation of traffic signal faces. In addition, road users are encouraged to obey traffic regulations at signalised intersections. Improper or inadequate installation and noncompliance with signalization guidelines at various types of intersections would confuse road users, reduce their confidence, and cause them to disobey traffic rules. The objective of this study, therefore, is to compare signal face installation guidelines in Australia and Thailand, considering both numbers and locations of signal faces, and several sampling intersection sites were examined in both countries and compared with the installation guidelines. The results of this study found that most signalised intersections in Australia installed more signal faces than the minimum requirement, while in Thailand only 53% of signalised intersections installed the number of signal faces according to the minimum requirement. The location of traffic signal faces, both primary and secondary, at large intersections in Thailand, is a major deficiency that needs improvement. The standard or guideline for installing traffic signal faces at signalised intersections in Thailand needs to be improved or made more precise. In addition, it is always necessary to check whether the installation at the intersection is in accordance with the guidelines.
ฐิติมา โพธิพันธ์
Application of Hybrid Multiple Attributes Decision Making (HMADM) Method in Site Selection of Suitable Dry Port Construction: Khon Kaen Case study
Dry port is an important freight transportation infrastructure system that supports the successful development of Thailand's the double-track railway. Systems of Thailand. Dry port can increase the efficiency of the containers transportation, reduces goods damages and losses, reduces transportation and logistics costs, reduces road accidents, reduces various environmental impacts and reduces greenhouse gases emissions. The selection of a suitable dry port construction location is complicated process, an ill-structured decision-making procedures and must consider multiple factors. This decision-making process is therefore relevant to the Multiple Attributes Decision Making (MADM) method. This research applied the Hybrid Multiple Attributes Decision Making methods (HMADM) to screen the alternative locations to be developed as dry port in the Khon Kaen, province based on the philosophy of sustainable development. In the HMADM application, AHP was adapted to estimate the relative weights of the determined criteria, FSM was used to convert linguistic (fuzzy) scores into numerical (crisp) scores, and TOPSIS was applied to calculate the composite scores of all alternative sites. The main criteria considered were engineering suitability, economic development, social responsibility and environmental protection. Twelve selected experts were directly interviewed, based on the research findings, Non Pha Yom station area in Nam Phong District of Khon Kaen Province is the most suitable location for dry port construction.
พนกฤษณ คลังบุญครอง
A Comparability Study of the Overall Cost between Transportation Outsourcing and Private-Owned Transportation: A Case Study of Suranaree University of Technology Drinking Water Treatment Plant
This article presents research on the comparability study of the overall costs between the private-owned transportation and transportation outsourcing. A case study of drinking water factory, Suranaree University of Technology in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, The finding will be used as a decision-making tool to improve transportation efficiency and increase competitiveness. The processes of this research started with using 6 forecasting method to estimated how many packs of drinking water will be sold, then select the most accurate one to get future sales data that can be used to compare the value of investing in private-owned transportation or through outsourcing. The overall cost is then compared using the Break-Even Point Analysis method to choose a car, and the chosen car is brought to compare with outsourcing. The outcome of the four-year sales forecast reveals that the sales volume is between 107,903 and 114,748 packs by using Simple Moving Average method. When comparing the cost of each car brand. At sales between 107,903 and 114,748 packs, private-owned transportation resulted in a lower cost than outsourcing around 2.35 hundred thousand bath.
รัตนาภรณ์ เกษมศรี
Using Deep Learning Artificial Intelligence to Solve the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem
The vehicle routing problem is a complex optimization challenge that belong to the class of NP-Hard problems. This implies that it is challenging to find an optimal solution within Polynomial time or that the solution process may take a significant amount of time. The main objective of this problem is to minimize the total distance traveled by vehicles. In this research, to propose the use of deep learning artificial intelligence, specifically neural networks, to determine the most appropriate heuristic algorithm for resolving the vehicle routing problem which include with six algorithm, including 2-Optimize, 2-Approximate, Nearest_2Opt, Improve nearest, Rep improve nearest and OR tools. The clustering of vehicle routing is then performed using the Sweep algorithm. The sequence of the vehicle’s path is determined such that larger vehicle prioritize routes first, followed by smaller vehicles, as the use larger vehicles results in lower mileage than smaller vehicles. The result of our study demonstrate that when comparing the optimal distance from the standard dataset to the solved distance by artificial intelligence, the mean distance from artificial intelligence is greater than the optimal distance by no more than 17% at the 95% confidence level.
Determining the Service Quality of Parcel Delivery based on User Expectations
Transportation and logistics industries have been increasingly and highly competitive. In order to gain profits and market shares, parcel delivery service companies need to enhance their strategic capability. The structure of parcel delivery service quality factors, given from customers, is of importance to policy makers for service improvement. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to study the appropriate factors of the parcel delivery service quality model. The survey was conducted among 418 parcel delivery service users in the Nakhon Ratchasima area. The exploratory factor analysis was adopted in this paper. The results showed that the service quality indicator can be categorized into 7 factors: place, process, participants, product, promotion, physical evidence, and price. The results of this study are useful for parcel delivery operators and policymakers to better understand several important perspectives related to parcel delivery service quality. In addition, this research can be used as a guideline for the improvement of parcel delivery service towards highly efficient service, sustainable business, and high long-term business performance.
ดิสกุล ชลศาลาสินธุ์
กฤษฎิ์ ต.ศิริวัฒนา
สฤษดิ์ ติยะวงศ์สุวรรณ
Efficiency Improvement of Medical Supplies Storage Management: Peritoneal Dialysis Solution Case Study
This research aims to improve the area management of storage by using the analysis of goods type with the First In date First Out (FIFO) method to reduce the losses of unproductive or expired goods and including to research the Time Study. The research objectives are to study problem and obstacle of the management of medical supplies storage, and to implement the process to increase the efficiency of medical supplies storage management as a case study of Peritoneal Dialysis Solution. The researcher studied the problem of goods arrangement in the medical supplies storage by Fishbone diagram and found some problem of this arrangement such as the goods arrangement was not tidy, the old and new goods were arrangement on the same area, and included the types of goods were not separated. The research result revealed that the method of First Expire date First Out (FEFO) increased the efficiency of goods search and goods removal. The new arrangement of warehouse layout was convenient and quickly for goods search and the average time of activity process in the storage was reduced to 6.34% with a statistical significance of 0.05.
รุ่งอรุณ บุญถ่าน
วิลาสินี กีรกิตติสกุล
Factors Affecting Working Condition of Food Delivery Rider : A Case Study of Bang Sue District
The covid-19 pandemic had a significant impact on many businesses. Restaurant business only has take-away and delivery channels through applications, with food delivery riders represent as an intermediary between restaurant and consumer. Food delivery riders work under risky and unpredictable working conditions. The income depends on the amount of delivery rounds in the food delivery service. In order to maximize income, most delivery riders work longer hours than the average job. The objectives of this research were to analyze factors that affect the working conditions of food delivery riders and propose measures that will improve working conditions for food delivery riders. The sample group was 100 food delivery riders in Bang Sue District, Bangkok by using non-probabilistic sampling, the tool was a questionnaire. The statistics used in this research are descriptive statistics include percentage; mean and inferential statistics. In addition factor analysis was also employed. The analysis revealed that the factors that affect the working conditions of food delivery riders have 4 factors, ordered from the lowest to the highest component weight range as follows: 1) the number of working days per week 2) the number of working hours per day 3) the number of working rounds per day and 4) monthly income. The results of this research can be used to propose measures to improve working conditions for food delivery riders as follows: 1) minimum Insurance Measures, Paid leave and severance pay 2) measures to provide a place to stay while waiting for the food delivery service.
Using Multi Attribute Utility Theory and Rank Order Centroid Methods: A Case Study of Phuket City to Patong Beach Corridor
The purpose of this study is to determine the most suitable light transit system for Phuket Province using Multi Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) and Rank Order Centroid (ROC) methods using Phuket City to Patong Beach Corridor as a case study. Respondents are classified into four sectors including designers, social sector, service providers and service users. Each sector rates score for each alternative and prioritizes decision factors based on their criteria. The results show that each group selects the most appropriate system and ranks the most important factors as follows: designers choose the Tram system based on construction difficulty, social sectors choose Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system based on environmental impact, service providers choose Electric Vehicle Bus (EV Bus) system based on project cost, and service users choose Automated Rapid Transit (ART) system based on accessibility , respectively. If all respondents are equally important, the most suitable light transit system for Phuket is ranked as follows: ART (1st), Surface BRT (2nd), Tram (3rd), and EV Bus (4th). The analysis results provide guidance for selecting a suitable light transit system for Phuket Town to Patong Beach, considering all stakeholders' concerns.
นางสาวสิรินุช ไชยพิทักษ์
Factor Analysis of User Participation in University Vanpool Service
University vanpool service is an alternative transportation mode for students and staffs who must especially travel in different campus locations. That university vanpools service should be green, convenient, cost-effective, and sustain. To promote the uses of university vanpools, information regarding to the travelers’ attitudes and behaviors will provide useful information to decision makers to set up proper plans and policies. This study applies exploratory factor analysis method to identify the influencing the uses of vanpool service factors. Respondents of 200 Chiang Mai Rajabhat university students and staffs, who travel between Chiang Mai Rajabhat University in Muang District and Mae Rim District, were conducted. The analysis results show that factors influencing the use of university vanpool services can be divided into 6 groups, including negative emotions, service quality, positive emotions, intention, perceived behavioural control and past behaviour.
อรรถวิทย์ อุปโยคิน
เกรียงไกร อรุโณทยานันท์
เสริมศักดิ์ พงษ์เมษา
สุรเมศวร์ พิริยะวัฒน์
Analysis of Service and Reasonable Price for Chiang Mai Rajabhat University Vanpool
This study aims to analyze service and reasonable price of Chiang Mai Rajabhat university Vanpools. It is the development of a public transportation system with Vanpools that may occur in the future. Vanpools offer a service for students and staffs who necessarily travel between two campus districts: Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Mae rim district and Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Muang district with a distance of approximately 29 kilometers. The questionnaire surveys approximately was conducted 196 Chiang Mai Rajabhat university students. In addition, Kishi's Logit Price Sensitivity Measurement and qualitative analysis is utilized to analyze the suitable fare and service satisfaction. The analysis results indicate that reasonable price is 19.38 baht and service satisfaction revealed that 40-50 percent of respondents were moderately satisfied with the reliability/on time of the service. safety and the convenience. Furthermore, most motorcyclists are moderately satisfied and agree with the current fare price.
ณัฐพล อรุณสวัสดิ์
Factors Influencing Perceived Service Quality and Satisfaction in Electric Bus Service in Khon Kaen University
Environmental issues are a major concern for city governments around the world. Encouraging the use of electric public transportation to increase passenger numbers is an environmentally friendly alternative to road transport, it also helps reduce problems from using private vehicles. Understanding the factors influencing users on electric public transport is therefore essential to attract more passengers. The purpose of this research is to study factors influencing satisfaction in using public bus services through service quality assessment of Public Electric Bus of Khon Kaen University (KKU Smart Transit Electric Vehicle, KST-EV). This study collected data using a structured questionnaire from the service quality measure SERVQUAL, together with users' perceived environmental performance on service quality and satisfaction. There were 611 participants answering the questionnaire (n=611). The structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the relationship. Results indicated that reliability, assurance, and perceived environmental performance have a significant positive association with bus service quality, subsequently affecting the users’ satisfaction on KST-EV. Thus, improvements in various aspects of bus operations, including bus punctuality, convenient access to bus timetable information, appropriateness of service hours, facilities at the bus stop, driving behavior, speed, driving skills, and transition to electric buses will increase service quality and enhance passenger satisfaction. The results of the analysis can be applied to formulate policies improving the quality of bus services in Khon Kaen university.
Study of Preliminary Factors Affecting Satisfaction and Expectation for Traveling by Public Transport in Khon Kaen University
Khon Kaen University and adjacent areas have encountered traffic congestion problems due to many journeys made by personal vehicles mainly motorcycles and passenger cars. One of the alternative solutions to reduce traffic congestion is to increase using public transport. Therefore, the purpose of this study are to determine preliminary factors affecting satisfaction and expectation for traveling by public transport in Khon Kaen University. This research studied the satisfaction of user and expectation of non-users for traveling by public transport and also studied the attitude of Car free zone/Car less zone to find measures to increase efficiency and demand for public transport in Khon Kaen University. The survey will be conducted by personal survey interviews with 800 questionnaires. From the preliminary results in the analysis of factors affecting demand by factor analysis method, it was found that there are 5 factors affecting satisfaction and expectation for traveling by public transport, including service, tangibles, reliability, safety, and worthiness. Moreover, the most influential factor affecting satisfaction and expectation in users and non-users of public transport is the factors related in tangibles and reliability. An attitudes survey of Car free zone/Car less zone detects the allocation of parking spaces and then changes the mode of public transportation to enter the Car free zone/Car less zone area in Khon Kaen University gets the most satisfaction.
วัชชิราภรณ์ วงศ์หมั่น
Study of Traffic Operation under Conditions of Autonomous Buses
This study looks at traffic operations on a major road with autonomous buses. In this study, current traffic conditions are analyzed, and a traffic simulation model is created to compare scenarios with and without autonomous buses. Necessary data are collected on Phahon Yothin Road in the inbound direction, near the bus stop opposite Chatuchak Park. The data is then processed and imported into the VISSIM program to simulate the scenarios in which all normal buses are changed to autonomous buses. The car-following parameters used for normal vehicles in the VISSIM model are based on the Wiedemann 99 model, and the parameters for autonomous buses are based on CoEXist All-knowing. Results for the scenarios with and without autonomous are statistically compared for the changes in traffic operations performance, including speed and travel delay. This study found that the overall traffic conditions tend to improve after replacing all public buses with autonomous public buses. There was a 24 percent decrease in queue delays, and a 15 percent increase in vehicle speed and the travel time of vehicles on the road was reduced than before. It was found that the use of unmanned buses As a result, overall traffic delays were reduced by 53 percent, The average number of stops decreased by 20 percent, and delays decreased by 17 percent, and bus stop delays decreased by 50 percent, the average number of stops increased by 8 percent, and delays decreased by 10 percent.
National-scale Level of Service Determining of Urban Streets Using Online Traffic Data
Level of service (LOS) is one of the widely used highway performance measurements. Road authorities can develop road improvement programs for roadways with poor levels of service, such as upgrading the road infrastructure or optimizing traffic signal timings. However, traditional methods of determining the level of service at a regional or national scale could be costly and time-consuming, and they cannot determine the priority of road subsections that require improvement. To implement the challenges of high cost and time-consuming data collection, using online traffic data such as Google Maps can provide real-time and comprehensive traffic information at a relatively low cost and without the effort of collecting large amounts of field data. In this paper, we propose a methodology to determine the level of service of the urban streets of road network at a national scale using online traffic data, i.e., travel speed and free-flow speed with traffic condition from Google Maps. The methodology includes road subsections, data input preparation, and level of service determination. The analysis is divided into three time periods (i.e., AM, MD, and PM) for both weekdays and weekends. The analysis results yielded a level of service from A to F for urban street links in Thailand. The challenges and limitations of this proposed methodology were also discussed in the paper. Road authorities can use the proposed methodology as a screening tool to identify links with the level of service issues at a regional/national scale to improve the roadway network.
Traffic Volume Forecast Models with High Sensor Data Uncertainty
Traffic volume forecasting is an important task for the motorway planning and management. The performance of these forecasts is often degraded by the high uncertainty of sensor data, particularly when the data are subject to delay. This study aims to develop methods for imputing and forecasting traffic volume under high uncertainty and delayed data conditions. The objective is to enhance the precision of predictions for traffic volume. This study introduced a new data imputation method as well as a sequence-based machine learning model, namely, Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) model, to handle highly uncertain sensor data. The model's performance is evaluated using Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) with a result of 26.67 vehicles, 17.31 vehicles and 9.26% respectively. Specifically, the model demonstrated a high level of sensitivity to delayed data, 17.45% of delayed data, meaning that it was able to accurately adjust its predictions based on changes in data availability and processing times. This suggests that the proposed approach has the potential to significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of traffic volume forecasting in real-world settings, where delays and disruptions are common occurrences. Overall, our study provides strong evidence for the efficacy of the proposed approach in the face of delayed data and highlights its potential as a valuable tool for traffic management and planning in Thailand and beyond.
Accuracy of Estimated Time Arrival by Applications
For modern mobility, there are several smart phone applications that very well facilitate travelers. This study is interested in the three applications that can provide the estimated time arrival (ETA); namely, Google Maps, Moovit which are free of charge and 99 Baht/month Viabus (Fan). The objective is to ascertain the accuracy of their forecast for the sake of choosing an appropriate application. In this study, the sample is bus number 515 running between Mahidol University, Salaya to the Victory Monument. The distance is about 27 kilometers. Data collection was collected for three days; i.e., Sunday 13, Wednesday 16 and Saturday 19 November, 2022. The forecasting accuracy is obtained by comparing between ETA by the three applications and the actual arrival times for 40 trips. The analysis results indicate that ViaBus (Fan) gives the most accurate ETA. The average error is 1 minute and the maximum error is 6 minutes. Such high accuracy is due to its short-term prediction. Google Maps and Moovit give the average forecasting errors of 6 and 32 minutes, respectively. All three applications tend to give slower-than-actual ETA. The computed willingness to pay to ViaBus (Fan) for more accurate ETA above free-of-charge Google Maps is 0.50 Baht per minute.
รองศาสตราจารย์ ดร.สมชาย ปฐมศิริ
ขนากานต์ อภิวงศ์เจริญ
พัฒนชัย จิรรัตน์สกุล
Simulation of Train Scheduling and Evaluation of Passenger Level of Service : A Case Study of Mass Rapid Transit Blue Line
This research studies the train scheduling of the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) blue line, which is one the major lines in Bangkok with a total distance of about 48 kilometers and 38 stations. The blue line is the first of the MRT system and connects major business, residential and cultural areas of Bangkok. Presently, the blue line is connected to other lines including purple line, red line, green line and airport rail link line with a plan to extend to orange line, yellow line and purple line in the future. This has led the blue line to become one of the Bangkok’s busiest line with an average of 400,000 passengers per day passing through. The aim of this study is to improve efficiency of train scheduling and thus provide a better level of service for passengers. This research considers significant factors influencing train operation such as train specifications, train speed, train capacity, route of train line, distance between the station, headway and dwell time. This paper adopts cloud-based transit scheduling software called “TRUELINE” to create varieties of run curve and timetable considering different factors in order to improve efficiency and passenger level of service. The outcome of this study will provide information for train operators that can be applied to optimize operations in real life.
จิรภัทร ภักดิ์แจ่มใส
บุญชัย แสงเพชรงาม
Currently, Bangkok has expanded its metro network according to the city's growth. The bicycle is a highly maneuverable vehicle that can reach the metro station efficiently and they are environmentally friendly. The purpose of this study was to study the characteristics of bicycle-train users and how they used the bicycle-train. Researchers surveyed a sample of train passengers from the questionnaire by interviewing those who live around the train station within 3 kilometers of the station and interviewing at the train station. From observing the characteristics of bicycle-train users. Most of the participants who used bicycle-train is male 68.4 percent. Middle young ages (between 21 – 40 years). employees in the organization or entrepreneurs, commute to work and graduated with a bachelor's degree and income between 20,000 to 30,000 baht. The average distance to station is 1.36 kilometers and those who use bicycles go to train stations 52.6 percent have at least 1 bicycle and 81.6 percent use bicycles in their daily lives. Withal from the analysis of the characteristics of bicycle-train users, there are the following characteristics. Commute to work, Possession a bicycle, and Use bicycles in daily life.
ภานุทัต วีระชาติ
Decision Structure Analysis to Identify Factors that Cause Rail Broken or Rail Cracked using Analytical Hierarchy Process
The most important structural element is the rail. Be the dilapidation of a rail which be born from a rail deteriorates that have tall risk track car accident derails which there is the cause is from side usability factor. The aim of this study is to investigate the elements that lead to rail breaks or cracks by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to weigh and rank each contributing component. According to the study's findings, the maintenance component was the one that contributed most to rail breaks or cracks, with a weight of relevance of 35.7%, followed by the second factor. The element resulting from design having a weight of importance of 18.2% was in third place, with users having an important weight of 30.4%, and last place. This means that the significant weight of the second factor was under the external factor's significance weight of 15.7%. and it was discovered that the secondary factor resulting from tamping under the main factor on maintenance had a value of 20.9% which was the weight that was the most significant. a factor due to weeding and paving stone cleaning had a significant weight of 10.10%.
ธวัชชัย ปัญญาคิด
Development of Model for Predicting the Flexible Pavement Strength
In the present, roads in Thailand are mainly asphalt pavements. While traffic is applying on the road, it is also damaging the pavement structure. Currently the remaining pavement strength can be assessed by pavement surface deflection measurement by using the Falling Weight Deflectometer test. However, knowing the changes of pavement strength over future time is also needed to plan for the pavement rehabilitation works. This research presents the development of pavement strength over time. The objectives are to develop a statistical model between pavement strength and factors affecting asphalt pavement. Then the pavement strength model is compared with the test data of actual asphalt pavement. The factors that affect pavement strength are type of base material, number of standard axle repetition applying on the pavement, temperature, and season.
การประเมินการหลุดลอกระหว่างแอสฟัลต์อิมัลชันและมวลรวม รวมถึงการใช้น้ำยางพาราเป็นส่วนผสมในแอสฟัลต์อิมัลชัน
Asphalt emulsion can be divided into 2 types Cationic Asphalt Emulsion and Anionic Asphalt Emulsion. Because each type of aggregate has a different electric charge. and the mixing of natural latex with asphalt emulsion will change the charge of asphalt emulsion. The adhesion between asphalt and aggregate has a significant impact on asphalt road performance. and to avoid road surface stripping off which may cause premature deterioration of the road surface. This research aims to study and test the stripping between asphalt emulsion and different aggregates. with different electrical charges using the Rolling Bottle Test (RBT), which is a test to determine the percentage of asphalt coverage on the aggregate surface to assess the stripping between asphalt and aggregates. By using asphalt emulsion both cationic and anionic Including the using of natural rubber in the form of concentrated latex type Pre-vulcanized Latex mixed with anionic asphalt emulsion to test with all 3 types of aggregates, including Limestone from Chonburi province. Limestone from Saraburi Province and basalt from Buriram Province. The test took time to evaluate at 6 hours and 24 hours. From the test at 24 hours, it was found that Chonburi limestone, cationic asphalt emulsion had the average coverage percentage of asphalt more than that of negatively charged asphalt emulsion. Saraburi limestone Anionic emulsion asphalt had the average coverage percentage of asphalt more than cationic emulsion asphalt and Buriram basalt. Cationic emulsion asphalt had a higher average coverage percentage of asphalt than anionic emulsion asphalt. From mixing natural rubber latex to anionic and cationic asphalt emulsion, it increased the stripping resistance properties.
ไม้ไท เกษสุวรรณ์
Evaluation of the Use of Cellular Lightweight Concrete as Embankment Material for Asphalt Concrete Road in Bangkok
Road construction on soft clay foundations in Bangkok often faces long-term settlement problems due to the weight of the embankment fill than the shear strength of the foundation soil and the consolidation process of foundation soil in saturated conditions. At present, there are two techniques for improving the quality of foundation soil: transferring the weight of embankment fill to a stronger layer and accelerating the settlement with pre-loadings. This paper presents the use of lightweight concrete as an alternative material in embankment layers to reduce the weight of the material acting on soft clay foundations. Evaluation of the mechanical properties of cellular lightweight concrete consisted of compressive strength test, split tensile strength test, elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio test, and dynamic compressive strength test to select the appropriate density of cellular lightweight concrete and use it to evaluate the thickness for application in the embankment layer of asphalt concrete road structure through ANSYS model. From the study, it was found that the density of cellular lightweight concrete at 600 kg/m3 with a thickness of 0.4 m could reduce stress, strain and settlement on the foundation soil layer better than traditional structures, which resulted in the long-term stability of the road structure from permanent deformation.
Study of Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting on Concrete Pavement
Global warming is caused by the combustion of fossil fuels and energy waste, causing harm to life and property on a global scale. Therefore, alternative energy is a solution, despite the fact that there are still technical and practical obstacles to its practical implementation. The purpose of this paper was to study the energy harvesting behavior of the thermoelectric effect on concrete pavement and improve the performance of the concrete structures in roads that affect energy harvesting from the thermoelectric effect. To investigate and compare the thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of adding graphite to concrete within 0.5%, 1%, and 2.5% by weight of cement, by simulate daytime and nighttime conditions on concrete pavement. The results indicated that graphite was added to the mixture in an amount of 2.5% by weight of cement and that the maximum temperature on the top surface was 45.9 °C; therefore, the maximum voltage obtained from the thermoelectric effect was 0.25 V. However, the result obtained on the side surface was lower than the top surface, which was in the same position. Installing a device to convert energy from the thermoelectric effect to voltage is important. Therefore, the installation depth of the thermoelectric device is close to the top surface, which is a concrete pavement that has been high-tempered and, therefore, is able to harvest energy effectively.
จุฬาลักษณ์ ภิกขุวาโย
Energy Harvesting from Thermoelectric Effects of Pavement Materials
Nowadays, there are initiatives to replace fossil fuel energy with energy from renewable sources, such as solar, water, wind, and others. The thermoelectric effect is another fascinating source of energy. This research aims to examine the viability of using thermoelectric technology to asphalt pavement materials in the future as a renewable energy source, as well as the thermal conductivity qualities of asphalt with various composite materials. The steel fiber and graphite powder were added to the mixture of pavement materials designed with reference to road work standards of the Department of Highways of Thailand. Simulate the pavement environment to replicate the daytime and nighttime surroundings. The temperature, voltage, and current values were then gathered for analysis. The findings indicate that asphalt pavement material is suitable for energy generation via thermoelectric technology. Graphite-infused pavements have significantly enhanced heat retention properties. Adding steel fiber also increases its capacity to store heat, but to a lesser extent than graphite.
ภูมิกิติ ทำเนียบ
Estimation of Highway Maintenance Cost due to Heavy Truck Traffic
This article aims to study a predictive model of pavement damage that is suitable for highways in Thailand. The damage results are sufficient to account for long-term maintenance costs. and analyze the cost of damage to cover the cost of maintenance of the road structure caused by heavy trucks in the future The study modeled the paved road structure using the HDM-4 program using the data of Highway 344 Rayong-Ban Bueng. which is located not far from the truck weighing station in the modeling The model is 1 km long and has 4 traffic lanes. The test was performed by using models of all 4 types namely, medium trucks, heavy trucks, semi-trailers and trailers. The damage caused by heavy trucks for 20 years was simulated, namely cracking, ravelling, potholing and rutting. The relationship between structural strength, truck volume and road section It tends to indicate future damage. Therefore, the maintenance model used in the HDM-4 program was considered to estimate the cost of pavement maintenance and quality control over a 20-year period appropriate to the highway.
ภาณุพงศ์ เย็นฉ่ำ
Selection of Preliminary Travel Demand Management (TDM) Measures for Car-Free Zone or Car-Less Zone
This research aims to select appropriate travel demand management (TDM) measures to develop approaches toward car-free zone and car-less zone in Khon Kaen university by using a qualitative research method. In the study data were collected from students in Khon Kaen University, from two areas including 1) Car-free zone; International College, Faculty of Economics and the College of Local Administration and 2) Car-less zone; Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Architecture, Faculty of Business Administration and Accountancy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Education, and the Faculty of Science. Two focus group discussions of 18 students were conducted. The results of these group discussions were found that compulsive measures (so called Push measures) that were recommended to implement in the study area including 1. Traffic calming 2. Measures to allow only alternative energy vehicles to enter the area 3. Measures to collect personal parking fees however the toll fee measure and the reduction of private parking spaces are considered unacceptable and may not be recommended to implement. Meanwhile, shuttle service is recommended as a good measure for persuasive measures (Pull). And shuttle bus improvement measures by using SAW (The Simple Additive Weight) method, it was found that students in both areas ranked first in time and reliability, second in service, third in the physical aspect, and fourth in comfort.
ณัฐชุตา ไหลหลั่ง
Measurement of Natural Frequency of Residential Buildings in Earthquake Prone Areas
Northern Thailand is the highest seismicity area of the country. Past major earthquakes caused damages to buildings and infrastructures in different degree. Most of the affected buildings were small structures such as residential buildings which were not earthquake resistant design. The dynamic characteristics of these buildings have not been investigated. Therefore, this research aims to identify the natural period of small residential buildings by ambient vibration measurement. Altogether 36 buildings in Chiang Rai were studied. Among them, 14 buildings are concrete, 22 buildings are concrete-wooden structures, 4 buildings are one-story, 30 buildings are two-story and 2 buildings are three-story. The measurement was conducted using two sets of sensitive velocity meters to record microtremor vibrations of the buildings. The natural periods were identified for the translational modes. Structural characteristics of buildings such as the number of columns and amount of infill wall in each direction were considered to investigate their contribution to the lateral stiffness. The study found that the natural frequency of most buildings ranges between 3 and 5 Hz. However, there is variability in the natural frequency values found in other buildings. Some buildings have a dominant natural frequency range of 5 to 10 Hz. This demonstrates the diversity in the design of small-scale buildings, which varies based on the structural design and materials used in construction. Furthermore, it was also observed that in buildings that use mixed materials, such as wood-concrete structures, there is variation in the natural frequencies in different parts that use different materials.
Higher Mode Effects on Wind Loads and Responses of Tall Buildings
This paper presents wind-induced response of tall buildings based on High Frequency Pressure Integration (HFPI) tests. The Generalized Wind Force Analysis are used to analyze the data obtained from the HFPI test to determine the contributions of higher modes to building responses (top displacement, top acceleration, base moments in along-wind, across-wind and torsional directions). The results show that the fundamental mode is adequate for the top displacement and base overturning moment of square tall buildings but neglecting the contribution of higher modes may result in an underestimate of the top acceleration response in wind direction.
วิโรจน์ บุญญภิญโญ
จิรวัฒน์ จันทร์เรือง
Inelastic Deformation Demands of SDOF Systems Subjected to Ground Motions for Bangkok Area
In this paper, a seismic ground motion database in Zone 5 of the Bangkok basin, classified in the DPT 1301/1302-61 standard, has been adopted to evaluate the seismic displacement demand of a perfectly plastic SDOF system. The results have been presented in the ratio of displacement of inelastic and corresponding linear systems. This ratio is the parameter that depends on the properties of the subsoil and is also an important coefficient to determine the target displacement in nonlinear static analysis, according to DPT 1303-57. In addition, this paper proposes a formula for estimating the coefficient that is suitable for Bangkok area.
Results of the Preliminary Risk Assessment of Buildings that May Be Severely Damaged by an Earthquake in the Northern Region
The Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning published a manual for preliminary risk assessment of buildings that may be severely damaged by earthquakes and cooperated with local governments in provinces located in high seismic zones to conduct preliminary risk assessment, by following guideline in the manual, of buildings with building types specified in the Ministerial Regulation NO.49 issued under the Building Control Act (B.E. 2522) and constructed before the regulation enacted. This specific group of the building was chosen because seismic force was not considered for their structural design. The preliminary risk assessment results, which were scores-based, were classified by types of structure, which was identified by its current condition, and type of soil layers, which was presumed into 2 types including hard soil and normal soil due to lacks of soil test result. The assessment result of 175 buildings from 4 provinces in northern region of Thailand, mostly were reinforced concrete buildings, indicated that the risk of severely damage of those building due to earthquakes of those building was approximately 62% for hard soil consideration and 86% for normal soil consideration. As a result, those buildings will be required detailed assessments to verify their seismic-force resisting performance and to prepare for prevention and damage mitigation from future earthquakes.
บดินทร์กรณ์ เรืองเดชอังกูร
The Study of Resistance to Seismic Vibrations of Low-Rise Buildings According to Standard Construction Drawings
The objective of this research was to study the earthquake resistance of the building with less than 15 meters height located in 3 different earthquake risk areas of Thailand, according to the ministerial regulations of 2564 (2011). This research investigated 3 buildings based on the government standard drawing, consisting of school building, office building and janitor's house. Those building structures were analyzed for earthquake resistance by using equivalent static analysis and modified response spectrum analysis according DPW1302-61 standard used by Department of Public Work and Town Planning. Finite element program, EtabsV.17, was used to analyze the structures. It was found that the buildings with symmetrical configuration and located in Zone 1 and Zone 2 areas would be safe from earthquake. On the other hand, the buildings located in Zone 3 area, where the highest earthquake force occurs in Thailand, would not be safe from earthquake because the actual moment and shear force in columns would be higher than their moment and shear force capacity. As a result, the structural detail of these buildings should be adjusted in order to reduce internal force in the columns or columns need to be strengthened by adding more tie bars and main rebars in the column section.
อนิรุตต์ นุชประเสริฐ
The Field Measurement of Fundamental Period of Buildings in Thailand by Using HVSR Method
Seismicity of Bangkok is different with other cities as it is situated on the low seismic zone but placed on the border of the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates which can produce the large earthquake. Evaluation of fundamental period by using ambient vibration data is the frequently used method. A group of the existing reinforced concrete buildings, height range from 17 m to 124 m, situated in the Bangkok City; Thailand have performed the ambient vibration test and HVSR method will be used to compute the fundamental frequencies and fundamental periods of the buildings in this paper. A numerical analysis developing the finite element technique (FEM) will be done to verify the accuracy of the measurement results. FEM has also been used to assess the impact of infill wall stiffness and infill wall opening percentage on the fundamental period and higher modes of RC frame constructions.
Flexural Behavior of Corroded Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams with Variable Fiber Contents
Steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) is introduced to the construction due to the capability of the load enhancement and restraining the crack opening, which leads to higher structural performance and longer durability. The main purpose of this study was to study the effectiveness of steel fiber contents in SFRC beams under corrosion to the crack propagation, flexural loading capacity and corresponding failure pattern. A total of 4 SFRC beams were fabricated with same dimension of 100 x 200 x 1400 mm including 4 deformed bars with diameter of 12mm. Moreover, 6mm stirrups were reinforced to avoid shear failure. The contents of mil-cut steel fiber varied from 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%. All specimens were accelerated by the impressive current (ICT) method within 19 days. Crack width of the specimens were measured and recorded to analyze the crack propagation during the ICT method. Specimens were subjected to the four-point bending test for investigating the capacity, deflection, and failure pattern. After the bending test, the steel reinforced rebars were extracted from the specimens to observe the actual corrosion degree. The results showed that the increase of fiber contents could reduce the overall crack and lead to the higher yield and ultimate loading capacity of SFRC as well.
Experimental and Evaluation of Flexural Capacity in Voided RC Slab with Internal Truncated Pyramid Shaped Voids
Truncated Pyramid Shaped (TPS) voided former is an alternative voided shape embedded inside the reinforced concrete slab to reduce concrete quantity. The main purposes of this study were to investigate the one directional flexural behavior of TPS voided slab through the four-point bending test and compared the experimental results with the evaluation of flexural capacity. Two TPS voided slabs with dimension of 2700x1500 mm2 and different thickness of 260 mm and 300 mm were subjected to the loading test. During the loading test, the results of load, deflection and strains in concrete and steel bars were recorded to observe their relevant behaviors. Consequently, the evaluation method for flexural capacity of the TPS voided slab was proposed by using the fundamental flexural analysis. Finally, the loading capacities from both specimens showed good agreement results between the experiment and evaluation method with an accuracy of up to 94.93%.
Finite Element Method of Normal Reinforced Concrete Slab under Contact Explosion
Blast load is a special and specific situation that rarely occurs in structural engineering, but it can cause severe damage to the structure and user due to the high energy dissipation in both tension and compression. The experiment under blast conditions is difficult to conduct because of safety and taken high cost. Therefore, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is the effective method to investigate the blast load behaviors. This research aims to study the FEM analysis to create a numerical simulation of Normal Reinforced Concrete (NRC) slabs under blast conditions. The experimental results from the previous study were employed to validate the numerical simulation model with FEM software. The NRC slabs in 2000mm x 1000mm x 75mm of dimension under 1 lb and 2 lbs of TNT at 500 mm of standoff distance were used as the validated specimens. To model the structure under blast loads, additional properties regarding high strain rate condition were required, such as erosion. The validation between results from models and experiments such as maximum deflection and overpressure regarding the blasting of normal RC slabs with different blast loads were examined. According to the numerical results, with increase of the explosive charge weight from 1 lb to 2 lbs resulted in the more damage on slab surface and higher maximum deflection.
คณาธิป ปราปต์บุณฑริก
Chatree Ngamsangiem Application of Foam Cement Filled PVC Tubes to Replace Bamboo Columns and Beams for Floating Oyster’s Farm
This research used PVC tubes reinforced with foam cement as a substitute for bamboo poles and beams to support rope floating for growing oysters. The tubes with a dimeter of 100 mm and 2.6 mm. wall thickness. grey agricultural PVC tubes as an outer covering and foam-cement with a density of 250 kg/m³ and 500 kg/m³ for the poles and beams, respectively. The load of the structure was determined based on the weight of the oysters rope hanging and found to be able to support a maximum compressive stress of pole and bending stress of beam are 0.06 MPa and 7.36 MPa, respectively. The PVC tubes reinforced with foam cement were then tested for compressive and bending strength in a laboratory. The results showed that the average maximum compressive strength of the pole samples was 3.38 MPa, while the average maximum bending strength of the beam samples was 50.61 MPa. The PVC pipes reinforced with foam cement can be used as a substitute for bamboo poles and beams in raft aquaculture systems. The poles are anchored in the water and buried 1.5 meters in the ground under of water, while the beams are attached loosely to the poles using ropes to support the oyster’s raft. Data was collected every month for a period of 6 months, starting from the beginning of oyster cultivation until harvest. It was found that the PVC tubes reinforced with foam cement exhibited physical characteristics that demonstrated durability and resistance to environmental factors.
ชาตรี งามเสงี่ยม
ปฤษฎางค์ เพิ่มสุข
Axial Compressive Performance of Reinforced-Concrete Columns Strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Sheets
This study investigates the axial behavior of short rectangular reinforced concrete columns strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets, with a focus on the effect of different levels of confinement and CFRP layers. The dimensions of the columns are 250×250×1000 mm. with a steel reinforcement ratio of 3.0% and externally CFRP bonded strengthening. Load-carrying capacity and failure mode are examined experimentally in this work. The results show that partial confinement with three layers of stirrups produces the highest increase in ultimate axial strength, at 23.2% compared to the control column. The failure mode for all specimens is due to concrete failure.
Punching Shear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Isolated Footings Reinforced with GFRP Rebars
The punching shear strength of isolated footings varies considerably for different codes, partly due to varying amounts of soil reaction considered when calculating the punching shear resistance. The present study aimed to investigate the punching shear behavior of reinforced concrete isolated footings reinforced with GFRP rebars, taking into account soil-structure interaction. Full-scale specimens were divided into two groups based on the type of foundation support and were tested separately. One group was supported on a bed of elastic springs to simulate an elastic foundation based on Winkler-type soil reactions, while the other was supported on a rigid support to examine the effect of soil-structure interaction on the punching shear behavior. The specimens were tested to investigate the load-carrying capacity, failure mode, subgrade reaction, crack development, footing slab deflection, and rebar strain distribution. Results from the tests showed that the elastic spring system maintained a constant k value despite the vertical settlement. Both tested specimens failed in punching shear failure mode, and the specimen supported by the elastic spring system had a little higher punching shear resistance than the one supported on a rigid support. Additionally, the resistance of the specimens exceeded the calculated value according to the ACI code, suggests that the code is reliable and perhaps more conservative.
Prefabricated Cross-Section Table for the Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams by Strength Design Method
This article presents a prefabricated cross-sectional table for the design of reinforced concrete beams using the strength design method, to help the design of beams or evaluate the strength of beam sections that has already been designed. The scope is to use fc 5 types: 240, 320, 420, 500, and 600 ksc; 6 sizes of SD-50 main reinforcing steel: 12, 16, 20, 25, 28, and 32 mm; and 6 mm SR-24 and 10 mm. SD-50 beams use 4 widths: 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm, depths in 11 sizes: 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, and 80 cm. All scopes can be arranged in 60 forms. With additional considerations, each form determines the number of main reinforcements to receive tensile strength only, which is min    max. The reinforcement spacing must be standard, and only single stirrup may be used. The table was created by developing a program in Microsoft Visual Basic to help calculate and graphically display the cross-section of the beam. Each section will show beam cross-sectional size and the graphic amount of reinforcing steel. and show the numerical values of d, , Mu,max, and Vu,max. The result is a beam design table, including 4,993 cross-sections in pdf file format that can be viewed through computers or other portable devices. Which engineers who design or supervise work can use it conveniently and as a way to make a table of beams by using other grades of reinforcing steel.
A Combined Enhanced Comprehensive Learning Particle Swarm Optimization with Gaussian Process Regression Model for Size and Shape Optimization of Space Trusses
The paper proposes the combined machine learning-based, called Gaussian process regression (GPR), method with enhanced comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization (ECLPSO) algorithm to perform the simultaneous size and shape optimization of space trusses under applied forces. At variance with standard meta-heuristic design techniques, the approach advantageously by-passes the need to iteratively call the time-consuming finite element analyses for structural responses through the construction of the GPR predictive model. The model maps out the accurate structural behaviors from the sufficient input (i.e., nodal coordinates and member sizes) and output (member forces and nodal displacements) dataset generated by a series of structural analyses. The ECLPSO algorithm is then performed solely on the computed GPR model presenting the sufficiently accurate response predictions. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed method are illustrated through the designs of space trusses successfully solved, where the minimum total weight can be achieved.
Guidelines for Design Acrylic Guardrail in Thailand
The study of acrylic railing designs in Thailand is related to this subject. The objectives of this study are as follows: To provide a standard for the design of acrylic railing materials. To compare in with international standards and local standard such as DPT1311-50. To Identify the behaviors that the acrylics guardrail material when subjected to force. The researchers will divide up the various regions of Thailand into groups based on the average reference wind speed. Finally, using SJ-MEPLA software to evaluate the results with the finite element method to integrate those wind loads into consideration. Give the railing some design direction. The study's findings may be summed up as follows: if acrylic railings are being installed at heights between 6 and 40 meters. In all conditions, the installer can securely plan the installation of acrylic railings with a 10-millimeter thickness. Nevertheless, guardrails with a thickness of more than 10 mm must be installed if the height is greater than 40 to 80 meters.
คะณาธิป เรืองหิรัญ
อาทิตย์ เพชรศศิธร
A Study Methods for Loads and Resistances from Restoration of Conservation Building Case Study: Dome Building, Thammasat University Tha Phrachan Campus
This article objectives are to study methods for renovating, improving, repairing, and strengthening foundation and building structure conserved by a case study of Dome Building,Thammasat University Tha Phrachan Campus. This is the first building of the university. Due to the use of the dome building for more than 87 years, the structure was damaged and deteriorated. This restoration of the dome building is the first repair since the building was built and changed the new usable area while maintaining the original identity of the dome building as much as possible to be a learning center to continue. The building had its original foundation, that was a timber foundation. and is a reinforced concrete type building It will be renovated, repaired, strengthened the original foundation, and improved the superstructure of the dome building. Then analyzed the structure loads and resistances of superstructure and substructure both before and after the renovation.
Comparison of Prestress Loss According to ACI 423.10R and AASHTO Standards
This study compares the calculation of prestress loss in prestressing steel according to the ACI-423.10R (the standard referred by ACI-318 for RC building design as ACI-318 has no calculation details of prestress loss) with the calculation using AASHTO-LRFD (2012) which is the standard mostly used for Bridge design but may not appropriate for buildings. The study analyzed the prestress loss in prestressing steel of 8 examples including 4 cases of Pretension structures and 4 cases of Post-tension structures. Moreover, reduction of prestressing steel area in structure from 0-50% for assuming corrosion in structure has been considered in calculation. Comparison of the moment capacity between using both different standards has be calculated for the last example of the real bridge in Thailand using a post-stressed continuous box girder. The results show that calculation using ACI standard gives higher prestressing loss than using the AASHTO standard for about 3.84%. Moreover, the corrosion of the prestressing steel causes increasing of the tensile stress in the remained prestressing steel which results in more flexural strength requires in the section to compensate for the corroded steel area.
The Analysis and Design to Optimize Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girder Type I-Girder
The technology of nowadays pre-stressed concrete is widely implemented in bridge0 structure design. According to the study, Precasted Concrete Girder has been used in bridge constructions due to its superior ability to support weight and bending strength than that of reinforced concrete with shorter construction time. Correspondingly, the construction of a bridge with a very long span would consider using prestressed concrete I girder. This research study on to design if precasted concrete Girder type I-Girder cross-sectional size according to Department of Highways standards, length 15 meters via the modification of cross-sectional dimensions with reduce the amount of prestressed concrete stranded but the structure can still support the working load and ultimate load safely. The study suggested that consider the ability of loading for the moving load of AASHTO HL-93 standard can also modifying the cross-sectional dimensions and reducing the amount of prestressed concrete stranded.
Flexural Strength of GFRP-Reinforced Concrete Slab after Fire Exposure
This research presents a study that aims to investigate the flexural behavior of concrete slabs reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer bars (GFRP bar) after being exposed to fire. The research focuses on one-way reinforced concrete slabs with dimensions of 900 mm. width, 3300 mm. length, and 20 mm. thickness. Four concrete specimens were tested, divided into two groups: the control group tested at room temperature and the test group exposed to simulated fire conditions and allowed to cool down for 24 hours. The study aims to determine the flexural strength, deflection, mode of failure, and crack pattern of the slab specimens. Furthermore, the research examines the effect of concrete covering length on the behavior of the concrete slabs, with two concrete covering distances of 20 mm and 40 mm.
ศุภวิชญ์ ไทรวิมาน
สุรภาพ แก้วสวัสดิ์วงศ์
Development of Precast Concrete Column-Column Bolted Connection
The objective of this study is to develop precast concrete column-column bolted connection by applying the finite element method (FEM) to the design of this connection. This study focused on the finding of the suitable size of all connected parts that could be made from available materials in market. The design of connection would be developed for supporting 3 different sizes of rebars in the column including DB12, DB16 and DB20 (SD40). The study started from the use of simple equation to specify the size of the connected parts for making the model in FEM. This model consisted of 5 connected sub-parts including 1. Splice bar, 2. Weld 1, 3. Plate 1, 4. Weld 2 and 5. Baseplate. Then, force and boundary conditions were assigned into the model to study the behavior of connector under tensile load through linear and non-linear finite element analysis. FEM analysis would lead to obtain the quantity of Von Misses stress in the sub-parts and maximum shear stress around welding that help indicate the failure mode, sequence of yielding and maximum tensile strength of connection. These results would confirm the safety of design and provide guidelines for supporting further development of connection.
วศิน พงศ์ไพบูลย์สิริ
Copyright (c) 2023 The 28th National Convention on Civil Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Failure Envelopes for Circular Piles in Clays under Combined Horizontal Load and Moment
This research presents failure envelopes for circular piles in clays subjected to combined horizontal load and moment. A three-dimensional finite element analysis was conducted to determine the solution for this problem, considering the depth and width of the circular piles. For finite element analyses, the circular pile was modeled as a volume element with rigid material, while the clay was modeled using Tresca material in an undrained condition. Soil-structure interfaces were modeled with no tension. The failure envelopes of circular piles in clay under combined horizontal load and moment are presented in terms of normalized parameters of horizontal load and moment. The result of this study found that the ratio between depth and width of circular piles affects the character and failure of the envelope of circular piles in clays.
Study on Loading Behaviour of Corrugated Web Steel Column Using Finite Element Analysis
This paper presents the study on the loading behaviour of the corrugated-web I-section column using a finite element model. Firstly, the finite element models were validated against the experimental and numerical results of flat-web I-section column from the reference journal. Secondly, the finite element models of corrugated-web I-section column were created and compared with the results of flat-web I-section column. Then parametric studies were performed to investigate the influence of different proportions of the section on the buckling behaviour and the ultimate load capacity. It was found that in the column that bending about major axis; the buckling mechanism of corrugated-web I-section columns are controlled by the flexural buckling until after the ultimate load, local buckling of the flanges will occur and the ultimate load capacity of flat-web I-section columns are higher than corrugated-web I-section columns, in the column that bending about minor axis; the buckling mechanism of corrugated-web I-section columns are still controlled by the flexural buckling and the ultimate load capacity of flat-web I-section columns are slightly higher than corrugated-web I-section columns. In parametric studies, it was found that in the columns under the effect of lateral torsional buckling; the ultimate load capacity of corrugated-web I-section columns can be higher than flat-web I-section columns in some cases.
Behavior of High-Rise ASRS Steel Storage Rack Structure under Cyclic Loading
Ultra-high steel storage racks are becoming more common to accommodate Automatic Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS). Past research studies on the behavior of steel storage rack focused on typical low-rise industrial racks. However, steel storage racks for ASRS system currently being used in Thailand might be as high as 20-30 meters. This article presents the behavior of high-rise ASRS steel storage rack structure under cyclic loading. The cyclic test was carried out by using a sub-assemblage structure which uses full-scaled cold-formed steel sections. The test specimen was 4 meters in height, 5 meters in width with 2 bays, and 0.98 meters in depth. The specimen represented the first 2 stories of the structure. The test was carried out under constant vertical load and varying lateral loads applying at 2 different points along the height of the structure. The magnitude of the lateral loads at the two levels were kept with a constant ratio. The key test results included displacement, base shear, and failure mode of the structure.
ปารณัท รัตนธรรมสกุล
Axial Behavior of Short Square Columns Cast in Permanent Formworks
The purpose of this paper is to study the axial behavior of square-section reinforced concrete columns cast in permanent formworks. The permanent formworks can be purchased from leading building materials stores. Size of selected permanent formwork is 21x21x86 centimeter with 2 centimeters thick. This size of permanent formwork is suggested from the manufacturer for using to replace the column size 20x20 centimeter that cast by temporary formworks. This study performs axial loading tests of 4 groups of columns, i.e., 1. Square column 20x20 centimeter cast by temporary formworks, 2. Square column 17x17 centimeter cast by temporary formworks, 3. Square column 21x21 centimeter cast by permanent formworks, and 4. Permanent formworks without concrete infilled. Each group of columns consists of 5 specimens. Axial loads are recorded together with column shortening and lateral expansion of column. Moreover, the stirrup expansion also is recorded in order to investigate axial behavior and lateral expansion of the columns. The results show that the axial capacity of the column with permanent formworks is significantly less than those of the columns cast by temporary formworks.
สุวัชรพงษ์ หมั่นมา
ฐิติวัสส์ แสนปัญญา
3D Laser Scanning Data and Finite Element Analysis of Wat Phra Ram
Wat Phra Ram was built in the early Ayutthaya period. It is one of the famous Thai historic sites in the Ayutthaya historical park. The main pagoda is the corn-cob shape influenced by the ancient Khmer style of the Lawo Kingdom. Precise physical data and in-depth knowledge of structural behavior are essential to preserving this significant historical building. Consequently, this paper aims to present the application of 3D laser scanning technology and the finite element analysis of Wat Phra Ram. The 3D point cloud data from the 3D laser scanner is applied to develop the simplified 3D solid model of Wat Phra Ram's main pagoda. From the result show that height of the main pagoda is 40.54 meters. The inclination angle of Wat Phra Ram is 0.34 degree in southwest direction. The primary materials of the pagoda are ancient brick and laterite, which is a challenging problem in structural analysis. Therefore, the finite element method is applied to evaluate the pagoda's stress distribution and free vibrations behaviors. The maximum tensile stress and the maximum compressive stress due to static analysis are 233.80 kPa and 1241.02 kPa respectively. Finally, the pagoda stress distribution, the possible damage pattern, the natural frequencies, and corresponding mode shapes are presented. The comparison of using two materials' properties in the finite element model on the finite element solutions is also investigated.
ฐานวัฒน์ จินานุสรณ์
พีรสิทธิ์ มหาสุวรรณชัย
สุวัจน์ชัย แก้วมาคูณ
ชัยณรงค์ อธิสกุล
สุทัศน์ ลีลาทวีวัฒน์
Inspections of Crack Surface on Irrigation Structure Based on Structure from Motion Technique and Using Deep Learning by Fully Convolutional Network
Currently, the Royal Irrigation Department perform visual inspection on structures in their regular maintenance routine. All elements are required to be inspected again Condition Index (CI) to assess the current state of dams. However, the visual inspection method cannot be performed thoroughly, as there are many areas that are difficult or inaccessible for inspectors, often some areas can be harmful to surveyors. In addition, the visual inspection method posts significant amount of errors that are caused by the inspectors themselves.To ensure the structural integrity of a dam, in this paper, the novel method of inspection is proposed using photographic technology through high-resolution cameras. An unmanned aerial vehicle are used for data collection, and then a 3D model of a dam is created through photogrammetry. Then the Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) technique is applied to detect cracks on the dams. The results show that the proposed system can detect cracks at pixel-level with accuracy over 90%.
ศวิษฐ์ ธรรมวิชิต
The Deterioration Inspections and Performance Evaluations of Load Capacity of the Expressway Structure
This research aims to study about the guideline for the deterioration inspections and the performance evaluations of the load capacity elevated structure to resisting the traffic load on expressway. At present, there are 8 routes with 224.60 kilometers under the operated by the Expressway Authority of Thailand (EXAT). The service life time from the past to the present of the expressway structure was in ranges 7 - 42 years that was a significant to inspected deterioration of the concrete structure. In the process was considered the performance evaluations of the elevated structure expressway and the level of damage from the concrete cracking. The inspections and evaluations can be protected and decreased the level of damage on the structure when it was resisting the traffic load efficiently and it made more safely in the service to the road users. In addition, this process guide line can be used for monitoring and preventing the elevated structure collapse from structural deterioration which is the cause of damage that occurred. These causes of damage affect on properties and risk of life. This case study is about to inspect the level of damage concrete cracking and evaluating the performance of the elevated structure in each elements by used the Non-Destructive Testing. In the results will be use for planning the strengthening and repairing the elevated structure of the expressway efficiently service. It will be made the elevated structure to be stable and more long service life time.
นายธราดล หงส์อติกุล
Improving the Performance of Low-Level Vibration Measurement of Structures with a Low-Cost Structural Health Monitoring System
Monitoring the performance of various structures such as buildings of different sizes, bridges, or observation towers, whether they are old structures that are historically significant or new structures that need to have user confidence in their use. To do this, it is necessary to have measuring equipment installed to always monitor the vibration of the structures. This data can then be analyzed to determine the responses of structures from different types of loading. Currently, the use of vibration monitoring equipment on structures is not widely used due to the high cost of high precision of the equipment. Additionally, there may be limitations in developing lower-cost equipment for monitoring the performance of structures, especially for the low-level of vibration. Therefore, this study aims to improve the performance of low-level vibration monitoring of structures using a low-cost structural health monitoring system and to make it sufficient for practical use on various types of structures in the future. The results from this study found that increasing the number of vibration measuring devices to two sets can improve the efficiency of detecting low-level vibrations. On average, the improvement is approximately about 10-15%.
Influence of Forward Layered Models for Backcalculation Analysis Based on Falling Weight Deflectometer
Backcalculation analysis is a commonly used non-destructive testing (NDT) procedure for assessing the in situ material properties of pavements. The accuracy of pavement moduli estimates obtained from FWD backcalculation analysis depends significantly on the forward model employed in the backcalculation process. In order to address this issue, this paper investigates the influence of the forward dynamic model on falling weight deflectometer backcalculation analysis. A dynamic layered model is considered and a corresponding computer code is developed to assess soil system response based on recorded FWD load impulses reported in the literature. This model is applicable to flexible layered pavements. The investigation presented in this study indicates the need for a careful interpretation of the predicted backcalculation moduli which is essential for the development of dynamic backcalculation programs and application in pavement design and construction.
ยโสธร ทรัพย์เสถียร
Simulation of Bridge Load Testing Process by Finite Element Model
Almost of the bridges in Thailand, that have been built and used for more than 25 years, need to be assessed when the vehicle weight exceeds the legal limit. The Laksi Intersection Bridge was chosen as the case study because this bridge needs to support a heavy truck, which carried a huge guide way beam for construction of a part of the pink line monorail project. The objective of this research is to create a Finite element model (FEM) for simulation of the bridge load testing and transportation of Heavy truck. The finite element model needs to be accurate in terms of deflection and a short processing time. The results showed that the difference deflection between finite element model and field test were indicated in the criteria in this work. Therefore, these finite element models can be used for simulation of bridge load testing and transportation of heavy truck.
กฤษฎา ลาภพาณิชยกุล
ชัยศักดิ์ พิสิษฐ์ไพบูลย์
The Study of The Behavior and Punching Shear Strength of The Joint System between Concrete Slabs and Hollow Structural Steel Columns
Researchers from Sahaviriya Steel Industries PCL. Or SSI, initiated the innovative construction system using hollow steel sections as gravity columns with the splicing joints that are capable of supporting while being embedded in the reinforced concrete floor, commercially called “PostConnex”. The research was performed via laboratory testing with 2 samples per 1 testing condition of the fabricated steel PostConnex system being cast in reinforced concrete slab, for which testing conditions varied (1) shear headed stud, (2) connection cap-plate and stiffener-assemblage thicknesses, (3) bolt diameter and (4) cap plate yield strength, in order to investigate punching shear capacity and to observe system behavior in comparison with punching shear capacity as per ACI 318-19, as well as Critical Shear Crack Theory, CSCT. The results showed that the testing conditions either with or without shear headed studs were higher than calculated value per the above-mentioned standard for approximately 42% and 28% consecutively, while in line with Critical Shear Crack Theory. This can be concluded that PostConnex can be safely designed in accordance with the current design standard and CSCT with the alignment of the assumed behavior of connecting components. Hence, PostConnex can be practically used for the gravity column application for multi-story buildings.
เมธี สุวรรณสนธิ์
วิศาล ตรงศรีพาณิชย์
เอกชัย อยู่ประเสริฐชัย
A Study of The Critical Buckling Load of The Hydraulic Cylinders under the Effect of Static Loads from Wind Turbine Tower by Finite Element Method
The installation of a wind turbine tower can use hydraulic cylinders to facilitate installation and maintenance according to the lifecycle. The critical load due to static load from the wind turbine tower directly affects the buckling of hydraulic cylinders. To study the buckling of the hydraulic cylinders, which are applied by dead load from the wind turbine tower during operation can be studied from the relevant theory and the buckling that was analyzed by the Finite Element Method through ANSYS®. This study found that when the length of the hydraulic cylinders is increased, the buckling stress of the cylinders is decreased accordingly.
ธนินทร์ ชื่นมาลัย
จิรวัฒน์ ยุทธประเวศน์
Analysis of Building Systems by Program Etabs. Case Study : Building Type G. Urban Renewal Din Daeng Community
The major of this research focuses on residential high-rise building, for the safety of the building, which is under the requirements because the external force affects the actual internal force. The subject of this case study was 28-storey of G plot in the Din-Daeng Community Urban Rehabilitation Project; therefore, the authors using the ETABS Program, which is suitable for high-rise building elements analyzed especially the seismic forces action analysis on the structural dynamics analysis of the building. The building was done in 2016 by followed DPT Standard 1301/1302-52 then has been adjusted to DPT Standard 1301/1302-61. Therefore, the authors using the latest standard for simulating the correct building model and analysis the result by Finite Element Method (FEM) to compare with as-built drawing.
ชาญชัย รัตน์นราทร
Dynamic Increase Factor for Progressive Collapse with Non-Linear Statics Analysis
This research project studies dynamic increase factor to analysis progressive collapse nonlinear statics method. The study of planar frames along with samples starting of progressive collapse analysis was employed by removing of 3 types: outside column, internal columns at 1 continuous and internal columns at 2 continuous for reinforced concrete structures at two to seven story with 3-meter floor height to 5-meter bay width, using a beam cross section of 25x65 cm and a column cross section of 25x25 cm. The study will analyze nonlinear statics comparable to nonlinear dynamics. For each case. In the nonlinear dynamic analysis, a method of lumped mass for dynamic analysis was applied and a plastic hinge at each end of the beam members was employed. From the study, Dynamic increase Factor for Progressive Collapse Analysis of Planar Frames 108 samples, it was found that analysis structure nonlinear static structures, the factors that affect the dynamic increase factor are the ratio of bending moments, number of layers, and type of structure. Which decreasing the bending moment ratio results in an increase in the Dynamic Increase Factor. An Increasing the number of layers will also result in an increase in the Dynamic Increase Factor. Under the same conditions, the structural characteristics had no significant effect on Dynamic Increase Factor, respectively. The experimental data sets were used to generate mathematical equations for Dynamic Increase Factor of Progressive Collapse by equation have error of 0.0-8.8 percent. the equation used for analysis is given in the form of an exponential function.
ฉัตรชัย อัครอำนวย
เกรียงศักดิ์ แก้วกุลชัย
Investigation of load carrying capacity of externally prestressed concrete frame
Prestressed concrete is a widely used construction material in various projects such as buildings, underground structures, offshore structures, power plants, and bridges such as cable-stayed bridges. The use as building components comprises prestressed concrete beams, post-tensioned slabs, and even truss structures. The application of prestressed concrete in frame structure is not well-known due to complexity and difficulties in design and construction. This study investigates the use of prestressed concrete in a frame structure on its behavior and determines whether its safety remains within acceptable limits. A case study is used as an example and modeled using the structural analysis program SAP2000. Results are analyzed at several stages : transfer, service, and ultimate stages, and the arrangement of live load is also taken into consideration.
Model of Building Implosion for The Purpose of Building Demolition
The purpose of this study was to analyze the collapse pattern of the building from the established model. The process of studying and finding a suitable collapse pattern of the building that can be used to develop a building demolition with blast force. By creating a building model with a ratio of 1:10 of the actual building size and hypothesizing the collapse pattern of the building by determining the extent of the collapse from 25 building models. Along with collecting data on the direction of the building collapse and using the results to determine the test set by applying force to the points that are determined to cause the building failure. In order to bring the analysis results to create 3 models and apply the blast force to the specified points in the model to analyze the direction of the building collapse within the specified limits. And to compare the size of the building against the size of the explosives used in the test. From the study results, it was found that the collapse point of the model at the center of every column had the collapse direction of the building as hypothesized. The Collapse direction was down within the specified limits. Collapse patterns are suitable for the development of building implosion for future demolition.
ชยานนท์ เจริญรัตน์
ชาคริต แสงจันทร์
พงศกร พรมสวัสดิ์
Seismic Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Columns by Banding Reinforcement of Steel Flat Bar
Thailand is prone to higher level of earthquake risk. There is a concern that the columns of reinforced concrete buildings constructed before the enforced regulation of seismic force have insufficient strength to withstand earthquakes or shear failure characteristic that does not dissipate energy well. Therefore, the columns of buildings located in risky areas should be properly strengthening to increase the capacity and ductility. This study proposes a method of banding reinforcement of steel flat bar to increase shear strength and prevent longitudinal buckling of longitudinal rebar. Efficiency determination of strengthening is made by testing reinforced concrete columns with a cross-sectional size of 200x300 mm2 and 1.25 m high under compressive and cyclic lateral loads. Test results show that steel flat bar strapping can change the failure mode from shear failure to flexural failure. The banding is not only increased higher lateral capacity but also significantly improved ductility and energy dissipation. Therefore, the proposed steel flat bar strapping is another option for seismic strengthening of RC columns of buildings that are not earthquake designed in Thailand.
อนันทพงษ์ กระจาย
Seismic Retrofit Methods of Eccentric Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings Following DPT 1303-57 and Building Control Act, B.E.2564
This article presents the seismic retrofit methods of eccentric existing building structure. The study found that when using the seismic acceleration value according to Building Control Act, B.E.2564 to the building built before B.E.2564 and located in Muang District Chiang Mai Province, the results shown unsafe and inadequate column strength and shear wall strength. Seismic upgrading is required for the existing building. Various seismic retrofit methods were used in this study such as adding new piles and foundations, adding new piles to existing foundations with new reinforcement lapping method, strengthening shear wall by Fiber Reinforced Polymer, FRP method, and adding new shear walls.
ภาณุภัค วิมลสันติรังษี
Seismic evaluation of Steel Buildings with Different Lateral Force-Resisting System and Ductility.
The objective of this study was to assess the seismic performance of steel structures with different structural systems, ductility and locations. The structural systems used in the study were divided into three categories: 1. Moment Resisting Frame 2. Concentric Braced Frame 3. Eccentric Braced Frame in each structural system consists of 3 ductility 1. Ordinary 2. Intermediate 3. special ductility of 8 floors buildings located in Mueang Chiang Mai and Bangkok. The design and assessment the seismic performances of the building were carried out by Nonlinear-Static Pushover Analysis method. The result also shows that, the failure behavior of structural steel building from elastic to inelastic behavior in the capacity curve with concern of masonry wall effects. Capacity curve that shows the relationship between base shear and roof displacement of structural steel building with vary lateral resisting system and ductility. The study is useful for guideline to select lateral resisting system and ductility to designing the earthquake resistant structural steel building. The results found that the Intermediate Moment Resisting Frame had exceeding the overstrength force of 2.36 times. The ability to absorb and dissipate energy depends on the ductility of the structure, which makes the structure more able to absorb and dissipate seismic energy. Regarding the structural impact, it was discovered that a Concentric Braced Frame could resist the strongest earthquake. Furthermore, the influence of the masonry wall improves the building’s earthquake resistance to be around 210%.
Comparative Study on Seismic Resistant Design Using Base Isolation System
Earthquakes are the most destructive natural hazards throughout human history. Seismic-resistant design is important in areas of the world where earthquakes are common as it can help to reduce the risk of loss of life and property damage. To reduce the effects of earthquakes on buildings, a base isolation system is a type of seismic-resistant design to improve the seismic performance of the buildings. This study investigates and compares the seismic performance of the buildings with and without the base isolation system. A seven-storey RC building is used as a target numerical model. The high-damping rubber bearings with three different damping ratio values are used as the seismic isolation device. The isolators are placed at the base of all columns of the building to lengthen the period of vibration of the building. This affects the reduction of the base shear which induced by the earthquake. According to International guidelines, isolators are designed based on support reaction under only gravity load after performing static analysis to obtain unfactored column loadings. The response spectrum analysis is used in dynamic analysis. The displacement of the base isolation system is larger than that of the fixed base buildings even as having lower story accelerations, story drifts ratios, and story shears. The high-damping rubber bearings have a high damping coefficient which can dissipate a significant amount of energy during an earthquake, reducing the seismic forces and displacements on the structure.
Effects of Strap Footing-Structure Interactions on Structural Responses Under Earthquake Loadings
This article focused on a three-storey reinforced concrete building structure located on strap footing foundations and studied two cases: the non-seismic design building and the earthquake-resistant design building. The study took into consideration the building design standards for earthquake resistance of the Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning standards 1302-52, as well as the interaction between the foundation structure and the soil. The study compared the size of the strap footing foundations located near the three types of soil layers (sand, soft clay and hard clay) to compared with fixed foundations and assessed structural damage according to Federal Emergency Management Agency standards, (FEMA 356) by considering the plastic rotation angle that occurs in structural parts during earthquakes. The results showed that the structure on strap footing foundations on soft clay layers were able to reduce base shear and structural damage caused by earthquakes more effectively than those with fixed foundations.
วิศรุต จันทร์สุวรรณ
สุชาติ ลิ่มกตัญญู
Seismic Strengthening of Weak Column Reinforced Concrete Exterior Frames Using Joint Bracing Struts
There have been many seismically vulnerable buildings with non-seismically designed reinforced concrete buildings in the northern area. This study presents a test of three externally reinforced concrete beam-column joints under cyclic loading. The first specimen was a strong beam-weak column exterior frame. The remaining two frames were the same as the first frame, but with joint bracing made of either rectangular hollow steel or non-shrinkage mortar-infilled hollow steel. The test results showed that the specimen without bracing failed due to severe diagonal cracking, which rapidly reduced the lateral load; the maximum load is 15.02 kN. The rectangular hollow steel and non-shrinkage mortar-infilled hollow steel bracing respectively increased the cyclic load by 64.86% and 157.27% in average compared with that of the specimen without bracing. All specimens had diagonal cracks around the joint area. At the ultimate state, local buckling of the bracing strut close to the weld between the bracing strut and steel plate was found.
ชยานนท์ หรรษภิญโญ
ปิยะพงษ์ วงค์เมธา
กิตติศักดิ์ ขอนเอิบ
The application of pre-tensioned rubber pads in vibration suppression of prestressed concrete beams
The main objective of this research is to use the rubber pads to increase damping ratio of the beam in order that the beam vibration should be eventually suppressed. In this study, the rubber pad was securely attached to underneath of the prestressed 20 meter in length I beam. The vibration test was carried out by using a concrete cube 50x80x40 cm to impact the beam and the results were used to calculate the damping ratio. There are in total 4 test schemes. The first scheme is the vibration test of the beam without rubber pad strengthening. The second third and fourth scheme are the beam with 1 3 and 5 rubber pads respectively. The test results showed that the PC I beam has damping ration around 1.34%. After strengthening with single rubber pad, the damping ration of the beam is 1.68%. When 3 and 5 rubber pads were used, the damping ratio of the beam is 1.99 and 3.31 respectively. The test results revealed that the prestress rubber pads could help to increase damping ratio up to twice when 5 rubber pads were used. The application of rubber pads to suppress real bridge vibration should be further study.
นครินทร์ ชาญณรงค์
Sensitivity Analysis of Punching Shear Capacity of concrete bridge deck: a case study of Sirilak Bridge, Ratchaburi province
Thailand has an increasing rate of transport, especially land transport and traffic on bridge structures. The increase in vehicular traffic has resulted in damage to the bridge deck due to the tendency of the load to increase and the load acting on the bridge structure over a long period. The bridge condition assessment must consider the loading behavior and the current condition of the bridge structure to ensure maximum safety for drivers and road users. As a result, the Sirilak Bridge, Amphoe Mueang Ratchaburi, Ratchaburi province, serves as a case study to conduct a non-destructive examination of the bridge health and apply field data to develop a mathematical model with analytical equations for predicting the load under the punching shear failure of the bridge deck. The results demonstrated that the reduction in concrete compressive strength affected the initial stiffness and applied load capacity. The crack propagation of the bridge deck has also reduced.
ปฏิภาณ สางห้วยไพร
The Effects of Flooding Conditions on Dynamic Behaviour of Ballasted Railway Tracks
Ballasted track is the most used track structure in Thailand, which are expanded nationwide due to their ease and speed of construction which make them a cost-effective solution for the railway industry. However, with global warming causing more volatile weather conditions and heavy rain, which leads to multiple occurrences of flooding in Thai railway structures. Therefore, the impact of flooding on the dynamic behaviour of the ballasted track structure should be investigated. Although the impact of flooding on the dynamic behavior of ballasted-track structure has been extensively studied, the effect of washed away conditions on sleeper mode shape and natural frequencies has not been thoroughly explored. This study found that the sensitivity of natural frequencies under loss of supporting layer varies for each fundamental mode, with lower modes being more sensitive. The natural frequency initially increases at 25% loss of support but then reduces to a similar value at a fully washed away condition prior to support loss. The first and second mode shapes are not significantly affected by the loss of support. However, for the third mode shape, if the supporting layer is asymmetrical, the mode shape will change due to the unevenness of the ballast layer.
รตภัทร หวังทวีทรัพย์
A Study of Structural Lifting to Replace Elastomeric Bearing Pad for Chalerm Maha Nakhon Expressway
Most of the expressway structures consist of a superstructure and a substructure, with “elastomeric bearing pads” installed between the two structures to support the superstructure weight and vehicle weight, also to support the movement of the structure. From a preliminary survey, it was found that some locations of the Chalerm Maha Nakorn Expressway's elastomeric bearing pads had deteriorated due to their service more than 30 years, causing the structural behavior around the supporting base to be inconsistent with the design. Therefore, the replacement of elastomeric bearing pads and other related materials is needed in order to maintain the expressway structure to continue operate safely and efficiently. This paper aims to study the process of replacing elastomeric bearing pads, including surveying and assessing the damage of elastomeric bearing pads, analyzing and designing of lifting structures guideline, analyzing structure before lifting operate and initiating the procedure of lifting the structure to replace the elastomeric bearing pads. In this study, the elastomeric bearing pads replacement process was considered under the important condition, that is, the expressway must be able to provide service continuously, with the safety of the expressway users and people traveling along the expressway or people living in the vicinity at all times.
อิศราพงษ์ ขานทอง
Interference Effect between High-Rise Buildings on Local Peak Pressure by Wind Tunnel Test
This research is to study the effect of neighboring buildings in different arrangements on the wind load coefficient of the main building by testing in a wind tunnel using the Local Pressure Measurement method. The wind load coefficients of the main building without adjacent buildings (single building) were compared with the main building that was obscured from neighboring buildings at various distances and presented in the form of wind disturbance factor values. (Interference Factor) in the main building with neighboring buildings at the specified location. The results of the study showed that the wind load coefficients of the main building with neighboring buildings in the oblique manner result in higher maximum suction coefficients than those with neighboring buildings in the same line. The interference effects between the two tall buildings for the maximum pressure coefficients and the maximum suction coefficients at each measurement point of the main building with adjacent buildings are presented and discussed.
ชุติสุดา ผดุงโอษฐ
Associate Professor Dr. Virote Boonyapinyo
ดร.จิรวัฒน์ จันทร์เรือง
Structural Analysis of Rotating Wind Turbines with Computational Fluid Dynamics
Nowadays, alternative energy plays an increasing role in human daily life. Wind is one of the most popular energy sources and continues to grow in industry. For this reason, the study of wind turbine structure is interesting. This research analyzes the wind forces applied to a 5 MW turbine, which widely used in the electric power industry. For wind analysis, the condition that the wind turbine can generate maximum electricity at wind speed 11.4 m/s was applied at the same time with rotating turbine at a speed of 12 rpm. There are two parts in this research. Firstly, the simulation and model calibration, a model with concurrent rotating turbine blades was used, which would be behaviorally more accurate, to determine the aerodynamic wind forces acting on the structure evaluated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The results obtained from the analysis were found close to previous studies. Next, the obtained results of wind forces were applied to the structure of turbine tower based on a simple structural model to study effect of steel thickness to structural responses under AISC 360-10 provision. It was found that the turbine tower was strong enough under such wind conditions.
A Study of Behavior of Reinforcement Steel Embedded in Corrugated Duct
This research aims to study the behavior and failure characteristics of precast concrete structure joints using reinforcing steel embedded in galvanized corrugated duct. The fours mixing ratio between non-shrink grout and Portland Cement Type 1 will be used as grouting material to fill in corrugated duct are 1:0, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. The tensile strength and behavior of this type of joint due to the joint strength that developed between reinforcing steel and grouting material in corrugated duct will be investigated. From the test results, it was found that the behavior of reinforcing steel working in corrugated steel pipes together with cementitious materials in the ratio of 1:0, 1:1 and 1:2 can support the tensile strength until failure at the steel reinforcement. In terms of behavior of reinforcing steel working in corrugated steel pipe with binder in ratio 1:3 may not be clear. Due to the tensile behavior of the reinforcing steel of 1 of the 3 test specimens, it was unable to support the tensile strength until failure occurred at the reinforcing steel.
Post-fire Tensile Strength of Glass Fiber-reinforced Polymer Rebars
This study aims to investigate the effect of elevated temperatures on the mechanical behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars in terms of their tensile strength. To achieve this, GFRP rebars with diameters of 16, 20, and 25.4 mm were subjected to thermal processing at a constant heating rate of 20 °C/min, with target temperatures of 25, 100, 200, 300, and 400 °C. The results showed that the tensile strength of the GFRP rebars was higher than that at room temperature when subjected to combustion temperatures of 100 and 200 °C, but decreased significantly at 300 °C. Moreover, the tensile strength of the GFRP rebars decreased dramatically in a nonlinear manner at temperatures beyond 400 °C. It was also found that the tensile strength of the larger diameter rebar was marginally higher than that of the smaller diameter rebar for the tested sample size of GFRP rebars at a single temperature of combustion.
A Study of the Bond of GFRP Rods in Concrete and the Internal Forces of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Rebars and a GFRP Rod
The objective of this research was to study the bond strength of GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforce Polymer) rods embedded in concrete and to study the internal force behavior of concrete beams strengthened with rebars and a GFRP rod by using Near-Surface-Mount system (NSM). Concrete sample for bond strength test was a cubic size of 150 mm, whereby a GFRP rod was embedded in the concrete at different embedment lengths and edge distances from the concrete surface. The rebar or GFRP bar was bonded with epoxy inside the prepared grooves. The beams used to study the internal force behavior had a cross section of 150x250 mm and a length of 2000 mm. Reinforced concrete beam samples were strengthened with a rebar and a GFRP rod, and they were tested under four-points bending. Test results had showed that bonding of a GFRP rod to concrete groove with epoxy could provide better bond strength than embedding GFRP rods directly into concrete. An increase in embedded length of the GFRP rod into the concrete resulted in a greater pullout load, but the bond strength would decrease. In addition, increasing the concrete cover (edge distance) of the GFRP rod did not increase the bond strength. The investigation of the internal forces in concrete beams revealed that concrete beams reinforced with GFRP rods showed lesser bending force and stiffness after crack than those reinforced with rebars, because GFRP rod has a lower modulus of elasticity than rebar. Moreover, strengthening concrete beams with GFRP rod would provide greater bending force compared to the control beam, but they did not increase the stiffness of the beams after crack.
วรากร อุ่นสมบัติ
Joint Behavior of Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beam
This article presents behavior of reinforced concrete beam using four-point bending test which the beam-to-beam is connected with ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) and non-shrink concrete. The objective of the study is to evaluate the performance of the connection in transferring the force at the beam and to observe the effect the connection on critical area. The specimen has a dimension of length 700 mm x width 150 mm x height 150 mm. The dimension of the specimens is chosen considering the size of the concrete form and the loading frame. The design compressive cylinder strength chosen is 320 ksc at 28 days air curing. Deformed steel bars with nominal diameter of db is equal to 12 mm of SD40 grade are used as tension member. Test parameters are bar overlapping length and ration of UHPC with depth of beam. The middle-span connection consisting of the overlapping lengths of 3db, 6db and 9db. Three different UHPC thickness varying from 50 mm, 75 mm and 100 mm of the beam depth. In total, 30 specimens are cast and tested with 3 specimens of each condition. Failure mode, crack pattern and load-slip response are recorded and discussed under the different test parameters. Results of the study overlap And the depth that can receive the most force is 85.05 kN in the span at 9 times the diameter of the steel reinforcement, 100 mm deep, but the strength is 43 less than that of the unconnected beam, which is 148.11 kN. percent
นฤสรณ์ ศรีสวัสดิ์
Effects of Interface Bonding Agent and Surface Roughness on the Direct-Shear Bond between Existing Concrete and New Concrete
Bonding new concrete on existing concrete for structural repair or strengthening must consider the various transferring forces occurred at the connection such as tensile, compression, and moment. One of the important transferring force is the shear force which depends on various factors. This research is the study of the parameters affecting on the direct-shear bond between existing concrete and new concrete. The sample used in the direct-shear bond test was a cylinder, diameter 150 mm, length 300 mm, connected in the middle between the existing concrete and the new concrete. The parameters of this study were: (1) two different types of the surfaces of existing concrete defined as smooth surfaces and rough surfaces; and (2) various types of bonding agent (Epoxy resins, Latex, Cement glue and Crystallization). The results of this study were found that the interface with rough surfaces would provide a better direct-shear bond than smooth surfaces. The use of the bonding agent as the interface layer, especially epoxy resin, would enhance significantly the direct-shear bond.
Minimizing Gable Roofing Materials in Proactive Design Phase by Using a Genetic Algorithm to Estimate the Purlin Spacings
The purpose of this research was to apply a genetic algorithm to determine the spacing of gable roof purlins to minimize the roof tiles. In this research, drawings and detail specification of a 4-storey reinforced concrete building with a gable roof was used to develop a 3D model with the level of development (LOD) 350 using BIM Software. Then, determine the options of purlin spacing according to the engineering principles and requirements of material manufacturers. The parameters used to calculate the quantity of roof tiles are purlin spacing, king post height, width, and length of the roof. The heights of king post varied from 3.00-5.00 meters. Then a single-objective genetic algorithm was designed and used to optimize the quantity of corrugated tiles. It revealed that the quantity of roof tiles obtained from the genetic algorithm method was equal to the shop drawing, which was 3,310 tiles. It showed that the genetic algorithm method together with building information modeling (BIM) can be used to optimize purlin spacing well. Therefore, genetic algorithm is another alternative providing good results in construction process, which can be applied to minimize the construction materials or reduce the amount of wasting materials in response to the sustainable development.
The application of Building Information Modeling for water resource management
This article presents the application of Building Information Modeling for water resource management. BIM is a process that integrates work at various stages of design and construction, including interior building systems, with the goal of reducing steps, complexity, conflicts, and problems caused by incorrect data and the management of building resources. Consideration of the adequacy of the pipe size within the building in relation to the usage volume is importance in reducing the water and material costs of the project. This research aims to study compare the cost of materials used and the actual cost of using water resources within the building, which results in accurate material quantities and costs for planning the appropriate use of water resources within the building.
ปิยรัตน์ เปาเล้ง
ศิริศักดิ์ คงสมศักดิ์สกุล
ไกรโรจน์ มหรรณพคุณ
เอกพิสิษฐ์ บรรจงเกลี้ยง
Conceptual experiment on wave attenuation due to mangrove root systems
As waves propagate into a mangrove forest, the waves energy will be reduced due to two main factors, i.e. the bed friction and the drag force from the trunks and roots of mangrove trees, particularly in case of prop root system of Rhizophora. This paper presents a conceptual experiment in the laboratory to study the hydrodynamic and botanical factors affecting wave attenuation when moving through prop root system of Rhizophora models. The experiment was carried out in a 16-m long, 60-cm wide, 80-cm deep wave flume, in which regular waves were generated. The stems and roots of Rhizophora models were made with steel bar. The independent variables of interest were the wave steepness, the water depth relative to root height, the width of root line and the density of mangrove trees, as well as the dependent variable was the wave reduction. As the wave steepness, the width of root line and the density of mangroves increased, the wave reduction also increased. While as the water depth relative to the root height increased, the wave reduction decreased. This study also presents an empirical formula to predict the wave reduction from the aforementioned factors.
ธรรมนูญ รัศมีมาสเมือง
เอกลักษณ์ โอดสะอาด
พณิชพล วัชรพงศ์ธนสาร
ปฏิพล วงษ์พระจันทร์
สิริชล คามีศักดิ์
Nonlinear Response of Marine Riser due to Ocean Wave and Internal Flow
A marine riser is a flexible pipe used in offshore production. The application of the marine riser is in the form of production, and flow lines. According to environmental conditions, marine risers may experience large displacement and encounter with nonlinear dynamic responses. From literature review, there are a limit of research concerning riser transporting unstable flow. This paper presents the nonlinear response of marine risers while the riser undergoes large displacement. The equation of motion is derived based on the work-energy principle. The nonlinear finite element model formulation is then developed for solving the numerical results. In this study, the nonlinear responses of the marine riser are determined by using the Newmark time integration procedure. The effects of wave amplitude, wave frequency, current speed, and internal flow on the nonlinear response of marine risers are evaluated. It found that wave frequency would affect the response of riser quite a lot both in normal and tangential displacements. However, the effects of wave amplitude and frequency of the internal fluid rarely affect the response of riser.
ภาคิน วัฒนอังกูร
Physical Modeling of Flotilla Wave Reducer System for Mitigation of Erosive Beach Profile
Beach profile evolution is an energetic natural phenomenon which directly affects the coastal community, sometimes in an unfortunate form of shorefront erosion and shoreline retreat. For prevention of such miserable outcomes, a revolutionary patented Flotilla wave reducer system was developed and its physical model was tested here in a laboratory wave flume. Unprotected beach profiles evolving under various wave conditions were first recorded over the time and, more importantly, at their equilibrium states. The Flotilla model was later positioned in the flume before the tests were repeated for finding a new set of beach profiles under its protection. The two sets of resulting profiles were then compared to evaluate the effectiveness of the Flotilla system. As per the results, the following significant features were found in the presence of the structure: 1) reduced overall shorefront erosion due to smaller wave run-up, 2) much flatter sandbar troughs due to less intensive wave breaking, and 3) less pronounced sandbar crests located closer to the shoreline, due to smaller pre-breaking waves. The morphodynamics underlying these features could be very complex, yet the Flotilla structure introduces a straightforward principal alteration in the process. It functions to attenuate incident waves thus allowing milder wave conditions to impose on the beach profiles which, therefore, evolve to an unsurprisingly less erosive pattern at the equilibrium states.
The Projection of Shoreline Changes in Tourism Beaches, Phuket Province
The Coastal area in Phuket has high utilization of tourism. Declining the beach area affects the country's economic value. This study aimed to propose projection of the shoreline changes in 2100 B.E. from 3 scenario: The shoreline change in the future based on historical data analysis by Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS), sea level rise from Bruun model, and GENESIS model. By analyzing historical shoreline changes from the 2008–2022 B.E. with satellite imagery. Tourism beaches in Phuket, including Nai Thon Beach, Kamala Beach, Patong Beach, Karon Beach and Kata Beach. The historical rate of shoreline change is -1.73 to -0.43 m./year. The rate of shoreline change in the future from historical data analysis is -25.90 m., from sea level rise at SSP1 2.6 is -32.66, SSP5 8.5 is -53.81 m. and GENESIS model is 9.98 m. The result showed coastal erosion when considering the historical shoreline change trend and the projection of sea level rise. Coastal area will be accretion in the future if considering the long-term change by GENESIS model, which is not concern the sea level rise and cross-shore sediment transport. This study will apply as a guideline for managing the coastal areas of tourism beaches in Thailand.
นิรัตติยากร แสนนาใต้
สมปรารถนา ฤทธิ์พริ้ง
การระบุแนวชายฝั่งด้วยชุดเครื่องมือ CoastSat พื้นที่ศึกษาหาดท่องเที่ยวจังหวัดภูเก็ต
Coastal zones have many varieties of land uses. Not only the increasing rates of sea level rise and more intensity and frequency of storm surge because of climate change but also annually beach erosion is another important factor to consider for protecting the coast from damage. Especially, the tourism beach that has high economic value. Then, shoreline detection is the key parameter to analyze the coastal processes. It is necessary to use aerial photo or satellite image in the shoreline detection process, but most of them are not open-access data. The aim of this study is to analyze the shoreline changes of tourism beaches located in the western part of Phuket Island, Thailand. The shoreline position in this study was detected by CoastSat toolkit, which has API to access with Google Earth Engine. CoastSat uses the image classification method to consider the shoreline position automatically by using open-source satellite images from 2013 to 2021 analysis period to address the limitations associated with accessing data sources. The result showed that 8 study locations face erosion problem with the rates from -0.96 to -4.10 m/yr. This result can be implemented for decision making the appropriate adaptation plan in the future.
ภัทรกร นิธินรางกูร
Near Real Time (NRT) Flood Forecasting for the Great Chao Phraya River Basin using Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation Model
A flood is a major natural disaster caused by heavy rainfall and rain accumulated for a long time that causes severe problems and extensive damage to socio-economic and ecological systems. The flood problem has become more severe in Thailand, with higher damage value. The World Bank’s estimate for the 2011 Thailand flood has estimated 1,425 trillion baht in economic damages and losses. Near-Real-Time (NRT) flood forecasting is crucial to avoid damage from flood disasters. This study proposes an NRT flood forecasting approach in the Great Chao Phraya River Basin, Thailand. The Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation model first simulated river discharge and inundation depth from observed data such as rainfall, evaporation, and dam release. Then, 10-day forecasted rainfall from the Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) and previous results were used to simulate flood forecasting. The discharge hydrograph and flood inundation map from the NRT flood forecasting model provide flood forecasting to reduce the emergency response time to flood disasters to minimize flood damage in the Chao Phraya River Basin, Thailand. However, the NRT flood forecasting model had an error in the flood simulations that could be coming from the systematic accumulated errors in the model. Therefore, this preliminary study will lead to further development with more accuracy and precision.
พงษ์สิทธิ์ ผลสมบูรณ์
Simulation of Surface Flow Conditions Influenced by Additional Flow from Stream Networks: a Case Study of the Chi River Basin Part 4
The purpose of this study is to apply the SWAT hydrological model to analyze surface water flow conditions in the Chi River that flows through the Chi River Basin Part 4, which is a sub-basin of the Chi River Basin in the Northeast. In the implementation, the additional flow from the river network that flows into the Chi River is taken into account, namely the Phong River in the upstream area and the Lam Pao River in the downstream area, respectively. The results indicate that the SWAT model has a reasonable performance in estimating runoff when considering the statistical indices R2, NS, and PBIAS, respectively, after comparison with data from four monitoring stations. For the simulation of the amount of runoff that flows into the Chi River, it was found that there was a dynamic change during the study period between 1992 - 2021 (30 years). The simulated results of annual average runoff at the exit point of the sub-basin receiving runoff from Phong River, Chi River and Lam Pao River were 1,630, 288 and 853 cubic meters per second, respectively. The overall results are close to the runoff at the outlet point of the study area. In analyzing the volume of runoff received from the stream network during the rainy season, it was found that the volume of runoff added to the main river was about 68 - 70 percent, while during the dry season it decreased between 29 - 31 percent. Consequently, the methodology and results obtained from this study are expected to be used to communicate and understand stakeholders as well as provide important information for decision-making in water management planning in the Chi River Basin Part 4 and other basin areas with similar physical characteristics.
วินัย เชาวน์วิวัฒน์
อนงค์ฤทธิ์ แข็งแรง
รัตนา หอมวิเชียร
สมพินิจ เหมืองทอง
จิรวัฒน์ ศุภโกศล
Study of flood risk areas flash flood in the Nam Mun Basin
Flooding is a risk in the barren watershed; a flash flood occurs almost every year. The reason for this is that the area is slanted And because of the barren river's flat area, combined with the barren river, the river is not wide enough when it is raining continuously; the amount of water flows quickly, so it cannot be drained in time So there is an issue. The Department of Mineral Resources is currently establishing a watershed monitoring network. However, there are no tools or risk maps to predict the amount of rain. The goal of this study is to investigate flow and movement conditions. and create a map of flood-prone areas. The flash flood The 24-hour cumulative precipitation criteria were 60, 90, 150, and 200 mm/day. In this study, the waste from rainfall was analyzed using the MIKE11 (RR) model, and the flow conditions in the river were calculated using the MIKE11 (RR) model (HD). Flood movement analysis. The flow rate in the Han River takes 54 hours from upstream to the confluence with the Huang River. On August 13, 2001, the highest flow rate was 89.392 m3/sec at station 021101 and the Huang River confluence. 168.738 m3/sec, then simulated the river's water level on different forecast days and forecasted levels based on the precipitation criteria. The results of 7-day forecasting of water in advance using the MIKE11 (DA) model, with the deviation from day 1 to day 3, were the most accurate, with values of 0.207, 0.174, and 0.157 m. The predicted water level was then used to generate a wild water map. flash flooding. The MIKE FLOOD model was used to determine that the area is prone to flash floods areas totaling 6,745, 7,095, 7,884, and 8,026 rai; community areas totaling 207, 301, 414, and 424 rai; and buildings totaling 212, 309, 410, and 423 rai. Maps that will be used for alerts as well as planning or organizing evacuation zones. That is safe and on time, and in the future, areas at risk in project development, the map can be taken into consideration when planning different projects by government agencies.
Streamflow Estimation in The Chi and Ping Basins Using an Artificial Neural Network Model
Efficiently evaluating runoff is crucial for water management. Among the data-driven models applied to the rainfall-runoff relationship, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model stands out for its ability to estimate runoff based solely on meteorological data. However, its results have been deemed unsatisfactory, prompting several studies to improve its accuracy. Some of these have used antecedent streamflow or separating components (direct flow and base flow) to enhance accuracy. In this study, we used antecedent and cumulative rainfall predictors representing streamflow components to estimate runoff in the Upper Chi River basin and Upper Ping River basin. The results demonstrate that the ANN model has the potential for accurately assessing runoff, particularly in the upper Chi River basin with the average NSE of 0.87, while the upper Ping River basin has an average NSE of 0.75. Furthermore, the ANN model outperformed the NAM model in terms of NSE R2 RMSE, except for KGE.
เปรม รังสิวณิชพงศ์
The Relationship between the Water Level and the Flow Cross-sectional Area of the River in the Northeastern Basin of Thailand
The purpose of this research was to find the relationship between the water level and the cross-sectional area of the river in the Northeastern watershed by considering at the location of the hydrometer installation station of the Hydro-Informatics Institute (HII) in the Mekong, Chi and Mun rivers Total of 10 stations with flow velocity measurement with Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data were collected during the rainy and dry seasons. The results of the field tests were then used to analyze the flow velocity. Mean flow rate and flow cross-sectional data. The results were used to expand the water level and river flow cross-sectional data. Considering the rise and fall of the water level in a time-series model, the result is the correlation of the cross-sectional area and the flow depth at different ranges of values. It is part of the development of applications for measuring flow rates using video imaging techniques. Together with the water level data from the HII telemeter station.
Variability of the Large Reservoir’s Water Inflow in Thailand
The inflow of water into the reservoir is crucial for managing water during both drought and flooding. This study intends to investigate Thailand's Large reservoirs' fluctuating inflow. The reservoir’s water Inflow data recorded by the Royal Irrigation Department (RID) and the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) were utilized in this research. The annual reservoir’s inflow, inflows of wet season, and inflows of dry season of each reservoir were analyzed using the general statistical method and the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test (MK), significant level p-value 0.05. The results indicated that the 5 reservoirs’ yearly inflows had a significant increase trend, but the annual inflows of 2 reservoirs showed a notable reduction trend. In the rainy season, 5 reservoirs had also a remarkable inflows trend. Moreover, 6 reservoirs’ inflows of dry season showed a significant rise trend while 4 reservoirs had had a significant drop trend of inflow. The finding of this study will be useful for the sustainable reservoir management of all 35 reservoirs and monitoring water shortage in the dry season, especially Bhumibol, Khun Dan Praharnchon, Nam Un, and Mae Ngad Reservoirs.
เมธาฤทธิ์ แนมสัย
Comparison of Radar Rainfall Nowcasting Performance between S-PROG and LINDA Techniques
The weather radar technology has been widely accepted for nowcasting rainfall and has the potential to enhance the efficiency of early warning systems. However, it is still necessary to verify the suitable of nowcasting techniques for specific regions based on their rainfall patterns and topography. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of two nowcasting techniques, namely the S-PROG and LINDA, in order to determine an efficient approach for nowcasting rainfall patterns within the Sattahip radar radius. Reflectivity data from the Sattahip Radar Station at 6-minute intervals was collected and the lead-time for nowcasting was set at 6, 12, ..., 120 minutes during 14 heavy rain events in 2021. The results of the study indicated that the S-PROG technique was capable of nowcasting rainfall on a large scale but lacked the ability to simulate small-scale rainfall clouds. Conversely, the LINDA technique was able to simulate a variety of rainfall patterns, including merging, splitting, and preservation of the center of the storm. The effectiveness of the nowcasting techniques was evaluated using the Critical Success Index (CSI) and Correlation metrics. The results showed that the LINDA demonstrated superior qualitative and quantitative performance which outperformed the S-PROG technique. The range of CSI values for the S-PROG and LINDA techniques were 0.87 - 0.45 and 0.81 - 0.42, respectively. The range of correlation values for the S-PROG and LINDA techniques were 0.85 - 0.15 and 0.89 - 0.18, respectively.
รัชชานนท์ คุณวิเศษกุล
Analysis of Drought Risk Areas in the Huai Sam Mor Basin Using the Generalized Monsoon Index
Huai Sam Mor is a subbasin of upper Chi River basin, located in northeast of Thailand. The water crisis in this area is a water shortage caused by drought. Drought in this area is affected by several factors, such as insufficient rainfall, an inadequate or rather shallow reservoir, and a low capacity for water absorption in the soil. a poor water-holding capacity of soil. The objective of this research was to analyze the drought risk area in the Huai Sam Mor basin using the Generalized Monsoon Index (GMI), which is the agriculture drought investigation to analyze the water scarcity that affects plants growing during the monsoon season, incorporating comprehensive information of meteorology, hydrology, and geographic information system. There were 4 stations in this river basin where the Department of Meteorology collects rainfall data. The results reveal that the frequency of extreme drought events in the Southwest Monsoon of Khokphochai district was 42 percent of all events, while the Phu-Khiao district accounted for 42 percent of all events. In addition, the frequency of the extreme drought event in the Northeast Monsoon of Khon-Sawan district was 44 percent of all events, and Phu-Khiao district was 22 percent of all events.
กิตติเวช ขันติยวิชัย
Using the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis Evaluate Water Discharge and Sediment Load in Upper Yom Basin
Using climate data to estimate runoff and sediment loads with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model requires relevant multivariable climate data. The measurement data is not comprehensive and complete, especially in small watersheds. The objective of this research is to calculate the water and sediment yield in the upper Yom River basin using the SWAT model with climate data from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and rainfall data from the stations within the watershed. Calibration and verification of the runoff of the models of Y.20, Y.24, Y.31 and Y.36 in the water year 1991-2020, the PBIAS values of all 4 stations were in the range of -34.43-1.06 and -18.3-1.01, the R2 value was in the range of 0.65-0.87 and 0.59-0.86, the NSE value was in the range of 0.25-0.86 and 0.32-0.85 of the calibration and verification, respectively. As for the calibration and verification of suspended sediment at Y.20 stations during 2009-2020 and Y.24 during 1997-2020, the PBIAS values were in the range of -4.23-0.69 and -7.74-30.00, the R2 values were in the range of 0.59-0.83 and 0.59-0.83, the NSE values were in the range of 0.62-0.78 and 0.57-0.78 of the calibration and verification, respectively, which is a trustworthy value. Thus, it is shown that the application of data from CFSR is another approach, which is a suitable alternative for application to small watersheds where climate data is scarce for SWAT model as well.
The Simulations of Glacier Burst Flooding in Uttarakhand, India Using iRIC-Nays2DFlood
In February 2021, The Nanda Devi glacier brust in Uttarakhand, Northern India. It caused flooding in the Dhauliganga River and the Rishi Ganga River that impacted damage to life, property, and infrastructure in the downstream area. This research focused on flood simulations using iRIC-Nays2DFlood. The Foundation of Hokkaido River Disaster Prevention Research Center, Japan, has developed the model to test and simulate the Dhauliganga River and the Rishi Ganga River. The results revealed that iRIC-Nays2Dflood had consistent behavior and was very similar to the behavior of flood in the Dhauliganga River and the Rishi Ganga River. However, flooding in remote areas and no geographic, hydrological, or meteorological data. Furthermore, the results of simulations using iRIC-Nays2DFlood can be used to create animations that are easy to understand and can be applied to study the effects and flood preventive planning in the future.
นางสาวชลลดา ยวงใย
Evaluation of Flooding area in Lam Phra Phloeng River Basin using MIKE FLOOD
The Lam Phra Phloeng river basin is a big river basin located in Nakhon Ratchasima province. The Lam Phra Phloeng river basin faced a big experience flooding, that are flooding in 2010 and 2020, leading to the significant damage economic for local residents. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the flooding areas in the return period 5, 10, 25 and 100 years using MIKE FLOOD modelling, which includes sub-models such as MIKE NAM for analyzing the runoff volume based on rainfall data, MIKE-HD for simulating the runoff of a changing river over time, and MIKE 21 to simulate the two-dimensional free-surface flow conditions. Using daily data from April 1, 2008 to March 31, 2017 and the whole simulated test results, the MKE NAM model has a WBL between 1.0% - 12.3% and R value between 0.772 - 0.849. The MIKE-HD model has a NSE value between 0.906 – 0.916 and R2 value between 0.918 and 0.927. The results can be concluded that the flooding area in the return period 5, 10, 25 and 100 years. are 25.53, 37.28, 48.42, 55.63, 61.83 square kilometer, respectively, or 1.10% 1.60% 2.08% 2.39% and 2.66% of total area in the Lam Phra Phloeng river basin, respectively. The flooding areas covered the most of Tum sub-district in Pak Thong Chai district. The flooding area in the return period 5, 10, 25 and 100 years are 4.6, 6.35, 7.68, 8.58 and 9.56 square kilometer, respectively.
ธนภัทร อุทารสวัสดิ์
The Development Process Study and Groundwater Supply Management System, Lad Yai Sub-District, Mueang Samut Songkhram, Samut Songkhram
Lat Yai Sub-District, Mueang Samut Songkhram, Samut Songkhram is an area experiencing water shortage, water surface area cannot be stored sufficiently for consumption–consumption. Therefore, groundwater is another important source of water. The purpose of this study was to compare the designs of groundwater supply systems of the Department of Groundwater Resources in Lat Yai Sub-District, Mueang Samut Songkhram, Samut Songkhram. And design the groundwater supply system to have standards. Using the EPANET 2.0 math model to compare the model of groundwater supply system is the groundwater development project for small-scale consumption. The main components are an groundwater well, a tall tank tower with a capacity of 80 cu.m., and a water distribution pipe. The project model will be distributed according to the dwelling or water user group with water demand in each area in the sub-district. Compared to large-scale groundwater development projects for consumption, whose main components are groundwater wells, high tank tower with a capacity of 300 cu.m., together with a steel water tank with a capacity of 2,000 cu.m. and water distribution pipes. The project model will have a location at only one suitable point and distribute water to all areas in the sub-district. From the study results, it was found that large-scale groundwater development projects for consumption-consumables can distribute water to all areas in the sub-district with more cost-effectiveness than small projects. Calculated from the price of drilling a well project construction value water distribution system design and the rate of expenses for maintaining the project throughout its lifetime. However, the above values are only comparable results in Lad Yai sub-district. This may change according to the area conditions and the water consumption demand of different populations.
วิชญ์ธาร หนูนุ่ม
Flood Damage Assessment on Rice Field: Case Study for Cambodia
Flood is the primary natural hazard occurrence in Cambodia causing damage in both direct and indirect on majorities of development factor. Due to inadequate flood preparedness and mitigation, the damage estimation of flooding during historical extreme flood occurrences revealed significant damage to rice fields. The objective of this study was to estimate the damage value of rice over the whole country of Cambodia during the flood event in 2020. The flood map data in October 2020 through the World Food Program was used and overlaid with rice field map to generate rice damage map. The value of rice damage was estimated based on flood damage curve and average value of rice, showing value with different damage levels including 25%, 50%, and 100% damage. The resulting damage area was compared with government field-scale investigation and shown 66% consistency. From the result of this study are expected to support decision-making for better understanding of flood impact on rice to implement rice monitoring and update for planning to help mitigate damage impact and managing the restoration program over flood-vulnerable area after disaster.
Flood Management in MAHACHAI-SANAMCHAI Polder System
MAHACHAI-SANAMCHAI Polder System. It is project to speed up the drainage of flood water from the west area of Chao Phraya River in Bangkok Metropolitan area to the sea as soon as possible. Components of water management are water gate and pumping stations. KAEM LING MAHACHAI-SANAMCHAI will collect the flood from upper area and store in Mahachai-Sanamchai canal, main canal for receiving water of this project and pumping to the Tha Chin river and to the gulf of Thailand. In this study, focusing on water management in Mahachai-Sanamchai canal to alleviate flooding problems caused high sea level and increasing of water in Mahachai-Sanamchai canal. Especially, Bang Kradi, community in Bang Khun Thian, Bangkok. In this study, Simulation the hydrodynamic model with Mike11 Hydrodynamic model. The upstream control is at the Sanamchai pumping station and the downstream control is at the Mahachai watergate. Calibration and validation result with Manning’s n 0.030 is proper value with RMSE and R2 0.26 m. and 0.97 respectively. As a result, Water level from simulation in the program is 1.1 – 1.8 m. MSL. For protection flood problems from high level of the water in Mahachai-Sanamchai Canal, the recommended method is using water retaining wall at a height of 1.8 m. MSL with 100 years return period along the river bank of Mahachai-Sanamchai canal to alleviate flood problem.
ณัฐชัย รุ่งโรจน์วิทยกุล
นภาพร เปี่ยมสง่า
จิระวัฒน์ กณะสุต
Effects of Dam Construction on Salinity and Water Resources in Lower Bang Pakong Basin
Climate change is main factor of water level increment in the sea that affects all over the world and the gulf of Thailand to confront with problem of salinity intrusion in estuaries. Much damage from this problem, such as, management for industrials, agricultural and domestic water had been increased continuously. The purpose of this research aims to investigate hydraulic behaviors and assessment effect of salinity intrusion during dry season in Bang Pakong basin by using MIKE11 model. It was found that roughness coefficient n = 0.025 - 0.030, R2= 0.80-0.99, IA = 0.54-0.98, RMSE = 0.16-0.31 for Hydrodynamic (HD) module. Advection Dispersion (AD) modules, dispersion coefficients Df = 100-2000 m2/sec., R2,= 0.80-0.99 IA = 0.54-0.98 , RMSE = 0.16-0.31. By applied to study the effects of dam construction and water diversion to the Eastern Economic Corridor under the climate change situation, it was found that salinity will encroach to the river estuary longer distant than in the present, and will be impact on agricultural productivity and biodiversity in the future. Results from this study can use to estimate risk area from salinity, guidelines and adaptation plan for management of water resources and agriculture in Lower Bang Pakong basin.
Water Resources Study for Strategic Flood Risk Management in Ping, Nan, Chao Phraya River Basins
Thailand has been experiencing flood problems from the past to the present. This usually occurs during heavy rains and storms. As a result, the amount of water increased and flooded the houses until they were damaged. The geographic areas of the provinces are lowland areas and the passage of water, therefore, it is difficult to avoid flooding. In 2011, Thailand experienced the worst flooding, especially the northern region of Northeast and Central. For this research, the Nays2DFlood hydraulic model program was applied to study the hydraulic behavior of the Ping, Nan, and Chao Phraya river basins and proposed guidelines for managing flood-prone areas. The results showed that it is proposed to dredge the Copper Pipe Canal and divert water from the lower Ping River to the east bank into the Mae Raka Canal in Tak Province. In the Nan watershed area, the Bang Rakam Canal was proposed to be dredged and the water diverted from the Sirikit Dam to improve the drainage system. In the area of the Chao Phraya River Basin, it was proposed to set up monkey cheeks, water fields, dredging canals, and improve drainage canals. Prepare rainwater shelters, elevated roads, and water diversion. The results of the research can be applied to plan for managing flood-prone areas in the future.
กาญจนาภรณ์ บุญยัง
Flood Damage Map and Economic Loss Assessment by Google Earth Engine in Case of Rice in 2021 of Ayutthaya Province, Thailand
The central region of Thailand is the most economical flow. Nevertheless, Ayutthaya Province has suffered from flood events annually. Near real-time flood mapping has potential for flood damage reduction measurement. This flood map is generated, using Google Earth Engine (GEE) Cloud-based by gathering the global surface imageries from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) by analyzing the pre- and post-flooded images, with land use dataset from MODIS and digital elevation model (DEM) from WWF's HydroSHEDS to determine the affected areas and to evaluate direct-damage of rice in term of economic loss. This research concentrates on the damage matters to rice only. In 2021, a storm named Dian-Mu was the worst that impacted the central region of Thailand. As a result, Ayutthaya flooded over 475,512.36 RAI, and we estimated rice would be lost 1.877 billion THB.
The Study Potential of Nam Bueng Rom Project, Nakhonsawan Province
Nam Bueng Rom Project its total catchment area is approximately 27.58 square kilometers in Ban Rai and Lat Yao Sub-District, Lat Yao District, Nakhonsawan Province. This area has average rainfall only 1,139 mm./year. Mostly of the area is plain and slope. Bueng Rom is a large pond that can accommodate the amount of water from the fields during the rainy season. The peoples are using water from Bueng Rom for both consumption and agriculture including the Provincial Waterworks Authority which mainly uses water from Bueng Rom. Currently, Bueng Rom deteriorating. In the dry season, the amount of water is insufficient to meet the needs of the people. This study potential of Nam Bueng Rom project. Using the MIKE HYDRO BASIN Model in water balance analysis for ways to manage water in Bueng Rom reservoir project to provide guidance the model of water supply system. The study found that the cultivation of plants that use less water in the dry season. adding water channels to Bueng Rom and increasing the storage capacity of the swamp by dredging will help to increase the amount of water to meet the higher demand of farmers both now and in the future.
ธวัช เหล่าโรจน์ทวีกุล
Water Allocation Analysis with a Cost-effective Analysis of the Economics of Groundwater Development and Large-scale Long-distance Water Delivery to Solve the Problem of Water Shortage, Drought Crisis Si Somdet Subdistrict Si Somdet District Roi Et Provi
From the past drought situation, Thailand always have problem of water shortage every year. As a result, many areas have insufficient water not enough for consumption. cannot be used for consumption sufficiently which from the limited amount of surface water need to develop Groundwater from large groundwater sources makes water allocation analysis and economics analysis essential in measuring the investment in water supply of projects addressed by the area taken. to analyze, namely, the area of Si Somdet Subdistrict Si Somdet District Roi Et Province and Nong Fai Subdistrict, Lao Khwan District, Kanchanaburi Province The two areas are different in terms of topography and purpose of using water. by the area of Si Somdet Subdistrict Si Somdet District Roi Et Province There is a long-distance water delivery project. for people to use drinking water - consumption including delivering water to the hospital in this area, water for consumption will be analyzed. Including water sent to hospitals to help people. The amount of water received will be less than the estimate before the project. Due to the intrusion of salt water increases. Including the expansion of the population more At present, it is 3 years after doing the project. Causing the need to analyze the water allocation and the cost-effectiveness of the project again to be applied to nearby areas Nong Fai Subdistrict, Lao Khwan District, Kanchanaburi Province It is a project that has allocated water to the people, both drinking water - consumption. including irrigation water The irrigation water will be analyzed with the WUSMO program and the results will be analyzed for the entire water allocation system with the EPANET program, which will analyze like this in both areas. The expected results from this research study are Water allocation can be utilized appropriately and for maximum benefit. which must be allocated considering both the delivery time and the amount of water so that the water pipeline network can be delivered adequately This study guideline will make known effective and sustainable water allocation and water management for the people. Including the appropriate and sufficient water cost for managing the water distribution system in both areas For the area of Si Somdet Subdistrict Si Somdet District Roi Et Province At the water rate of 19 baht per cubic meter, the B/C value was 1.04 and the EIRR was 6.48 percent. and the area of Nong Fai Subdistrict, Lao Khwan District, Kanchanaburi Province The water tariff at 15 baht per cubic meter will result in a B/C of 1.01 and an EIRR of 6.16%.
พุธิตา ตั้งกิจวนิชกุล
Analysis of Thailand’s Budget for Capital Expenditures in Water Sector under the National Strategy: A Case Study of Fiscal Year 2023
In preparing the FY 2023 budget, the government gives priority to carry out missions to mobilize the country’s development according to the National Strategy. For FY 2023, the government set a budget of 3,185,000 million baht or 17.09 percent of the GDP. Water is one of the main issues in the National Strategy, the Master Plans under the National Strategy, the National Economic and Social Development Plan, Sustainable Development Goals, and the Master Plan on Water Resource Management. The analysis result shows that water budget is approximately 110,751 million baht or 25.5% of total capital expenditures. The targets are (1) to increase the country’s water security (2) to improve the productivity of water use and (3) to preserve and rehabilitate natural water source. National water budget consists of water budget inside and outside Integrated Program on Management of Water Resources approximately 54,100 and 65,200 million baht respectively or 48.8 % and 51.2 % of total water budget. The policy recommendation is development of monitoring and evaluation system of water budget use to meet the sustainable socio-economic development in Thailand National Strategy.
พงษ์ศักดิ์ สุทธินนท์
Water Management Transform via Data and New Techniques from Action Research to Policy Recommendations
According to the 20-year National Strategy, Strategic Master Plan for Innovation Research and Development (2018-2037), and the 12th National Economic and Social Development Plan, the water resource management strategy focuses on water resources as a production factor for economic growth. Based on such importance, the research project on “The Spearhead of Water Resources Management on 2nd phase” was established to create a body of knowledge and innovation for the country to have both quantitative and qualitative water resources that can support future growth through efficient and sustainable management. The 2nd phase of the research plan focuses on more efficient water management in order to save water, especially in the rainy season, and increase water budget for the next dry season by using modern technology to help as well as developing and evaluating the ability of water users to group, collect, analyze data, create plans, and implement pilot projects to enable better water use and receiving planning by themselves and in collaboration with agencies. This research will provide insights into the application of knowledge and research in the planning and implementation of water projects and policy recommendations for water resource planning, dam management and irrigation projects, and the development of water user groups to use water economically and worthily according to the goals in the master plan of the national strategy in the future.
สุจริต คูณธนกุลวงศ์
Resistant Behavior of Composite Rubber Wood Beams under Impact Loads
The research is aimed to study about the resistant action of assembled rubber wooden beams under their impact and another one of rubber wooden beams supplemented by carbon fiber sheet, by for testing the beam which has the length of 1.00 m, 1.50 m and 2.00 m by free fall drop the weight of 15 kg at 0.60 m, 0.80 m and 1.00 m height. The study of the resistant action of assembled rubber wooden beams under their impact is investigated between before and after they are supplemented by carbon fiber sheet. The result demonstrated that the rubber woods are considered as softwood following Thailand Engineering Standard (EIT). The information of impact testing when free fall drop the weight of beam just once showed the differences of deflection of assembled rubber wooden beams with carbon fiber and the ones with no carbon fiber. The deflection increasingly happened following to the height of the weight left. In the group of the length beams at 1.00 m, 1.50 m and 2.00 m found that rubber wooden beams with carbon fiber deflected less that found that rubber wooden beams with no carbon fiber at the percent of 30.43 to 33.33, 30.23 to 35.29 and 33.17 to 35.38 respectively. For testing the beams until blooming, it would find the aspect of the blooming of assembled rubber wooden beams with carbon fiber way tougher than the ones with no carbon fiber.
พงศ์ศักดิ์ ศุขมณี
Behavior of Composite Wooden Beams and Thin Steel Plate under Bending
The purpose of this research was to study the load-bearing, deflection and failure behaviors of wooden beams assembled from neem and rubber wood under bending. The assembled wooden beam has a cross-sectional size of 5 centimeters wide, 10 centimeters deep, and 140 centimeters long, connected by glue together with nails and reinforced with thin steel plates 2 centimeters wide along the entire length of the beam. A total of 4 profiles of beams were tested under a 4-point bending test. The deflection in the allowable range was recorded as L/156. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the neem and rubber wood used for the test were classified as softwood according to the standards of the Engineering Institute of Thailand (EIT). Timber beams assembled from neem can bear greater loads under bending than composite beams assembled from rubber wood about 26.28 percent because the effect of mechanical properties of neem wood was higher than that of rubber wood. When the 2 types of composite wooden beams are reinforced with thin steel plates. The average increase in the loading capacity of the neem wood beam was 9.23 percent, while the average increase in the rubber beam was 18.35 percent. When considering the failure behavior of the composite beams, it was found that the failure occurred at the junction of the composite beams with parallel-splinter crack failure characteristics.
Mechanical Properties of Ancient Bricks and Compressive Strength of Substitution Masonry for Ancient Building Preservation in Chiang Sean
This study aims to identify the mechanical properties of ancient bricks from the historical building in Chiang Sean. The mechanical properties investigated in the laboratory include the density, porosity, and compressive strength of bricks as a cube. This study also presents the experimental method for investigating the compressive strength and elastic modulus of substitution masonry prism with the binder. The specimen for this experiment was supported by the Department of Fine Art, by the substitution bricks made from the Department of Fine Art guidelines for use in the Thai historical structure preservation project. The binder of the masonry prism is slaked lime with a mixture of white cement to slack lime to sand equal 1:8:24. The masonry prism specimen is composed of 6 flatwise rectangular prism shape bricks with the dimension 15x30x5 cm3. This experiment uses the compressometer setting with the masonry prism to investigate the elastic modulus of the substitution masonry prisms stack. The result obtained from this study benefits ancient Thai building preservation, especially the historical building in Chiang Sean
ชวัลวิทย์ ภ่ารสงัด
วีรชาติ ตั้งจิรภัทร
สุทัศน์ ลีลาวทวีวัฒน์
Study and development of Inspection technique for Wire Strand Damages based on Magnetic Flux Leakage Detection
This paper presents the development of a nondestructive testing technique for detecting wire strand damages, which are often installed in large structures such as broadcast towers, cable-stayed bridges, and external post-tensioning. By inducing high magnetic field strength, the induced magnetic field is changed due to leakage flux around the area of wire strand damage. In order to study the features of these flux leakages, a 3-dimensional numerical model was created using a 15.2 mm-diameter wire strand with different artificial notches. Then the model was calculated by using Finite Element Method (FEM). The computation results showed the different patterns of magnetic flux leakage in relation to the degree of wire strand damage. Moreover, the numerical calculation results were validated by setting up the experiment similar to computation modeling to detect the magnetic field leakage by using a high sensitivity magnetic field sensor. The experimental results confirmed that flux leakage patterns had similar trends compared with the numerical results. Consequently, the outcome of this research can be used for designing and improving the inspection technique of in-serviced wire strand in large structures based on magnetic field detection.
The Bending Behavior of Glulam Wood Beams Made of Rubberwood and Plywood
This research is to study of load and deformation behavior of glulam wood beams made of rubberwood reinforced with a plywood. The rubberwood lumber size 5×2×50 cm, assemble with glue and reinforcing with plywood size 5×1×150 cm in the middle of section. Two forms of glulam wood beams were investigated experimentally comprising of stacking vertical form (1) and stacking horizontal form (2). The total by all patterns had the equally width of 5 cm, the thickness of beam had 4, 5, 8, 9 and 10 cm and length of 150 cm. Two methods of bonding wood beam consists of the glue only and the glue combined with nail. To take for study on bending behavior of glulam beam by using 3 point bending testing and using support length of 100 cm (ASTM D143). The deflection of beam equal to allowable deflection at L/360 or 0.277 cm. The result, It was found that the ultimate load acting on glulam wood beam reinforced with plywood were higher than that of glulam wood beam without reinforcement. The glulam beam fabricate with glue only had high bending strength more than Glulam beam fabricate with glue combined with nail. Because very soft wood properties of rubberwood had affect to low shearing strength for nail and cause for low bending strength of glulam beam fabricate with glue and nail.
ทวีศักดิ์ ทองขวัญ
เปรมณัช ชุมพร้อม
จุฑามาศ ลักษณะกิจ
Basics Properties of Cannabis Concrete from Cannabis Shiv Containing Fly Ash
This research presents the use of crushed dried cannabis shiv as coarse aggregate in concrete mixes. Dried cannabis shiv is crushed to a small size, using standard sieve No. 4# and No. 8# is 35 and 65 percent. Use the ratio (CS/C) = 0.16, use fly ash instead of hydraulic cement at the ratio of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 90 by weight. The ratio of hydraulic cement to fine aggregate (C:S) was 1:2. The ratio of water to hydraulic cement (W/C) was 0.48. The superplasticizer was used at 1% by weight of hydraulic cement. Using the ratio of 〖" Al" 〗_"2" "(" 〖"SO" 〗_"4" ")" : Ca〖"(OH" 〗_"2" ")" was 1: 2 for use as an alkaline solution, and the volume of the solution was used to improve the quality of the cannabis shiv at 54 % by weight of the cannabis core Before being used as a coarse aggregate. The compressive strength, unit weight, water absorption and volumetric dry shrinkage of cannabis concrete were tested. Compared with the control normal concrete set at 7, 14, 28 and 56 days of age. The results showed that at the age of 28 and 56 days compressive strength is in the range of 90.59 to 155.44 kg/sq.cm. unit weight 1,373 to 1,781 kg/cu.m. water absorption 9.23 to 25.13 percent and dry shrinkage 0.89 to 1.75 percent. From the test results, it was also found that The use of fly ash in place of increased amounts of cement significantly contributed to the development of increased and decreased strength of cannabis concrete. The optimal ratio for use that meets the criteria for the ACI213R-87 recommendation is the CSCF20 ratio.
ภาณุพงศ์ จันฤาไชย
ศักดิ์สิทธิ์ พันทวี
The Strength of Masonry Produced Using Hemp Hurd and Stalk with Bark of Hemp
This article presents the results of the strength test of soil cement blocks using chopped hemp for production mixed with Portland cement Type I, soil and water. The strength of the soil cement blocks were compared between soil cement blocks produced using hemp hurd and stalk with bark of hemp. The sample of soil cement block produced used 0.3 kg hemp hurd mixed with Portland cement type I in 5 different quantities including 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.00, 1.50 and 2.00 kg, and resulted with compressive strength of 0.48. 0.54 0.58 0.64 0.58 and 0.48 MPa respectively. The soil cement blocks produced used stalk with bark of hemp with different hemp contents in 4 conditions at 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 kg, their compressive strength were 2.88 2.53 1.02 and 0.58 MPa respectively. The result of the research concluded that soil cement blocks produced using stalk with bark of hemp was stronger than soil cement blocks produced using hemp hurd. In particular, the samples produced using stalk with bark of hemp for 0.3 and 0.4 kg had compressive strength which are within the non-load-bearing block standard. Therefore, it is suitable condition to improve strength of soil cement blocks by hemp pretreatment processed before using it as a material for the production of soil cement blocks and in further development of the material as energy efficient construction material.
รุ่งโรจน์ ฤกษ์หร่าย
ภาณุวัตน์ จ้อยกลัด
Stabilizing Recycled Asphalt Pavement with Large Aggregate
This research studied the properties of recycled asphalt cement pavement (RAP) from Highway No. 12 in the control area of 0201 Mae Lamao – Tak, between km. 74+000 to km. 76+607. The properties were improved by mixing aggregate materials. 1 inch (25 mm.) limestone, which is the largest size of aggregate in pavement design. AC60/70 grade asphalt cement binders were used to determine the properties of remaining asphalt cement in recycled asphalt concrete materials and determine the appropriate amount of asphalt cement in the mixing ratio. From the test, it was found that the appropriate amount of asphalt cement, for used in designing the mixing ratio was 0.8%. Then, the mix ratio designing was made in accordance to the hot mix asphalt concrete design standard, using the Marshall method according Department of Highways standard DH-S 408/2532, by mixing 1 inch limestone aggregate at the mixing ratio of 4, 6, 8 and 10. The results of the performance test, by using stability and flow tests, showed that the aggregate stability became higher, the less aggregate materials ratio. And the flow rate decreased as the aggregate mixture ratio increased. The test results are within Department of Highways standards ’s acceptable value. Bringing recycled asphalt concrete from old pavements, to improve their properties for reuse, by 1-inch (25 mm) large aggregate ratio designing, not only helps to alleviate the growing shortage of natural resources, a problem affecting the construction industry, it but also reduces the carbon emissions generated by construction materials produced from quarries or mills, Complying to local and national policies. And complying to the BCG Economy Model, at Circular Economy aspect, which emphasizes utilization of various raw materials, throughout their life cycle. And reuse waste materials to create various products, especially high-value industrial products.
Mechanical Properties of Alkali-activated Fly Ash Concrete on Pavement Application
This article presents the results of alkali-activated fly ash concrete samples collecting from the pavement site in truck scaling area, Mae Moh power plant, Lampang. The concrete was 50 m3 batch and the design strength was 280 ksc at 28 days. The Portland cement type 1 was used in this project only 60 kg/m3 in order to enhance the early strength for re-open the traffic quicker. Other materials used in concrete proportion were NaOH with 6M concentration and fly ash 380 kg/m3. The results revealed that the concrete exhibited 320 ksc compressive strength within 7 days and more than 400 ksc at 28 days. Moreover, other significant mechanical properties such as abrasion, water permeably, chloride permeability, and permeable voids were reported in this paper as well.
สมิตร ส่งพิริยะกิจ
ฟองจันทร์ จิราสิต
อดิสรณ์ พงษ์สุวรรณ
Interlocking Brick Products Mixed with Crushed Milk Packed Waste
The purpose of this research was to study an experimental investigation performed into the use of crushed milk packed waste passing sieve No 4 as an ingredient replacing some of the dust stone aggregates in the interlocking blocks. The control ratio is cement: dust stone to 1: 7 by weight and water to cement is 1.0. The dust stone was replaced with crushed milk packed at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 16 and 20 wt% of dust stone, respectively. Procedure specimens form with a hand-held blocking brick block machine. The experiment sample size is 10x12.5x25 centimeters. Test their properties are based on the Community product standard 602-2547. Results show that the increase in the quantity of milk packed waste deteriorates to improve physical properties such as weight, density, water absorption and the thermal conductivity coefficient. However, the quantity of milk packed waste replacement dust stone below 12 wt% of dust stone was the according the standard ratio.
Engineering Properties of Highway Materials in Songkhla Province
Songkhla is a province with a lot of crushed stone and laterite. Both materials are the main materials used by the Department of Highways or other agencies in road construction. Testing the engineering properties of the materials used in road construction are sieve analysis, abrasion, atterberg limit test, compaction and California bearing ratio test. The test results obtained will be compared with the standard values of the Department of Highways. This article will study and test to determine the engineering properties of engineering materials, guidelines for improving the soil to be suitable for use and the tendency of material shortages in the area. After that, a database was created to publish on the Internet. To be a guideline for responsibly choosing construction materials from various sources in Songkhla province and increasing the efficiency of material use in road construction.
จิรภัทร พรหมประสาท
Development of Hydrophobic Mortar for 3D Printing
This article aims to develop hydrophobic mortar for 3D printing. Calcium stearate was used to replace hydraulic cement at the rates of 10, 12.5 and 15% by weight of binder. In addition, micro polypropylene fiber with a 6 mm length was used in mixture at the rates of 0.2 and 0.4% by volume. The flowability of mortar was controlled between 180 – 190 mm by varying the water to binder ratio. Both fresh and hardened properties of mortar were investigated in terms of setting time, water absorption, compressive strength, contact angle, and printability of 3D mortar printing. The results showed that the setting time of mortar was increased, and the compressive strength was decreased with the increased of calcium stearate content. However, the use of micro polypropylene fiber could improve the compressive strength of mortar. Moreover, the contact angle was increased up to 142° and the water absorption of mortar was decreased by 91.0% when calcium stearate was presented in the mixture at 15%. The use of micro polypropylene fibers caused a slightly decreasing in the surface contact angle. For the 3D printability, calcium stearate gave hydrophobic and self-cleaning property on the printed sample surface. Additionally, the buildability of mortar for 3D printing was enhanced by incorporating 0.2% micro polypropylene fiber.
ณัฏฐณิชา สกลอารีย์
จุฑามาศ ทวีสินธุ์
สิริกมล อัศวมั่นคงเจริญ
ชัย จาตุรพิทักษ์กุล
วราลักษณ์ แผ่นสุวรรณ
Effect of Nano-Calcium Carbonate on Lightweight Concrete Properties and Printability of Mortar of 3D Printing Application
Strength, chemical composition, and microstructure. In terms of 3D printing tested by flow test and open time. The results show that the unit weight and flexural strength increased with an increase in nano-calcium carbonate content. However, the slump and setting time were found to decrease with an increasing amount of nano-calcium carbonate. In the case of compressive strength, it increased with the increasing calcium carbonate content up to about 2% and then decreased. The water permeability also decreased with the increasing nano-calcium carbonate content up to about 2.5%, then increased. It was confirmed that the increase of nano-calcium carbonate content by XRD and the void filling by SEM were observed. In terms of 3D printing, the initial printable time and width of the printed filament decreased with an increase in the increasing nano-calcium carbonate content.
ภัทรชัย พงศ์โสภา
Study of Behavior of Beams from 3D Printing Formwork
Nowadays, Architectural designs are various and complex. Construction workers often faces problems in setting up formwork to construct the structural parts such as curved beams and free-form beams that are difficult to construct. 3D printing has play an important role in construction technology because it can print various workpieces. Therefore, this research aims to study the flexural behavior of concrete formwork beams produced from 3D printing technology by considering the strength properties of simple beams. The frame was printed with Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology, in which the concrete is stacked to form a frame. In this research, 3 types of frames were varied with 3 different heights of each printing layer: 15.0 mm height (BH1.50), 17.5 mm (BH1.75) and 20.0 mm (BH2.00). The failure of the beams are observered. Then, the test results will be analyzed and compared with normal reinforced concrete (NB) beams.
ณัฏฐา เวสสะภักดี
กันตวิชญ์ สุพรรณแสง
ลาภยศ ประสิทธิโศภิน
A Comparative Study of Portland Cement-Based Materials and Hydraulic Cement-Based Materials for 3D Printing Concrete
The issues related to construction remain unsolved. Three-dimensional (3D) printing concrete has capability to solve the problems such as cost materials and the need of skilled worker because this construction method is formless method. However, the technique requires specific concrete material for printing through print head, for example printability and stability. Therefore, this study is aiming to comparison of Portland cement-based material and Hydraulic cement-based material for 3D printing concrete. Hydraulic cement was selected due to less carbon emission that is sustainable material. Two cement materials were properly mix into concretes, then were carried out by flow table test, setting time test and compressive strength test. After that, the results were analyzed.
Effect of Fly Ash, Bottom Ash and Macro Synthetic Fiber on Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete
This research was aimed to study the dynamic elastic modulus (Ed) of cement-only concrete, fly ash concrete, bottom ash concrete and synthetic fiber concrete. The bottom ash was used as an internal curing material. Non-destructive testing by ultrasonic pulse velocity test (UPV) was used to determine the ultrasonic pulse velocity and to calculate Ed of concrete. The Ordinary Portland cement was used in this study as binder and the water to binder ratio was 0.55. In this study, the weight percentages of replacement of cement by fly ash were 0, 30 and 50%. The volume percentages of replacement of fine aggregate by the bottom ash were 10 and 30%. The content of synthetic fibers were 2 and 4 kilograms per cubic meter. The results showed that the Ed determined with the UPV method higher than the elastic modulus (Ec) about 13-39%. The cement-only concrete have Ec and Ed values nearly the same with synthetic fiber concrete. The fly ash concrete and bottom ash concrete have Ec and Ed lower than that of the cement-only concrete. The Ec and Ed decrease with the increase of fly ash or bottom ash content. The Ec and Ed have linear relationship while the compressive strength and UPV have exponential relationship.
สนธยา ทองอรุณศรี
พร้อมพงศ์ ฉลาดธัญญกิจ
Workability and Water Absorption of Nano-Silica with Natural Fiber to Improve the Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete
This research presents waste materials from the construction industry to be recycled to replace natural coarse aggregates. This takes the place of the weight of the coarse aggregate divided by a ratio of 0 to 100 percent. Cement was replaced with nano-silica, with an average particle size of about 12 nm, in a ratio of 3 percent of cement weight. Sisal and oil palm fibers with a 20 mm fiber length were employed in this study and were added to each sample at a rate of 3 percent per weight of coarse aggregate. Evaluate the concrete's workability for concrete flow and slump. Concrete's resistance to water absorption is tested for durability. According to the test results, using recycled aggregates or nano-silica components significantly decreased the workability of concrete. To improve the workability of the concrete The slump value of concrete is 5.9-7.3 cm. the flow rate of fresh concrete is 35-44 cm., a corresponding amount of superplasticizer must be added. In terms of the durability test results for concrete In the water absorption section, it was found that, it was found that nano-silica containing concrete, when compared to normal concrete and concrete made with natural fiber materials, had the maximum water absorption were 10.06 percent, 8.87 percent respectively. It was determined that recycled aggregates and natural coarse aggregates could both improve from the addition of nano-silica components.
ศตวรรษ หฤหรรษพงศ์
ณรงค์เดช อินทรัตน์ชัยกิจ
วชิรภรณ์ เสนาวัง
Mechanical Properties of Concrete Containing Granite Sand and Recycled Plastic Aggregates
This study aims to investigate the mechanical properties of concrete containing granite sand and recycled plastic aggregate (polyethylene terephthalate). The natural sand was replaced with granite sand, and coarse aggregate was partially substituted with plastic aggregate in volumes of 10%, 30%, and 50%. The experimental program consisted of slump, setting time, compressive strength, porosity, and absorption. The results showed that concrete containing granite sand had lower slump but had compressive strength similar to that of concrete produced from natural sand. The slump decreased with an increasing amount of plastic aggregate. The compressive strength of concrete with no more than 30% of plastic aggregate was similar to that of concrete without plastic aggregate. However, the compressive strength was reduced by 28% when using 50% of plastic aggregate, while setting time of concrete was not significantly different.
ทรงกลด วงค์เจริญ
กานต์ธิปก ฮามคำไพ
พิชชา จองวิวัฒสกุล
เสวกชัย ตั้งอร่ามวงศ์
สุเชษฐ์ ลิขิตเลอสรวง
Development of Concrete Pavement with Crumb Rubber from Recycled Tire
In general, pavement can be classified as rigid pavement (e.g., Concrete pavement) and flexible pavement (e.g., Asphaltic concrete pavement). The flexible pavement provides a more comfortable and softer driving impression than the rigid ones, however, it has some drawbacks of less durability and strength than regular rigid concrete. In fact, there are many approaches to enhancing the properties of concrete pavement to be more flexible and one among those is rubberized concrete. Rubberized concrete from recycled tires crumb rubber is one of the environmentally friendly materials that receive much more attention as a fine aggregate replacement in concrete. With its outstanding properties of rubber, e.g., flexibility, bendability and energy absorption, it could function to improve flexibility and more driving comfort for road users. This development of the rubberized concrete pavement was carried out by replacing crumb rubber of 10% 20% and 40% to fine aggregate (sand). The mechanical properties test found that the increasing amount of crumb rubber affected the mechanical properties of concrete, compressive strength tensile strength and flexural strength of the concrete are reduced. However, the replacement of crumb rubber 10% had a little effect on a mechanical properties compared the others. Furthermore, this rubberized mix design could also help to increase the usage, and the economic value, and reduce the environmental impact of concrete pavement technology.
พีรพงศ์ จิตเสงี่ยม
Compressive Strength of Mortar by the Partial Replacement of Portland Cement with Calcined Clay and Limestone
This research studied the compressive strength of mortar by the partial replacement of Portland cement with Calcined Clay and Limestone (LC2). Investigated parameters consisted of three different levels replacement of cement with LC2, i.e. 15% 30% and 50% by weight of cement and to determine the appropriate water content in the mortar by controlling the flowability to be between 105-115% according to ASTM C1437 Standard. Specimens for the compressive strength test were 5 cm cubes according to ASTM C109 Standard, whereby they were tested at 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. The results of this study showed that an increase in LC2 replacement would lead to the need of more water in the mixture in order to keep the same flowability of mortar. Moreover the compressive strength of mortars with partial replacement of cement by ground calcined clay and limestone (LC2) would improve with curing ages. It was also found that when replacing a large amount of LC2, i.e. 50%, the compressive strength during the first 7 days was reduced. The samples with the highest compressive strength were obtained when the samples with 30% replacement of LC2, whereby the compressive strength at 28 days is 73.9 MPa.
ธัญวรัตม์ สันติสุทธิกุล
ธีระวุฒิ มูฮำหมัด
Properties of Concrete Containing Recycled Concrete Aggregate and Polymeric Coating Agent
This study investigates the properties of concrete blended with concrete scrap aggregate and polymer impregnation. In order to create high-performance concrete with a water-cement ratio (w/c) by weight of 0.34 and aggregates from crushed concrete scraps with particle sizes ranging from 0.15 to 25.0 mm were used. According to ASTM C33, concrete containing river sand (NAR), crushed limestone (NCA), and polymer impregnation at 5 wt% of the water used in the concrete mix were compared to fine aggregates and coarse aggregates. The concrete under test includes compressive strength and integrity and as measured by ultrasonic pulse velocity. Based on the test results, it was revealed that the polymer impregnation had a lower rate of developing compressive strength than the control concrete. This rate significantly decreased at 28 days; the control concrete's compressive strength had decreased. However, when combined with a polymeric coating agent type 1, recycled fine concrete aggregate (RCAF) and natural crushed limestone (NCA) increased compressive strength by 10.26%.
Cement Mortar Floor Tiles Mixed Waste Tire Rubber
The objective of this research was to study the use of waste tire rubber powder instead of sand in the production of cement mortar floor tiles, measuring 30 × 30 × 5 centimeters, which uses a cement-sand ratio of 1: 2.75 by weight, and using finely ground waste tire rubber powder to replace sand at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% by volume, The water-cement ratio (W/C) was obtained from the mortar flow table test. Transverse bending resistance test in dry conditions at 7, 14 and 28 days, water absorption and abrasion resistance test at 28 days, compared with TIS 826-2531. The results of the experiment showed that as the amount of waste tire rubber powder replaced by sand increased. As a result, the value of water absorption, abrasion resistance and transverse bending resistance decreased. Waste tire rubber ratios instead of sand 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5% by volume passed the threshold. TIS 826-2531, where the ratio of cement mortar floor tiles using waste tire rubber powder instead of sand was the most appropriate in this study, with a transverse bending resistance in dry conditions of 5.08 MPa, water absorption value of 2.23% and abrasion resistance of 0.086 g at 28 days.
ชูเกียรติ ชูสกุล
ขวัญชีวา หยงสตาร์
สุนันท์ มนต์แก้ว
The Development of Cement-Bonded Composite Board from Aseptic Carton Waste with Hyacinth Fiber
Abstract This article presents the development of cement-bonded composite board from aseptic carton waste with hyacinth fiber. The mechanical, and physical properties of aseptic carton waste cement boards with hyacinth fiber (ACWCHB) developed were investigated. The ACWCHB were produced at a density of 1,000 kg/m3. The cement-to-fibers ratios by weight are 70:30. The hyacinth fiber ratio of 0%, 50% and 100% of the aseptic carton waste fiber were prepared at the same water-to-cement ratio of 0.6. The size of ACWCHB is 30 cm in width x 30 cm in length and 2 cm in height. The mechanical and physical properties were evaluated, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS). Based on the result obtained, it can be summarized that the highest efficiency cement-to-fiber ratio was found to be 70:30 with 50% hyacinth fiber.
Application of Distillery Slop from Liquor Production to the Cement Mix for Interlocking Blocks
This article presents the application of distillery slop from liquor production to the cement mix for interlocking blocks for the benefit of community enterprise development and as a guideline for utilizing the waste from the distillery slop incinerator system. Using a sample size of 12.2x25x10 cm3 cement-mixed interlocking block production, the ratio of Portland cement to distillery slop with laterite (C/B ratio) was 1:6. The ratio between distillery slop-to-laterite 0 10 30 50 75 and 100 and the age of curing 7, 14, and 28 days. The mechanical and physical properties were evaluated with the product standard TCPS.602/2547, which included compressive strength, moisture content. Based on the result obtained, it can be summarized that the optimum distillery slop-to-laterite ratio was found to be 30:70.
ศักดา กตเวทวารักษ์
The Coconut Shell Ash as an Aggregate Manufacture of Concrete Blocks and Interlocking Bricks
Research aims to utilize coconut shell ash as aggregate in the production of construction materials. There are concrete blocks and interlocking bricks in experimental. The ratios of both products consisted of Portland cement type 1: coconut shell ash: dust stone is 1: 0: 7, 1: 0.2: 6.8, 1: 0.4: 6.6, 1: 0.6: 6.4, 1: 0.8: 6.2 and 1: 1: 6 by weight. The water to cement ratio of all sample was 0.6 by weight. The samples were formed with a hand-held blocking brick block machine. The experiment sample size of concrete blocks is 7 x 19 x 39 centimeters and interlocking bricks size is 12.5 x 25 x 10 centimeters. The concrete blocks experiment test is based on the Thai Industrial Standard 58–2560, and interlocking bricks based on Community product standard 602–2547. The results show that the blocks containing coconut shell ash in high quantities have weight, water absorption and compressive strength less than blocks containing coconut shell ash in low amounts. The ratio of 1:0.6:6.4 is suitable for both products. In this ratio, the properties of both products cured for 28 days show that compressive strength about 58% lower than the control mixture, moisture content increased about 31%, water absorption increased about 80%, and the density was reduced about 5 percent.
Service Life Predicted of RC Structure Deterioration Subjected to Chloride with Probability
In this research, two different diffusion models were employed to calculate the probability of the time to initial corrosion (TCo) of rebar and the time to initial crack (TCr) of reinforced concrete using Monte Carlo simulation. The first model assumed a constant chloride diffusion coefficient (DCC) over time, while the second model allowed for a variable chloride diffusion coefficient (DCV). The results from both models were compared to determine the effect of assuming DCV on the predicted corrosion and crack initiation times. The research employed an efficient method for reducing the number of iterations, including the calculation of the harmonic mean of the median of prior results and the splitting of these results into two groups, with the harmonic mean being calculated at the end of each iteration when the iteration number exceeded 1,000. The simulation was halted when the harmonic mean was less than 0.001, thus improving the overall efficiency of the study. The analysis showed that at a 10% probability, the TCo and the TCr for the DCC model were 4.00 years and 4.03 years, respectively, while for the DCV model, the TCo and the TCr were 4.05 years and 4.11 years, respectively. At 50% probability, the TCo and the TCr for the DCC model were 6.01 years and 6.31 years, respectively, while for the DCV model, the TCo and the TCr were 11.58 years and 12.18 years, respectively. These results suggest that assuming a variable diffusion coefficient leads to a significant increase in the predicted TCo and TCr
ธีรนาถ ราชรองเมือง
Effects of Fly Ash and Bottom Ash on Rebound Number, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Compressive Strength of Concrete Exposed to Fire
This research was aimed to study the rebound number, ultrasonic pulse velocity and compressive strength of fly ash concrete and internally cured concrete, which using bottom ash as cured material after exposed to fire. The normal concrete and high-strength concrete were investigated in this study. And to study the relationship between rebound number and ultrasonic pulse velocity with compressive strength of concrete, before and after exposed to fire. The water to binder ratio of concrete were 0.35 and 0.55. The weight percentages of replacement of cement by fly ash were 10 and 30%. The volume percentages of replacement of fine aggregate by the bottom ash were 10 and 30%. The test temperatures were 300, 500 and 700 °C for one hour. The results indicated that the compressive strength decreases with higher test temperature. The use of fly ash in concrete tends to improve fire resistance of concrete while the use of bottom ash tends to reduce fire resistance of concrete. The rebound number and ultrasonic pulse velocity decrease with the increases of test temperature.
Effect of Pineapple Leaf Fiber on Flexural Performance and Chloride Diffusion in Concrete
This research aims to examine how Pineapple Leaf Fiber (PALF) affects the chloride diffusion and mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fiber reinforced concrete (PLFRC). The PALF content was 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 percent by volume. The PLFRC mixes was compared to a normal concrete (NC) with the compressive strength of 30 MPa at 28 days of age. They were moist cured for 28, 56, and 90 days. Then the rapid chloride migration, compression, and flexure test were followed respectively to determine chloride diffusion, compressive strength, and flexural performance. From the flexure test results, it was found that the addition of PALF results in crack bridging and deflection softening behavior after concrete starts cracking. Nonetheless, the PALF also causes the increase of chloride diffusion coefficient and the decrease of workability, density, and compressive strength in pineapple leaf fiber reinforced concrete.
ธาวิน สังขวิภาพจพิบูล
ศุภฤกษ์ จันทร์ศุภเสน
Improving the Quality of Binder from Bottom Ash to Develop the Performance of Corrosion Protection in Reinforced Concrete
This study focused on the ability of developing strength and corrosion protection in reinforced concrete by using partial bottom ash as a binder material. Improved the quality of the bottom ash by sieving through a standard sieve No. 30 and then grinding until the particles retained on a sieve No. 325 about 5% by weight to enhance its pozzolanic properties and replacing Portland cement type I at the rate of 35% by weight of binder (BA). The test results showed that the BA concrete had compressive strength at 7 and 28 days of 394 and 496 kg/cm2, respectively, which could reduce the cement consumption about 135 kg/m3. In the test of the electrical current of the reinforcing steel bar embedding in concrete showed the results of BA concrete was approximately 3-4 times lower than the control concrete. In addition, the ability to resist rust of steel reinforced concrete is at a level with a probability of 90% that it will not rust. Including the test results of weight loss of steel bar, it found that the using bottom ash as binder in concrete had the weight loss of steel bar only 0.46% by weight, while the control concrete at the water to binder ratio of 0.45 and 0.55 had a weight loss of steel high as 1.09% and 1.27% by weight, respectively. As a consequence, this can be clearly stated that the ground bottom ash has a high potential to be used as a pozzolanic material.
สุบรรณ สนิทอินทร์
เพ็ญพิชชา สนิทอินทร์
นันทวัฒน์ ขมหวาน
ชิษณุพงษ์ สุธัมมะ
Evaluation of Anode Materials to Protect Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete by Accelerating the Electrical Reaction
This study investigates the effectiveness of corrosion inhibition in reinforced steel through the galvanic cathodic protection method by comparing the performance of sacrificial anodes made of zinc, aluminum, and magnesium. A total of 24 specimens were prepared using various admixtures, including Portland cement type 5, fly ash at a concentration of 35%, and rice husk ash at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%. The anode was attached to the reinforcing steel within a 20 x 80 x 10 cm concrete slab, and the test samples were aged for 28 days. A marine structure environment was simulated by immersing the specimens in a 4% sodium chloride solution and inducing steel catalysis using the electrochemical cell technique. Corrosion was assessed via a half-cell electrochemical method, in accordance with the ASTM C876 standard, while the chloride content within the specimens was determined through titration analysis. The results demonstrate that zinc anodes exhibit superior performance, magnesium anodes display the lowest corrosion prevention efficiency, and specimens fabricated with type 5 cement exhibit enhanced resistance to chloride penetration and rust prevention compared to other test specimens.
รัตชัยน์ สลับศรี
Chloride Resistance of Concrete with Bottom Ash from MSW Power Plant
The objective of research is to use the bottom ash from municipal solid waste (MSW) power plant to improve concrete properties. The chloride resistance of concrete is investigated. The bottom ash ratios to fine aggregate replacement are 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% by weight. Cube compressive strength is designed 240 ksc and 320 ksc at 28 days of curing. The results are shown that the compressive strength and the density of concrete reduce with increasing the bottom ash in mixed concrete. On the contrary, the results of water absorption of concrete trends to increase with increasing the replacement ratio. The chloride penetration is evaluated by using measurement of the total charge passed in accordance with ASTM C1202. The ability of chloride ions to penetrate the concrete is high level for all replacement ratios at 28 days of curing. Therefore, this research indicates that the MSW bottom ash can be replaced fine aggregate in concrete mixes. The concrete containing MSW bottom ash provides the low chloride resistance. The concrete can be used in the area with low chloride content, such as in areas far from the sea.
เจนณรงค์ จันทร์ยัง
ชลธิชา จันทร์เต็ม
Compressive Strength of Cement Mortar Containing High Volume Palm Oil Fuel Ash
This research aimed to investigate the effect of ground palm oil fuel ash (GPOFA) as high-volume cementitious material replacement on compressive strength of cement mortar. Palm oil fuel ash from factory (OPOFA) was ground until its median particle size (d50) was 7.7 microns. GPOFA was then used to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at 0, 20, 50, 60 and 70 wt% of binder (CT, 20GPOFA, 50GPOFA, 60GPOFA and 70GPOFA). The water-to-binder ratios were determine to achieve a flow valued of 110±5%. The results indicated that the 20GPOFA, 50GPOFA, 60GPOFA and 70GPOFA mortar had the compressive strengths at 28 days of 33.4, 30.1, 23.9 and 16.1 MPa or 86, 77, 61 and 41% of CT, respectively. In terms of the production cost, GPOFA cement mortar resulted in a reduction the material cost by 12–42%. However, environmental issues of 20GPOFA, 50GPOFA, 60GPOFA and 70GPOFA mortar showed a decrease in carbon dioxide emission of 16–56% as compared to CT mixture. Furthermore, GPOFA could be used as a good pozzolanic material to replace OPC by up to 50 wt% of binder for the production of eco–friendly materials as well as cost saving.
Properties of Mortar from Portland Cement when Adding Concentrated Latex Modified with Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Surfactant
In this study, the compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, and abrasion resistance of mortar containing latex treated with nonionic surfactants were evaluated. Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylate (NPE) by utilizing the ratio of latex to cement that has been fortified with NPE. by weight, they were 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, and 10.0. The samples were evaluated at ages 7 and 28 days. The results showed that the compressive strength of the mortar tended to decrease with the increasing percentage of NPE and the flexural strength of the cement mortar when added with concentrated latex modified with NPE from the % 0 to 2 percent at 28 days of curing, causing the flexural strength of cement mortar to increase from 85.76 kg/cm2 to 88.01 kg/cm2 and tensile strength of cement mortar Tar was higher when added with 2% NPE modified concentrated latex at 28 days of incubation, increasing from 60.86 kg/cm2 to 72.87 kg/cm2 and abrasion resistance. It was found that the abrasion resistance of the cement mortar increased with the addition of concentrated latex modified with NPE at all ratios. The conclusion is that the NPE mixed with the concentrated latex has high dispersion and prevents the rubber from clumping before it is combined with the cement. The rubber will then contribute to the formation of a film and mortar-incorporated rubber fibers. Consequently, both bending and tensile strength are enhanced.
เจริญชัย ฤทธิรุทธ
Mechanical Properties and DuraMechanical Properties and Durability of Self-compacting Mortar Incorporating Printed Circuit Board Waste and Fly Ashbility of Self-compacting Mortar incorporating Printed Circuit Board Waste and Fly Ash
The purpose of this research was to study the effects on mechanical properties and durability from sulfuric acid corrosion conditions, when waste from printed circuit boards and fly ash are mixed in the production of self-compacting mortar. In the design of the mortar mixture, fly ash was used to replace Type 1 Portland cement in the ratio of 20 percent by weight and printed circuit board waste was added as the binder in the ratio of 5, 10, 15, and 20 by weight of binder. The water to binder ratio was 0.47. The spreading distance of self-compacting mortar was fixed for all mixtures in the range of 255 cm. The flowability, compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption and durability from corrosive conditions of sulfuric acid at the maximum curing time of 90 days. The test results showed that the flowability of self-compacting mortar tended to decrease with the amount of printed circuit boards waste in the mix increase. While compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption and durability due to sulfuric acid corrosion tends to increase with the amount of printed circuit boards waste in the mix increase. The self-compacting mortar incorporation printed circuit boards in the appropriate amount should not exceed 15 percent, with compressive and flexural strengths of 38.25 and 8.23 MPa, while the percentage of water absorption and Loss of compressive strength from sulfuric acid corrosion was 7.06 and 55.05, respectively.
ธนกร กลางบุรัมย์ชากร
Compressive Strength and Microstructure of Palm Oil Ash Containing Aluminum Foil Geopolymer Paste
This research was to study early compressive strength at 7 days and microstructure from palm oil ash containing aluminum foil geopolymer paste. Palm oil ash was replaced by aluminum foil 0, 2.5 and 5.0 percents by weight. Alkali liquid/binder ratio of 1.0, Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio of 1.0 and concentration of NaOH 12.5 M. All the samples after mixing were cured at 30, 40 and 50 oC in an oven for 48 h after then curing at room temperature for 5 days before compressive strength test. From this test showed that the compressive strength increases with the amount of aluminum foil displacement due to increases the amount of aluminum ions in the system that gave the Si/Al ratio an optimum value, resulting in a large amount of Si-O-Al bonding. But the amount of aluminum foil higher than 5% by weight allows the geopolymer paste to faster setting time as a result difficult forming. The effect of curing at 50 oC gave higher compressive strength due to high temperature catalyzes the geopolymerization. SEM and FTIR were used for analyzing microstructure of the samples.
Properties of Self-Compacting Mortar Mixed with Sandblasting Waste and Calcium Carbonate Powder
Sandblasting is a process to free an object's surface of dirt, corrosion, paint, or coatings. It is used extensively in the shipbuilding and maintenance industries, bridge maintenance, and military operations. This efficient, economical method creates considerable waste. This research studied the properties of self-compacting mortar mixed with sand waste from the sandblasting process by replacing fine aggregate with sandblasting waste at ratios of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 percent by weight, respectively, and mixed with calcium carbonate powder at a cement replacement ratio of 10 percent by weight. All mixes had a controlled slump diameter in the range of 25±5 cm. Tested the slump flow and hardened mortar properties, including compressive and flexural strengths, at a maximum curing time of 90 days. Results showed that the compressive strength of mortar made with 60% sandblasting waste replacement mixed with 10% calcium carbonate powder replacement had a maximum compressive strength and a flexural strength value of 673.60 and 82.43 ksc at 90 days of curing, higher than the controlled mortars 8% and 25%, respectively. While the water absorption tends to decrease when the sandblasting waste replacement increases.
กัญวรรธน์ โสขุมา
บุรฉัตร ฉัตรวีระ
Comparison between Physical Properties of Hydraulic Cement
Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning (DPT) had revised the standard of specifications for material used in building structures (DPT. 1101-52 to DPT. 1106-52) to the standard of specifications for material used in building structures (DPT. 1101-64 to DPT. 1106-64) that led to the adoption of hydraulic cement as cement used in building structures in the concrete and reinforced concrete standard (DPT 1101-64). To verify some properties of hydraulic cement similar to Portland cement, DPT cooperating with Thai Cement Manufacturers Association (TCMA), Thailand Concrete Association (TCA) and International Institute of Technology (SIIT) studied the physical properties including normal consistency, setting times, compressive strength and chloride penetration testing of hydraulic cement according to TIS. 2594-2556, from six different manufacturer and compared to those of Portland cement type I (OPC1). The results show that the initial setting time and final setting time of cement paste made of hydraulic cement are less than those of cement paste made of OPC1. Compressive strength at the age of 28 days of concrete made of hydraulic cement is higher than those made of OPC1. Additionally, chloride penetration test results from both types of concrete show the similar resistance. Finally, these results were used as reference data to revise DPT 1101-64 standard. Currently, DPT distributed this improved DPT 1101-64 to DPT’s sub-department, including central and provincial, and other provincial-level government agency in every province so they can implement hydraulic cement in their construction projects in order to promote Thailand’s green-house gas reduction policy.
สุวัฒน์ รามจันทร์
Bond Strength of GFRP Rebars in Geopolymer Concrete Using Fine Sand
This article presents compressive strength and bond strength of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) in geopolymer concrete using fine sand. Parameters of compressive strength consisted of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide solution ratio of 1.0 to 2.5, ratios of aggregate to geopolymer paste of 2.5 to 4.5 sand fineness modulus of 1.90 and 2.65 with sodium hydroxide solution concentration of 10 molar, ratio of solutions to substrate of 0.65, and maximum coarse aggregate size of 20 mm. Bond strengths of GFRP rebars in geopolymer concrete were tested with diameters between 6 to 20 mm. The results found that ratios of aggregate to geopolymer paste and sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide solution of 2.5 and 1.5, respectively can be used appropriately when consider compressive strength, workability, and environmental friendliness properties. The bond strength of 3.43√F'c/D compared to EIT standard, it is less than 24%.
เริงฤทธิ์ ปุริทัศ
พัฒนศักดิ์ ชัยพรรณา
นัฐวุฒิ เหมะธุลินุ
พุฒิพัทธ์ พุฒิพัทธ์ ฉ
Evaluation of Compressive Strength of Concrete by NDT Method by using Rebound Hammer Method, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Method and Combine Method (SonReb)
The aim of this research was to evaluate the compressive strength of concrete by the non-destructive testing method. The SonReb method was used to establish a correlation between the rebound number and ultrasonic pulse velocity with the compressive strength of concrete. The water-binder ratio of concrete was 0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 and 0.75. There are concrete curing conditions in water and in air. Test results revealed that when the concrete has a higher water-binder ratio, the compressive strength, rebound number, and pulse velocity are reduced. While concrete cured in water has more compressive strength, rebound number, and pulse velocity than concrete cured in air. It was also found that the rebound number and compressive strength of concrete were linearly correlated. As for the pulse velocity and the compressive strength of the concrete, there is an exponential relationship. While the relationship between the rebound number (Q), ultrasonic pulse velocity (V), and compressive strength of the concrete (f’c), according to the SonReb method is as equation with the R2 = 0.960.
Plywood Sheet from Oil Palm Fibers Mixed with Natural Rubber Latex
In this paper, the possibility of the new plywood production from oil palm fiber composites with natural rubber latex and wood glue was investigated. Oil palm fiber as an agricultural waste was mashed and mixed with wood glue and latex, then compression mounding at 30 Ton. Under the optimal conditions, the results present that the density of the fabricated plywood increased to 10.19, 11.60, 19.24, 19.46 and 19.48%, the moisture absorption raised between 18.61, 23.20, 26.86, 32.74 and 34.86% and the swelling of sheet increased from 9.66, 21.85, 5.88, 26.89, and 22.69%, with increasing the amount of the percentage of latex between 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%, respectively. The study also showed the decreasing of compressive strength to 30.21, 33.71, 48.90, 66.12, and 69.11% and the Young's modulus are 28.77, 40.19, 46.54, 55.53, and 61.03, proportional to the amount of natural rubber latex. Therefore, the increment of rubber latex combines with oil palm fiber provided the synergistic and outstanding property for plywood such as the flexibility. In addition, the maximum level of rubber latex that can add in the develop plywood is 4%, compressive stress is 21.00 MPa and the Young's modulus is 1800 MPa that are acceptable from the Thai industrial standard 876-2547.
จรูญ เจริญเนตรกุล
วิศิษฏ์ศักดิ์ ทับยัง
Development of Strength of Oil Palm Wood Using Natural Rubber and Compressed Method
The present research studies the improvement of mechanical properties of oil palm wood. The sample of oil palm wood was collected in the range of 25 – 30 years with upper than 2 meters from the bottom of the trunk. After that, the samples of lumber were fabricated in accordance with ASTM D 143. The samples were dry to meet the standard range of 12 – 16 percent. The natural rubber latex was, then, injected into the samples with the compression machine with compressive value of 5.6 ksc in order to fill the void of the oil palm sample with the natural rubber latex as far as and increased the absorption of latex with compression. After that, the oil palm wood is compressed by a multi-purpose compressor of 15, 30 and 45 ksc. The results obtained show that the mechanical properties of palm wood, modified with natural rubber and compressed with force 30 ksc, show the highest property when compared to non-modify palm wood. Compressive strength of wood in parallel and vertical were increasing 96.50% and 147.55%, respectively. In addition, the strength of shearing parallel was rising 72.47% as well as the flexural strength 26.95%. Therefore, this oil palm wood that implementation of natural rubber and the process of compression is one of an interesting technique for enhancement the quality of palm wood.
พรนรายณ์ บุญราศรี
Selection of Appropriate Construction for Mass Rapid Transit Project by AHP and Ranking Method
Nowadays, there is no appropriate criteria considering various important factors for selection of the proper construction technology or methods on Mass rapid transit project in restricted area with obstructions in Thailand. This research aims to study those criteria that affect decision making of construction technology and their importance in terms of criteria weight for various types of Mass rapid transit project by interview and questionnaire. Three main criteria including Economic, Engineering and Social & Environment were analyzed by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), while the sub-criteria were identified by using Rank order centroid method (ROC), for various categories of structure. It is found that, for the Monorail project, Engineering is the most important criteria of 54% weight, Social & Environment and Economic are 2nd and 3rd criteria of 26% and 20%, respectively. The obtained relative weights of all main and sub-criteria were applied to the case study of the monorail Brown line project on Prasert-Manukitch road section which the alignment is overlapped with the new expressway project. The results show that the analyzed construction methods consistent with the project feasibility report. This can be implied that the relative criteria weights obtained from this study are reliable and applicable.
ทรงพล จารุวิศิษฏ์
ศุภวุฒิ มาลัยกฤษณะชลี
เทอดศักดิ์ รองวิริยะพานิช
สุสิทธิ์ ฉายประกายแก้ว
อัญชลี เจนพานิชทรัพย์
Factors Affecting Construction Delay in Blue Line Mass Transit System Project
This research aims to study factors affecting construction delay in Blue Line Mass Transit System Project of Extension Project Contract 3 and present prevent guideline of construction delay. The study collected the sampling data by questionnaires from population who is target in this study such as people related with project construction 57 people and using Taro Yamane method for indicate the sample. Therefore there are the sampling 30 people. The study found that affect to delay in Blue Line Mass Transit System Project as follow this the first order is delay factor from construction method average 3.28, second order is delay factor from man power average 3.18, third order is delay factor from management average 3.06, fourth order is delay factor from regulations average 2.93, fifth order is delay factor from money average 2.80, sixth order is delay factor from machine average 2.78, seventh order is delay factor from material average 2.51. This study can be guideline for managing the construction to capability, preventing the delay problem and decreasing violent problem. The result shows the construction management will be successful follow by contract condition
สิทธิโชค สุนทรโอภาส
Analysis of Game-based Concession Period for PPP Projects Using Monte Carlo Simulation and Game Theory
Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) are being employed by governments around the world as an alternative infrastructure project delivery. Under PPP arrangements, the private sector is welcomed to finance and operate the project, usually for a fixed period, on behalf of a responsible public agency. PPPs can help lessen the government's strain on fiscal budget and its increasing public borrowing. In addition, PPPs can help promote the private competition in providing the public goods and services, as well as better risk allocation between the public and private sectors. However, like in those many countries, Thailand’s PPP contracts have a fixed period, usually 25 to 30 years. Such long-term contracts certainly carry high operating risks, as a result, private concessionaires often seek contract renegotiation in case there is an event that negatively affects their operating revenues. Moreover, each PPP project has different settings, construction and O&M costs, benefits, and transferred risks. Thus, fixed period concession contracts may create opportunistic behavior of the concessionaire in seeking renegotiation when operating environment reveals not to be as expected, but retain all the windfall if the opposite happens. Therefore, this paper is to present a computational framework based on Monte Carlo simulation and Game Theory for determining concession period for a PPP project. The proposed method can also be applied, with trigger parameters such as least present value of revenues (LPVR), for contract duration readjustment by the government in the negotiation with the concessionaire.
Evaluation Work Zone Accident MRT Risk Factors by Index Condition Model
The risk assessment of the construction of the Mass Rapid Transit Authority of Thailand (MRT) is seen as essential, accompanies by working in the construction of the Mass Rapid Transit may cause a high number of accidents. However, there are many parties involved, so it is difficult to prevent construction accidents, leading to the social and environmental impacts in the work zone areas. This research was thus conducted to study accident risk factors related to the construction of the Mass Rapid Transit of Thailand. The identification of accident risk factors was carried out using four sample groups – project engineers, site engineers, safety officers and foremen. To create a decision-making model of the risk assessment, work zone accidents reports provide decision of risk assessment related MRT work zone constructions in the future. The result of the risk assessment in work zone areas of the Mass Rapid Transit Authority of Thailand using the Index Condition Model (MIC), the MIC shows that four risk factors involved work zones accidents are the most important - human factors, task factors, working environment factors and operation factors. Implementation of this overall risk assessment by the index condition model can be updated the present data.
ฐิติวัฒน์ ตรีวงศ์
ปภาวี แสงสุข แสงสุข
ธนาคาร ทับทิมเหล้า
Estimated Operating Time for Large Construction Projects by PERT/CPM Methods
Project management teams are always challenged by the timeframe on construction projects. General construction projects with excessive operating time with inefficient project management have a negative impact on the project owner from the need to use those buildings for profit, resulting in the loss of income in the part that must be gained from the excessive time spent on the construction. The objective of this research was to apply the Project Evaluation and Review Technique ( PERT ) and Critical Path Method ( CPM ) to study construction planning methods and compare to find the appropriate implementation timeframe from 5 sample projects with different types of construction works in different nature of work. From the results of the study by simulating the operation plan based on the actual operation plan, it was found that all 5 projects had a probability that the work would be completed, ie 50%, 70% and 90%. The average suitable operating time from the contract period was 73.99% , 82.19% and 89.52% respectively.
นัทกาญจน์ ประเสริฐสังข์
พิทักษ์ ปักษานนท์
A study of building area ratios for the management of low-rise condominium construction projects
Real estate development projects are growing steadily. The main reason is the development of the city and the expansion of the transport network. As a result, the style of living in the Bangkok metropolitan area has been changed from a low-rise housing to a low-rise condominium, especially the location along the sky train. Therefore, proper designation of the building's space and physical data is essential to a successful project. The purpose of this research is to study the average proportion of the usable area and the physical data of the building for each type of building layout. The data were analyzed from 70 low-rise condominium projects in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region and analyzed by mean statistics. The main results of the research found that the average percentage of sales area per construction area in each type of building plan was 65.76 to 66.84%, parking spaces per number of rooms was 35.31% to 43.98% and the ratio of total building area to project land area was 2.7 to 3.11. Finally, construction project managers in the real estate development business can apply the results of the research for project design, cost management. and management of low-rise condominium construction projects more efficiently.
มงคล อัศวดิลกฤทธิ์
Differences in Law Related to Public Utilities System for Housing Development Under the Land Allocation Act B.E. 2543
Laws relating to the public utility system for housing development in Thailand have been mainly stipulated in the Land Development Act B.E. 2543 (2000). In addition, some other laws also involve the public utility systems including 35 announcements and regulations of the Central Land Development Board, 181 regulations issued by the Provincial Land Development Board of all 77 provinces, as well as many other relevant laws and standards. Those laws altogether are somewhat different and complicated to understand and apply. The purpose of this research is to collect and identify the differences in the laws, requirements, and standards. Some remarks related to the regulations are also pointed out. The authors classified the utility systems for housing development into 2 categories. Within those 2 categories, the laws were further divided into 19 items. Twelve items out of the 19 lists were basic utilities defined in the Land Development Act and the related laws. The other 7 items were recommended by an EIT sub-committee for the purpose of safety and ease of use. The authors indicated the differences among those laws in both tabular forms and descriptive formats for each item of the public utilities.
จิรวัฒน์ ดำริห์อนันต์
Feasibility Study for Developing Residential Real Estate Projects to Satisfy Customer Present’s Preferences by PESTLE analysis.
บทคัดย่อ การสำรวจความต้องการของตลาดและการศึกษาความเป็นไปได้ก่อนเริ่มโครงการหรือธุรกิจเป็นสิ่งจำเป็นและหลีกเลี่ยงไม่ได้โดยเฉพาะธุรกิจอสังหาริมทรัพย์ซึ่งเป็นธุรกิจที่มีความเกี่ยวข้องในปัจจัยหลายด้าน ด้านเศรษฐกิจ ด้านสังคม ด้านเทคโนโลยี ด้านกฎหมาย และด้านสิ่งแวดล้อมโครงการ เนื่องจากเป็นธุรกิจที่ใช้ทรัพยากรในการลงทุนสูงและการแข่งขันในตลาดความต้องการของตลาดที่เปลี่ยนแปลงตามสถานการณ์อย่างต่อเนื่อง การสำรวจความต้องการของตลาดและศึกษาความเป็นไปได้ของโครงการอสังหาริมทรัพย์ก่อนเริ่มโครงการจึงเป็นสิ่งจำเป็นและสามารถส่งผลให้ผู้ประกอบการมองมิติทางธุรกิจได้รอบด้านและลึกซึ้งมากขึ้นโดยงานวิจัยนี้ได้สำรวจข้อมูลลูกค้ากลุ่มเป้าหมายคนไทย 50 คนและคนต่างชาติ 50 คนและนำข้อมูลจากการสำรวจมาสรุปแนวทางการพัฒนาโครงการและต้นแบบบ้านเดี่ยวและการดีไซน์โครงการใหม่ในอำเภอสันกำแพงและอำเภอหางดง จังหวัดเชียงใหม่ เพื่อคำนวนความเป็นไปได้โครงการใน ด้านเศรษฐกิจ ด้านสังคม ด้านเทคโนโลยี ด้านกฎหมาย และด้านสิ่งแวดล้อมโครงการและสรุปผลความเป็นไปได้โครงการอสังหาริมทรัพย์ประเภทที่อยู่อาศัยในจังหวัดเชียงใหม่โดยผลการค้นคว้าสามารถสรุปการลงทุนที่เหมาะสมของโครงการ ความต้องการของลูกค้ากลุ่มใหม่และผลของการศึกษาสามารถใช้เป็นกรอบความคิดในการบริหารงาน การจัดการทรัพยากรทุกด้านให้เกิดประสิทธิภาพสูงสุด คำสำคัญ: สำรวจความต้องการตลาด, ศึกษาความเป็นไปได้, อสังหาริมทรัพย์ Abstract Market survey and feasibility study in every type of businesses are necessary and inevitable. Especially in real estate business sector which is a complex business that involves many related aspects ; Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental. Due to real estate is a business which requires high investment resources and quite competitive in the market. In additions market’s demands constantly change according to the current situations. Surveying the market demand and studying the feasibility of real estate projects before starting the project is essential and can lead entrepreneurs or decision makers of the project to understand at business dimensions more comprehensively. This research has surveyed the target group of 50 Thai people and 50 foreigners and used the survey data to summarize the project development guidelines and prototypes of detached house and project design to calculate the feasibility of the project in Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental aspects of the project and summary of the feasibility of residential real estate projects in Sankampang and Hang Dong districts in Chiang Mai. The results of the research can summarize the appropriate investment of the project. The needs of new target group of customers and the results of the study can be used as a conceptual framework for resource management in all aspects. Keywords: Market Survey, Feasibility Study, Real Estate
ธันญ์วริน สกุลเจริญรัตน์
มานพ แก้วโมราเจริญ
A case study of design improvement in Thai residential building project to comply with The WELL building standard
Nowadays, people are paying more attention to health, environment and atmosphere when choosing their prospective housing assets. The Well Standard is developed by The International WELL Building Institute (IWBI) in the United States to help ensure that their certified residential projects have been developed with thorough consideration of hygiene, environment and well-being of their residents. The WELL v1 standard initially focused on commercial and institutional buildings; however, it can be applied for other project types through the WELL Pilot Program. This research specifically focused on this program designed for multifamily residential buildings. The certification has three levels, namely SILVER, GOLD, and PLATINUM. The WELL standards are concerned with seven physical and mental aspects of the project environments and residents. anamely Air, Water, Nourishment, Light, Fitness, Comfort, and Mind. This research studied the project development process of one high-rise building project, which has recently been awarded the GOLD level WELL Pilot v1 for Multifamily Residences, from its inception to certification. This research involved collecting related project documentation and conducting in-depth interviews with project participants. Based on the collected data, this research also determined additional costs required for the project to meet the WELL standard requirements and summarized major impediments during project development. These results can potentially benefit real estate developers who are planning to develop similar types of residential building projects in the future.
Perspectives on the Success Factors in Construction Project Management: Case Study of Public Sector Office and Residential Buildings
In Thailand, there are currently many office and residential building construction projects in both the public and private sectors. The state enterprises’ investments in construction projects are substantial, which includes both projects that have been implemented according to plan, faster than expected and later than expected. The expenditure of the budget each year in accordance with the schedule of the loan amount borrowed is an important component of project management success. The purpose of this research was to look into the factors that affected the success of construction project management. In this study, data were collected through questionnaires from a sample group of four parties, namely The project owner, designer, consulting and contractor. This research divides success factors in construction project management into six categories: 1) Man factors 2) Money factors 3) Machine factors 4) Material factors 5) Method factors 6) Others factors. The scope of research focuses on the construction of office buildings and residential buildings for the state enterprises. There are eight projects. The findings can be used as a guideline for the management of construction projects and able to identify the factors influencing the management of other construction projects that will occur in the future.budget expenditure according to the loan schedule, increase the efficiency and quality of construction project management, and know the factors influencing the management of other construction projects that will occur in the future.
ชยุตม์ ธรรมิกพงษ์
สุชัญญา โปษยะนันทน์
Carbon Footprint of Organization: A Case Study of Precast Concrete Yard of Karnkanok Property Company Limited
In this study, the objective is to evaluate and analyze the carbon footprint for the organization of precast concrete yard of Karnkanok Property Co., ltd. This assessment adheres to the guidelines set forth by the Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization) and encompasses three scopes: Scope 1 (Direct GHG Emission), Scope 2 (Energy Indirect Emission), and Scope 3 (Other Indirect Emission; subdivided into five activity groups. The evaluation period is from 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2022. The findings indicate that the organization's carbon footprint amounts is 1,211.30 tCO2e. Among the three scopes, Scope 3 exhibits the highest carbon footprint at 1,169.34 tCO2e, accounting for 96.49% of the total emissions. This is followed by Scope 1, contributing 31.17 tCO2e or 2.61%, and Scope 2, with 10.79 tCO2e, representing 0.90%. Upon further evaluation, the carbon footprint per cubic meter of concrete is found to be 0.516 tCO2e, while the carbon footprint per ton of steel is determined to be 6.002 tCO2e.
Knowledge Storage System for Safety Risk Prevention in Building Construction Project
This research focuses on the development of a knowledge storage system about the risk prevention guidelines for building construction projects. As a tool for storing information and knowledge, that knowledge is not lost with the person or finished project and can be used to communicate and transfer knowledge between the involved parties. These can reduce the risk of accidents, damage to life and property, and impact on construction management. The main database of the system consists of (1) general information, (2) accident types and induced factors, and (3) preventive measures. The prototype knowledge was obtained by comparing several protective requirements of the government agencies in issues that are similar and different in order to develop a dept interview form for interviewing persons who have experience in construction safety management for building construction projects regarding the conformity of the requirements with the actual implementation. The researcher chose the prevention method for four serious hazards in construction work from the statistics of OSHA as a case study. They are (1) falls, (2) struck by objects, (3) electrocutions, and (4) caught between machine or objects. The capability of the system is that users can add new accident cases to track the progress of corrective action. To be used to search for knowledge about preventive measures and action according to the accident type and induced factors. The accident statistics report reflects the level of competency of safety management at the construction site.
ยุทธศิลป์ บูรณมณีศิลป์
Factor analysis of problem factors caused by the spread of the COVID-19 virus of construction projects in Thailand
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the global economy. It has impacted numerous industries in Thailand, especially the construction sector. This pandemic outbreak in the construction project created lockdowns, which caused negative effects on the construction progress as several construction projects have been temporarily stopped. This research is being conducted To understand the cause of the problem caused by the spread of the COVID-19 virus in construction projects in Thailand. We collected the survey data from 400 respondents among construction stakeholders in Thailand and then analyzed it with 37 factors by using factors analysis. The result is categorized into five categories: Problems in the implementation of the project, time problem, Project delivery issues, Problems concerning employees and workers., and The problem of readiness to deal with the epidemic.
เฉลิมเกียรติ คำหงษา
ณรงค์ เหลืองบุตรนาค
A Comparative Study of Life Cycle Cost and Carbon Emission of Precast and Cast-in Place Systems
Construction industry plays a significant role in economic grow, and the industry will continue to grow with the economic expansion. However, the industry is known for its labor-intensive, and it could be responsible for more than half of the depletion of the world’s natural resources and for polluting the world with greenhouse gases generated from material extraction to all related construction activities. Therefore, the growth of the industry may also lead to an increase in pollution and the demand of construction materials and workers. In order to shorten construction time and address labor issues, developers have explored new systems of construction such as a precast system, which is believed to help save up to 50% of labor costs and reduce about 30% of construction time. However, in comparison of construction systems, construction costs are only upfront costs, and maintenance and repairing costs of each system should be included into life cycle cost analysis. This paper is to present a comparative study of risk-based life cycle cost and carbon emission between precast and cast-in place systems. In modelling life cycle costs, sensitivity analysis will be employed to incorporate uncertainty into the proposed model. The study also assesses the amount of carbon emissions using a coefficient method. The results of the study show the comparison of the LCC and carbon emissions between the two construction methods
รัชชานนท์ เอี่ยมรอด
A Conceptual Framework for Evaluating Construction Safety Awareness Using Virtual Safety Games
The construction industry is considered one of the most dangerous jobs globally, and lack of safety awareness is a major cause of accidents. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the level of safety awareness among construction personnel at the site. Past research attempts evaluated safety awareness levels based on passive methods such as questionnaires and interviews, but these are self-evaluated and do not assess the ability of the person to apply safety knowledge in real-world scenarios. Recently, Virtual Reality (VR) games have been widely recognized for their applications in safety education and training and have been effectively used to assess safety knowledge, attitude, and hazard inspection. This research aims to develop a framework for assessing the existing level of safety awareness using VR games. The Input-Process-Output (IPO) model has been a popular game design model with improvements in components of game characteristics in the newer IPO models. Based on the ideology of these methods, a new conceptual framework was developed to assess safety awareness, which consists of safety knowledge and hazard detection as indicators. The details of steps involved in developing the key components of game design are explained in detail. In this research, safety awareness has been recognized in terms of safety knowledge and hazard detection. Player performance is reflected in each indicator; therefore, it provides clarity on the areas of awareness in which players lack or excel and can be managed accordingly. Thus, this framework can be used as a guideline in the development of assessment tools for safety awareness with VR games.
Model Development Using the Fuzzy AHP Technique for Construction Safety Assessment
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in construction projects is very important because it can reduce the dangers of accidents. However, there are some workers that still neglect the safety rules. The results may cause disadvantages to the projects. Thus, this research aims to develop a framework for evaluating construction labor behavior using or not using PPE in a high-rise building construction project. In this research, the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP) technique is a method that combines Fuzzy Set Theory that can deal with ambiguous decision-making with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method which can deal with complex problems systematically. The research information on the decision weight was received from the security experts in terms of criteria or factor levels. Finally, this research developed a model that can calculate the total percentage of PPE used in the project.
OPERATION AND SAFETY AWARENESS IN CONSTRUCTION WORK CASE STUDY OF EMPLOYEE’S 7 MAKARA COMPANY LIMITED
The objective of this research were (1) to studying operations and safety awareness of employee’s 7 makara company limited. and (2) Emphasizing the danger that may arise from work. (3) Used to plan for employees to work according to the requirement of various component of the safety management system (4) Bring the result of the improve the development of employee of the organization. The sample of 150 officers was selected from 7 makara company limited. A five-rating-scale questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was them analyzed in the form of percentage, mean scores, standard deviation, a t-test, and one-way analysis of variance. The study found that employee with different gender, age and educational level. Have opinion on work practice and awareness of work safety. Overall the difference was statistically significant at the 0.05 level. The different gender of employee are variable which give opinions on factor related to operation and safety awareness. Employees of different age were also a factor causing accidents from work. The level of education also has the effect of causing accidents. Because most employees still lack understanding of work accident. As for job position and different income, there was no impact on safety performance. The result of this study can be used as a guideline to reduce accident in the organization and creating behavior for employee to be aware of safety from accident.
ธีระศักดิ์ ศิริวิทย์
ทศพร ประเสริฐศรี
กฤษฎา อนันตกาลต์
เอนก เนรมิตครบุรี
Study of Construction Delays in Design-Build Contracts
Design-Build contracts are commonly employed in large public and private construction projects to expedite project completion and shift all risk to the contractor, but their use may result in issues. This study aims to scrutinize project details and procedures and examine the factors contributing to construction delays in two case study projects, namely the Intercity Motorway M6 Project (Bang Pa-In - Nakhon Ratchasima) and the Intercity Motorway M81 Project (Bang Yai - Kanchanaburi). A survey was conducted to determine project particulars, design and construction procedures, and factors leading to construction delays. Interviews with contractors revealed two levels of management, namely main and sub-contractors, with the former handling project management and the latter responsible for design and construction, hiring a foreign designer for the construction works. Issues arose from internal coordination of the design and construction working group, design delays and errors, insufficient personnel, lack of expertise, and inadequate management of the design and construction group. Cultural differences and working systems in foreign companies were also sources of conflict. Further problems included issues with the handover of the construction area and modifications to the construction design by the project owner. The study identified several factors contributing to construction delays, including delays in design processes, insufficient financial liquidity of subcontractors, errors in construction design drawings, unclear details in construction drawings, and non-payment to the sub-contractors.
รัชชวิทย์ ระวังสำโรง
วรรณวิทย์ แต้มทอง
The Study of Construction Problems and Obstacles at Rajamangala University of Technology Isan.
Problems and obstacles of building construction. Often, there is a delay of unfinished construction work. as a result, the economic disappearance. And to the people living in that area. Including those who take advantage of the building, the facility has suffered. Knowing the factors that cause problems. And good preparation from the information of experienced people. Can be prevented or reduce the impact that may cause. Construction problems The purpose of this research was to study the problems and obstacles of construction of Rajamangala University of Technology Isan. And to find solutions to problems and obstacles. In Rajamangala University of Technology Isan The data were collected from 3 representatives in the control group. Employee Inspectorate and construction contractors. The samples used in this research were the administrators, employees, or those who worked on the construction of buildings at Rajamangala University of Technology Isan. The instrument used to collect the data was a 5-level rating scale questionnaire. The research found that Factors that cause problems and obstacles in building construction. The top five most influenced by Rajamangala University of Technology Isan were the labor force, which was not enough for the workload, which had a high level of impact ( = 4.08). The impact was at a high level ( = 4.00). It is not easy to work with. At the very high level ( = 3.75), contractors began to work slowly. Delayed work The impact was at a high level ( = 3.58). Therefore, these factors should be carefully controlled to reduce the problems and obstacles in the construction work.
จันทิมา มณีโชติวงศ์
กิตติศักดิ์ ทองสุวรรณ์
Construction Management Problems Causing Delays in Power Plant Construction Project
The construction of power plants is critical to the stability of the power system. The construction project will be unable to meet public demand if it is delayed. The purpose of this research is to investigate the non-excusable delays caused by power plant construction management over the last five years, which were divided into two phases: project operation and project closure, by gathering data from (1) secondary data: progress reports and correspondences between the construction project management team and contractors from project inception to completion; and (2) primary data: in-depth interviews with members of the sample group who have knowledge of and work in the management of power plant construction projects. According to the study, the secondary data revealed that the erection and commissioning works take longer than expected, accounting for the majority of non-excusable delays during the project implementation phase. Most of the non-excusable delay during the project closure phase is caused by repair work taking longer than expected. The delays in both phases are caused by the project management factors in terms of method and management as follows: 1) Improper construction methods are used due to a lack of coordination. 2) Misinterpretation of construction drawings, which results in deviation from the drawings. 3) Due to an incorrect estimate or a desire to cut costs, insufficient labor is provided for the workload. The work is then concentrated on the main equipment. If the management improves by coordinating among related parties to plan together the operation schedules, conduct continuous monitoring of work progress, and adapt work plans appropriately to operating conditions, it may reduce delay problems and benefit future power plant construction projects.
A Study Importance of Data Daily Report for Construction Projects in Thailand
A construction project requires project stakeholders to collect, process, and exchange information. The daily report refers to the dataset gathered during the construction phase. The daily report will include the various types of jobs completed, the amount of work completed, the equipment used, the labor hours worked, and the materials used. As a result, the purpose of this study was to investigate the indicators in the journal report. The questionnaire was used to determine the importance of information in the construction project diaries. A questionnaire was created using 53 factors derived from relevant literature reviews, and 30 data subjects completed it. The collected data was confidently analyzed. The study's findings revealed that the confidence value was 0.939, and the index of the importance of the factors mentioned in the first five construction project journal reports was 1) the amount of work that can be done. 2) Problems, obstacles, and safety precautions. 3) Daily work plans and the sources of that work delays 4) A progress chart. 5) Current time, operational activities, and planned material ordering the highest RII values were 0.953, 0.933, 0.927, 0.913, and 0.907.
ปริญญา น่าบัณฑิต
Study of factors affecting delays in delivery of sanitary and fire protection systems for high-rise buildings and extra-large buildings
The purpose of this research was to study the factors affecting the delay in the delivery of sanitary and fire protection systems for high-rise buildings and extra-large buildings by using document data collection and interviews with relevant people in the high-rise building project. There are 3 projects of extra-large buildings and the interviewees consist of engineers designers Project Consulting Supervisor project manager Project engineers site engineers draftsman foreman contractors totaling 30 persons. The study of project problems divides the process of installation of sanitation and fire protection systems into 3 steps: 1. Production and preparation process 2. Installation and testing process and 3. Delivery process. Then collect the data from this study, problems found in each step, along with prioritizing the problems according to the time, cost and cost effects that occur, then analyzing the causes and making recommendations. further protection The results of the study found that delay problems that affect the delivery of sanitary and fire protection systems the most in 3 order are 1. Poor control of installation and testing work 2. Coordination between contractors and 3. Making a design to install the wrong job. It has the greatest impact on time, expense and cost in high-rise and extra-large buildings.
ธนวัฒน์ เลิศกิจจานุวัฒน์
Decision for Planning Development of Petroleum Production System in Fang Basin, Chiang Mai Province
The Fang Basin Petroleum Production Area is the first crude oil source in Thailand, located in Mae Kha Subdistrict, Fang District, Chiang Mai Province. Conducted exploration and production by the Northern Petroleum Development Center. Department of Military Energy in order to support more production in the Mae Soon field This study applied the hierarchical analysis method. Supporting decision making in planning and setting guidelines for development of petroleum fields. Therefore, this research study aims to develop a petroleum resource in the Fang Basin for evaluating the establishment of a new crude oil water separation unit. To support decision-making in estimating the multiplier and the importance of the factor score. The results showed that in the analytic hierarchy process, experts gave the highest weight on production data (65.55%), factor in area selection (12.45%), value factor (11.00%) and transport factor (11.00%), respectively. All factors were processed by a hierarchical analysis process in order to make decisions in planning and determining the development guidelines of petroleum fields. The results of the study can be used as guidelines for developing production potential and expanding petroleum production in the future more efficiently.
Optimizing Scaffolding in Construction Site by Applying Mixed-Integer Linear Programming
Scaffolding is an essential temporary structure used in construction to support the weight of workers, tools, and materials. Additionally, it serves as a support frame for concrete formwork, playing a critical role in virtually every step of construction. However, poor management of scaffolding can have detrimental effects on overall construction management efficiency, including increased budget and labor expenditure. This can result in the quality of the final product. At present, the management of scaffolding in construction projects is primarily determined by human decision-making. This approach can lead to inadequate management, suboptimal outcomes, and the potential for human error. To address these challenges, this research aims to utilize mathematical modeling, specifically mixed-integer linear programming, to optimize the management of scaffolding in construction projects. This approach allows for the efficient selection of scaffold size, management of scaffold rental and transportation, which can result in a reduction of expenses and an increase in the efficiency of the work. Additionally, the application of mathematical modeling allows for the creation of a plan that can be followed to ensure that the project is completed on schedule and within budget. The research discovered that utilizing the mathematical model on sample data resulted in a reduction of costs by 27.9%. Additionally, the model was able to achieve an optimality gap of no more than 10% from the objective bound within a time frame of 30 minutes.
The Study of Feasibility to Project Monitoring with 3D Point Cloud Models on Precast House Models by C2C Algorithm and Python
The construction industry is one of the industries that has to adapt to the ever-evolving technology development. Currently, the purpose of using technology in construction projects is to hasten the performance of the original system. and effective. In order to assess the viability of monitoring the advancement of a precast home project. This study collected data with unmanned aerial vehicles. Photographs taken with automatic flying system from the construction project at precast concrete walls on the day that the 1st floor section was completed and the 2nd floor section was completed. This study assesses the feasibility of assessing job progress. It is analyzed by the number of point clouds from Cloud compare software and Python and evaluated with the overlap of the model by the C2C algorithm. to find the differences of the 3D models from the two methods. The study found that the number of point clouds of the two methods differed less than 1% and differs from the schedule by 5 to 6 percent. The results from the comparison by evaluating model overlap with the C2C algorithm have the potential to develop concepts that can be used as one of the construction progress monitoring.
ชัยชาญ ยุวนะศิริ
A Study of Factors in Building Information Modeling (BIM) Implementation for Organizations in Thai Construction Industry
Due to the large size of the construction project and the complexity of the construction process, causing more conflicts in the construction process today, one type of technological application in construction called Building Information Modeling or BIM is an alternative to reduce such problems. However, the application of BIM technology is still new to the construction industry in Thailand, so the application of BIM requires a study of factors affecting the organization. This research aims to study internal and external factors by applying SWOT analysis tools to analyze strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in BIM application for organizations in the Thai construction industry. The questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data from the samples. The study found that organizations in the construction industry Have opinions on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the same direction, such as the use of BIM technology helps promote effective coordination between Architecture, structure, and system work very well, and education and promotion of BIM knowledge will make the use of BIM more widespread in the future, etc.
Applying Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Land Management Based on Estimated Construction Costs
After predicament coronavirus (COVID-19) spread around the world affect all around and construction industry. But predicament brings about technology and solutions techniques for an easy, fast and low resource to compensate. Become to important point use techniques to estimate amount of soil with UAV for trucks management to transport in cost estimation principle with Agisoft Matashape program amount of soil compare result between amount in geometric objects for found discrepancy and analyze many trucks for transport in reserve cost estimation principle. This research investigates the amount of soil with UAV and process result with the program found amount of soil at 777.35 m3. Compared with the amount of geometric objects with program, the resulting discrepancy increased by 6.8%. Therefore, amount of soil reduces is 724.49 m3, and reserve cost estimation principle at 30%; therefore amount of soil increases is 941.84 m3. That follows standard transport by trucks using 63 round direct cost is 21,512 baths. This research shows Techniques for Estimating amount of soil with UAV for truck management to transport in cost estimation principle have efficiency, easy, fast, and can use in a real case for cost management.
กำพล ทรัพย์สมบูรณ์
A Quantitative Impact Analysis of Digital Image Resolution on Point Cloud Generation by Structure from Motion for Scaffolding Inspection
Scaffolding is a temporary structure that directly affects the safety of a construction site. Frequent scaffolding inspection can raise working productivity and decrease the risk of casualties and losses. Current work procedure often forces the inspector to check the scaffolding closely, which is unsafety, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. Nowadays, numerous technologies can rapidly assist the inspection of the structure of interest such as Structure from Motion, which can create point clouds or models from a gigantic amount of digital images. However, although the quality of the output from Structure from Motion greatly relies on the quality of the input images, there is no clear data on the quantitative impact of input image quality on the output of point cloud generation. Therefore, this study is conducted to analyze the impact of image quality on the point cloud result, which is the fundamental input of the model assisting scaffolding inspection, and propose a guideline for site practitioners to be able to select appropriate digital image quality for Structure from Motion assisting scaffolding inspection.
A Development of Optimization Model for Construction Site Layout Planning Using Genetic Algorithm
An effective construction site layout planning (CSPL) is essential to ensure site safety and enhance work efficiency. The primary task of CSPL process is to identify suitable location for temporary facilities (TFs) so that the safety and work efficiency can be improved. The problem of CSLP is generally formulated as an optimization problem, where a specific objective can be achieved with a set of constraints. Dealing with a large number of facilities, multiple tower cranes, and additional constraints can make the problem particularly challenging. In this study, a model is proposed to solve the problem of CSLP using Genetic Algorithm (GA). The model searches all free areas by using grid system to minimize the bias for facility location. In addition, the model can layout the location for tower cranes optimally. Flexibility of the model is increased by optimizing not only location for TFs, but also location for tower cranes. Moreover, this study investigated the effectiveness of closeness relationships on the developed model. A novel prototype was developed and tested to evaluate efficiency of the model. The results indicate that the proposed model can efficiently optimize the site layout for building projects. It can assist project managers in arranging facilities and tower cranes more effectively.
Study of Small Contractors’ Operational and Financial Risks: Case Study of Government Building Construction in the Central Region
This research is a study of operational and financial risks experienced by small-sized contractors which mainly focus on government building construction projects in the central region of Thailand. To identify these risks, this research evaluated the probability and impact of events that could have negative operational and financial impacts on the contractors and projects based on electronic survey forms. The sample group were 27 representatives ,which is a limitation of this research, consisting of construction project managers, board of directors or managing partners, and project engineers, from different small contractors. Based on the collected data, the five highest financial risks were identified and used in the further analysis to quantitatively evaluate the impacts of these risks on the contractors’ profitability. The results showed that there were totally 76 risks composed of 54 operational risks and 22 financial risks. The five highest financial risks were price increasing of construction materials, price increasing of fuel, price increasing of labor, late installment payments from Government agencies, and using out-of-date price information to estimate prices, respectively. The financial risks that had the greatest impact on the contractors’ profitability were price increasing of construction materials and price increasing of fuel, price increasing of labor, respectively.
นัจนันท์ มิตรสัมพันธ์
Competency Perception and Career Advancement on Architects and Engineers in Construction Companies.
This study investigates the career advancement paths of architects and engineers, which require specific competencies, education, experience, and qualifications. While previous studies have focused on operational competencies, this research aims to identify the competencies and support factors necessary for architects and engineers to advance in their careers. Furthermore, organizations have varying policies on personnel development, and some professionals in the construction industry experience extended tenure without career progression. Thus, this study aims to help individuals seeking career advancement by examining the necessary competencies and factors that affect career development from the perspectives of architects and engineers. The research investigates their opinions on the supporting factors for career development and explore the main competencies required for success in their fields are managerial competency, knowledge competency, and skill competency. This study aims to provide insights into the career progression of architects and engineers and improve career development plans in the construction industry, benefiting both individuals and organizations.
การออกแบบโครงสร้างเชิงเปรียบเทียบโดยใช้โปรแกรมวิเคราะโครงสร้างกรณีศึกษาอาคาร 2 ชั้น
This study compares three structural design options for a two-story building using a structural analysis software. The options are a concrete structure with concrete slab and brick walls (Case 1), a concrete structure with flat slab and lightweight brick walls (Case 2), and a steel structure with flat slab and lightweight brick walls (Case 3). The study evaluates each case in terms of cost, construction time, and intended use. Case 1 can adapt the shape of the structure on site, but at a higher cost and with a longer construction time. Case 2 offers a good balance between cost and time, making it ideal for projects with limited budgets and tight schedules. Case 3 is suitable for high-performance and versatile buildings, with the fastest construction time and the lowest cost, but requires specialized skills and equipment. The results can conclude that the strength of the structures is from most to least: Case 3, Case 2, and Case 1; and the cost of construction from high to low: Case 3, Case 1, and Case 2.
พิพัฒน์ จันทรังสีวรกุล
รัฐวุฒิ รู้แทนคุณ
Mathematical Model to Analyze Factors Affecting The price of Construction Rebar in Thailand
The main purpose of this study is to develop a mathematical simulation model for construction rebar price estimation in Thailand by applying mathematical and statistical methods using the least squares analysis to compare the construction rebar prices as dependent variables filled in the linear regression model to figure out the most effectively reliable mathematical simulation model, before proceeding to the next step of selective model development by finding the discrepancy between various sets of independent variables and dependent variables into consideration of the validity of each set of the models. As a result, we found only three models create yields of least squares above 90 percent. And the top was found in the 3rd model of the study which could yield up to 90.89 percent, which is deemed very good statistically with at least error, indicating a linear relationship prevailing variable from the 3rd model is the most suitable to predict the movement of the steel prices. Moreover, the 3rd model is not too complicated for practicing because of not using too many initial variables into the consideration and analysis process, making it much more convenient to apply
นภสินธุ์ เศวตะดุล
ธิติสุดา อ่วมประเสริฐ
The Study of Different Survey Methods Data Accuracy for Building Construction
The purpose of this research is to study setting out of building methods in construction using statistical principles analyze accuracy and precision, which occur unsystematically from the surveyors, Uncontrolled experimental conditions the discrepancy causes the measured value to be more or less than it should be. The research began with peg positioning of 3 buildings of different sizes. In the peg positioning process, 4 types of survey instruments are used Drone, GNSS, Total Station and Theodolite. The study found that relationship between precision and area, the most accurate method is Total Station, GNSS, Theodolite and Drone respectively, It can be concluded that the selection of survey instruments to position the building pegs for construction depends on the objectives of the project.
มศวรรณ เสนาสวัสดิ์
An Automated BIM-Based System for Generating Shop Drawings and Material Takeoffs: A Case Study of Ceiling Work
During the construction phase, the detail shop drawing and material takeoff are required for supporting construction operations. These processes are labor intensive and take longer time. Recently, the implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology is an approach that can be used to assist in shop drawing and accurate material takeoff. However, the traditional method of using two-dimensional drawings is still extensively applied to various current practices, which is time-consuming and error prone. Furthermore, previous BIM technology was limited to performing material takeoff for building elements consisting of multiple material layers. This paper proposes a BIM-based automated system for generating detailed shop drawings and material quantities. This research focuses on developing systems for ceiling work. To develop the system, the design algorithm for the ceiling frame and fixed light system is formalized according to the provided construction layout plan. Then, the concept of BIM-based clash detection is applied to automatically detect the overlap between the fixed light system and ceiling frame. A prototype system is being developed in BIM technology that is integrated with Dynamo. An apartment room ceiling layout is utilized to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system. The result indicates that the proposed system can automatically generate clear shop drawings in accordance with the designed standard, which provides more accurate material takeoff for C-line and gypsum board in the ceiling system. Moreover, the system will assist engineers in resolving purchase order conflicts during the construction stage as it can automatically generate the quantity of materials based on standard material product sizes.
Guidelines for Rebar Cutting Lists to Minimize Rebar Scraps by Genetic Algorithm
The purpose of this research is to be a guideline for rebar cutting list to obtain the least amount of rebar and rebar scrap using Genetic Algorithm. The research started by taking the 2D model of a 4-storey earthquake-resistant reinforced concrete building to create a 3D model with the level of development LOD300 and LOD350 models by using software BIM. Then set a pattern of lapped splice of columns. According to the standards of reinforced concrete structures to resist earthquakes (DPT.1301/1302-61) with 3 patterns of lapped splice of columns, namely, Pattern 1 (C1-1) lapped splice with a rebar in the middle of the 2nd floor, pattern 2 (C1-2) lapped splice with a rebar in the middle of the 3rd floor, and pattern 3 (C1-3) lapped splice with a rebar in the middle of every floor. The results of the processing of the BIM software are displayed in the form of a rebar cutting list containing rebar length data and the amount of rebar needed. The researcher then designed a Single Objective Function and determine relevant parameters for the rebar cutting list by using a genetic algorithm method to calculate the suitability of the use of rebar and rebar scrap. The research has compared the rebar from rebar cutting list of experienced engineers and of genetic algorithm models. The study found that the genetic algorithm models rebar cutting list of the C1-2 columns use rebar at a length of 12 meters resulted in the least amount of rebar being used, which was 33,557.16 kilograms, with 1,781.78 kilograms of scrap remaining, representing the scrap ratio per amount of use equal to 5.31. This shows that the use of genetic algorithm methods is another option that produces good results close to the objectives of the construction organization.
ปัณณาสิศ สัญญาโณ
Cutting waste minimization of reinforced bars in building construction
This paper presents the optimization design process for finding the optimal lapping position of reinforced bars within building columns which minimizes waste from the cutting process. The procedure is divided into 3 parts: Firstly, creating a 3D structural model using Building Information Modeling (BIM) to obtain the data of column height, size, and quantity of steel reinforcement. Second, processing the data from the 3D model to formulate the cutting waste’s function based on allowable lapping locations and lapping lengths according to ACI 318-19 and DPT 1103-52 standards. Lastly, finding the lapping location that minimizes the cutting waste’s function and return the details of the construction drawing including the location and optimal cutting pattern. The result from the case study of a 6-story building represents that the scrap of reinforced bars in the column structure is reduced by 2,123.520 kilograms compared to the other method that not considering the lapping position 10,465.920 kilograms which can reduce the total amount of steel reinforcement in the columns 20.29%.
เจตณัฐ ประภพรัตนกุล
ภูริเดช ศิลป์ไพบูลย์พานิช
Factors Affecting the Competencies of Quantity Surveyors in Tendering for Construction Projects in Cambodia
Quantity surveyors are involved in every stage of construction project, particularly in developing countries such as Cambodia's construction industry, where they play a crucial role in managing costs from the initiation as in tendering phase to the closure of the project. Despite their importance, issues such as a high risk of failure during tendering, poor cost management and cost overruns are still prevalent. This is largely attribute to a lack of competency among quantity surveyors who rely on traditional skills, hindering their ability to compete in an emerging market. To address these issues, especially those related to tendering, this research aimed to determine the factors affecting quantity surveyor competencies in the tendering procedure. Data collections were gathered through online surveys from 416 civil engineers with varying levels of experience and analyzed through exploratory factor analysis. Results showed that six group factors influencing quantity surveyor’s competencies in tendering procedure were identified: 1. technical factors in cost estimating and information technology (17 items); 2. technical factors in construction methodology and site analysis group (8 items); 3. managerial factors impacting project success (contract, schedule, stakeholders, cost, and manpower management planning) (18 items); 4 managerial factors in soft skill (9 items); 5 attitude (4 items); 6. external factors in education and training, experience and market. The finding helps Cambodians civil engineers who work as quantity surveyor to understand the significant influencing factors to be strengthen their competencies in practicing in tendering construction project
A Study on the Effectiveness of Worker in Tiling
The work of activities in construction requires the manpower as a basis for obtaining productivity. Therefore, the effectiveness of work was importance for work planning as well as to reduce ineffectiveness work and reduce non-work procedures for labor. In the objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the tiling work. The data was collected in the housing project in Chonburi. Two aspects of data collecting include 1) Field Rating technique using and collecting the project overview data and 2) Five Minute Rating technique using and collecting data of the tiling work. After that, the data are analyzed by using Crew Balance Chart method and proposed to improve the work effectiveness. From the analysis, it was found that the effectiveness of the overall project assessment was equal to 44.90%. The tiling activity effectiveness was equal to 74.16% and the effectiveness of each worker was equal to 90% 92.50% and 40%. To improving the work effectiveness was using the Crew Balance Chart technique. Therefore, the effectiveness of the tiling work increased from 74.16% to 84.90%. Suggestions for improving work process are shifting the way each worker to increase the effectiveness of the tiling work and organize the material storage area to make the retrieval easy to reduce the time and distance to transport materials.
พรรณพิมล วีระศิลปเลิศ
ภัทรพร พรเทพเกษมสันต์
สุพิชฌาย์ ทับพุ่ม
สิทธิชัย สงเคราะห์
ธัณธร ประสิทธิ์สุวรรณ์
ธิดาพร เชื้อสวัสดิ์
A Prediction of Cement and Iron Product Price Index Based on Machine Learning Algorithm by Using Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)
Construction cost significantly impacts the analysis of feasibility, budget planning, and project success. For contractors, construction cost can be used to determine the bid price and profit. Construction Material Price Index (CMI) is a useful indicator for estimating costs and planning projects, as changes in material price can impact a contractor's ability to control construction costs. This research aims to apply an Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) for developing time series forecasting model of construction material prices in Thailand. The scope of this paper is focused on cement and iron products price index. The study collected eight influencing factors over a 276-month period from January 2000 to December 2022. The data was divided into three sections: model training, model validation, and model testing. The study evaluated the model using the walk-forward optimization technique. The evaluation of forecasting accuracy was done using Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The research results showed that the XGBoost models with multivariate and rolling window technique outperformed the univariate models and models without the rolling window technique in terms of RMSE and MAPE on both material price index. The developed models in this study offer an approach for forecasting construction material price index, providing an accurate short-term forecast of the material price index. The developed models can serve as a tool for stakeholders in the construction industry to forecast construction material price index.
Framework Defect Inspection of Condominium Projects using 7-Quality Control Tools
This article aims to develop a condominium construction project defect Inspection framework based on the 7-quality control tool to apply in defect detection of condominium construction projects. This study started from the concept of 7-Quality control tools in the construction projects to increase the efficiency of inspection defect. ,few Quality control tools were used, instead of the original 7, it was able to reduce the problem of defects that occurred. Idea to create a framework to be able to use 7-Quality control tools to make the most of by considering the sequence 7-Quality Control Tools. Steps of 7-Quality Control Tools. The sequence of steps in the development of the defect inspection framework has been arranged as follows: The framework is divided into 3 main steps: Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Data Visualization from the prioritization of tools. This study collected data from 800 unit (A) 31-storey condominium projects that did not use the defect inspection framework with a total of 23,361 defect and a 37-storey condominium project with a total of 800 units (B) has used the defect inspection framework with a total of 31,207 defect. It was found the results that Project (A) was able to the defect level reduced in condominium construction to 47.86% and Project (B) was able to the defect level reduced in condominium construction to 92.29% It has been demonstrated that the implementation of a defect inspection framework can be used effectively in condominium construction projects.
The Application of Machine Learning to Detect Rust on Steel Structures in Warehouse Buildings
Nowadays, the logistics industry has a demand for warehouse floors in each key point in Thailand. Since reaching and demanding of product from service users is higher in the electronic commerce business group resulting in this type of building in causing more warehouse buildings to be built. The majority of which use steel as the main structural material, it is one of the most important structural materials in the building industry even though it is an unstable object. When used, corrosion and wear occur. The corrosion that usually occurs with steel is rust. Rust is a form of corrosion caused by the oxidation of iron when exposed to air and moisture. This study aims to detect images of rusty parts to enable efficient planning of building repair management that collecting data from 133 pictures of rusty and non-rusty parts in a warehouse construction project by smartphones. Then, the pixel counts of red, green, and blue colors were classified and creating a model to evaluate the performance with the K-Nearest Neighbors algorithm. The results showed that the model was more than 70 percent accurate in predicting rusty images. The model can estimate preliminarily rust in steel structures in order to plan for maintenance.
วุฒิพงษ์ กุศลคุ้ม
Application of the BIM to Assess the Risk of conserved Buildings
The purpose of this research is to assess the risk of conservation building structures. By using the building information modeling process, it helps to analyze the components of the building structure. Research begins with data collections by testing the compressive strength of concrete of columns, beams and slab. Then surveyed the cross-sectional dimensions of columns, beams, slabs, width, length and height of a 4-storey reinforced concrete building. And then developed into a 3D model with BIM software (Software BIM). The researcher has determined the tensile strength of the reinforcing steel is 2,400 kg/cm2 for the compressive strength of concrete is 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 240 and 300 kg/cm2 into the BIM software. It was found that high risk building, because that the probability of the building (column) will be damaged is equal to 0.0984 at the compressive strength of concrete 150, 160 and 170 kg/cm2. Medium risk building, because that the probability of the building (slab) will be damaged is equal to 0.1633 at the compressive strength of concrete 150, 160 and 170 kg/cm2. Low risk building, because that the probability of the building (beam) will be damaged is equal to 0.0727 at the compressive strength of concrete 150, 160 and 170 kg/cm2. It shows that the building information modeling process can be well applied in building risk management.
การวิเคราะห์ทางเลือกการก่อสร้างถนนระดับดินแบบชิ้นส่วนสำเร็จด้วยวิธี ELECTRE II
Constructing an at-grade road by the cast-in-place method requires that each activity must be completed before the next can begin. However, using a precast concrete pavement system (PCPs) and installing precast parts onto road sub-base layers can reduce project duration and improve pavement quality compared to concrete cast-in-place pavement. To determine the overall differences in project results, a comparison must be made under the same conditions, both in terms of time, cost, and quality of both construction methods under the condition of many factors simultaneously. This research aims to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of both construction methods to provide a guideline for future road-building decisions under different environmental conditions and limitations by using ELECTRE II. The principles of road and traffic engineering and project management are considered in the study. The results show that PCPs can be used as an alternative to stationary casting, with the option of using integrated concrete casting with cast-in-place arch installation, producing precast concrete only in a straight line, and utilizing several construction periods concurrently. If implemented, this method can reduce project duration and improve construction quality. However, expert opinions suggest that the cost-effectiveness of precast concrete for a single project may still be difficult to determine due to the high initial investment in production and installation, the importance of knowledge and expertise for operators, and the need for investment and management in training and personnel allocation for precast concrete production. Indirect factors, such as training and personnel allocation for precast concrete production, must also be considered.
คมกฤษณ์ เวฬุดิตถ์
Modeling Tree-Induced Ground Subsidence in Compacted Clay: An Investigation into the Effects of Contrasting Tree Species
The subsidence of structures founded on clay soils has been an increasingly prevalent issue in recent years, primarily due to the cyclic contraction and expansion of soil in response to root-water uptake by neighbouring trees and the seasonal variations. Traditional models for simulating the complex interplay between soil, vegetation, structure, and climate often entail intricate root-water uptake models that require extensive empirical data. This study employed a simplified modelling approach to assess the impact of tree root-water uptake on seasonal changes in pore water pressure and ground movement in unsaturated soils. By defining a root zone and incorporating multiple internal head boundaries in PLAXIS 2D, the hydromechanical behaviour of the unsaturated soil can be effectively modelled. The results of this model, which consider the soil moisture changes induced by mature deciduous Silver Birch and evergreen Leyland Cypress trees, were validated against reported case studies. Our findings suggest that significant differential settlements (ranging from 1/100 to 1/10, depending on water uptake, soil plasticity, and season) may occur near the edge of the root zone as a result of tree root-water uptake.
Numerical Study of Water Infiltration in Biochar-amended Landfill Covers under Seasonal Variations
The utilization of biochar as an environmentally sustainable material has garnered attention in recent years for its ability to enhance soil properties, such as mechanical and hydraulic characteristics. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the effects of biochar on water infiltration in landfill covers, especially with regards to variations in rainfall and evaporation patterns, is limited. This study aims to investigate the effects of biochar on soil water infiltration extreme climate. To do this research, finite element analyses were conducted using SEEP/W under a two-dimensional axis-symmetry condition. Both drying and wetting SWRC data from the experiment were fitted with the van Genuchten model and implemented into the numerical models. Moreover, A series of numerical analysis was performed to observe the PWP response during extreme rainfall and evaporation events. The results of this study indicate that the addition of biochar to CDG led to a delay in the response time of water infiltration, reducing the depth of the wetting front and slowing down water infiltration. Furthermore, the addition of biochar can significantly reduce the increasing of PWP during infiltration under extreme climate.
Study on the Influence of Smear Zone Surrounding Prefabricated Vertical Drains to Performance of Consolidation
This project studies the influence of smear zone on the installation of prefabricated vertical drains that affects the distribution efficiency of excess water pressure. During application vacuum consolidation for the improvement of soft Bangkok clay. In the analysis, the perimeter of disturbed soil around PVD was divided into (iii) main zones: (i) (Highly disturbed zone), (ii) Marginal disturbance zone., and (iii). Insignificant disturbance zone (Rujikiatkamjorn 2008) In each zone there is a different value of water permeability in the soil masses. and a linear decrease towards PVD (Indraratna et al. 2014). To study all 3 paramete rs as follows: 1) the ratio between the distance of the disturbed soil (Smear zone) and the size of the mandrel (Extent Ration), ds/dm is between 2 and 5 times 2) The permeability ratio of the smear zone and the undisturbed zone, kh/ks, was between 2 and 6 times, and 3) Divided the number of smear zones into 2 to 5 zones [11] By analyzing to compare the values of excess water pressure generated in each sample case. The finite element method by Plaxis 2D software, The results from the study of considering the effect of the smear zone from the installation of the prefabricated vertical drains (PVD) showed that the value of kh/ks had the greatest effect on the settlement rate compared to the last settlement value at specified time The difference was about 3 percent The effect of ds/dm had an effect on the settlement rate compared to the final settlement at the specified time. There was a difference of about 1 percent and the effect of dividing the number of disturbed soil boundaries around PVD, n if ignoring the effect of disturbed soil (Smear Zone), was found 7 percent higher than the subsidence value, respectively.
ธนันท์ ชุบอุปการ
ธนิต เฉลิมยานนท์
Tensile Strength of Acacia mangium Willd and Samanea saman (Jacq) Merr in the Primary Growth Stage
Vegetation has been widely used in soil bioengineering and considered as an effective natural-based solution for slope stabilisation. In this study, two woody species including Acacia Mangium Willd and Samanea saman (Jacq) Merr, are considered for soil reinforcement and stabilisation. However, the root biomechanical properties (i.e., tensile strength and Young’s modulus) which is important to root reinforcement, of these two species are rarely reported in the literature. The two woody species were grown in containers with rice husk ash for 7 months. The specimens were tested by uniaxial tensile test to measure the root tensile strength. The test results show that the tensile strength of Acacia Mangium Willd’s root (i.e., 11.78 MPa) is higher than the tensile strength of Samanea saman (Jacq) Merr’s root (i.e., 11.08 MPa). It means Acacia Mangium Willd’s root can be able to withstand more tensile force than the Samanea saman (Jacq) Merr’s root at the same planting age. Acacia Mangium Willd can be applied to use in soil bioengineering to enhance slope stability and prevent soil erosion.
ภิญญาพัชญ์ ไกรทอง
Effectiveness of Silicate Grout in Sand of the First Sand Layer of Bangkok Subsoil
This paper presents the research work on grouting of sodium silicate solution into sand with constant injection rate. The influence of rate of injection and grout viscosity on the grout shape is reported. The sand sample was collected from the first sand layer of Bangkok subsoil. The sodium silicate solution with viscosity of 110 centipoise and 130 centipoise is injected into the saturated sample in the test mold. The rate of injection is 4.56, 6.08, and 7.60 mL/min. The results show that the rate of injection has a significant influence on the grout results. Additionally, the low grouting rate cause fracture grout in soil and high grouting rate cause mixture between permeable grout type and fracture grout type is related to the pressure grouting in sample.
พรพจน์ คูหาเรืองรอง
สุทิน คูหาเรืองรอง
Unconfined Compressive Strength of Recycled Asphalt Pavement Improved by Hydraulic Cement
This article studied the possibility of the use of recycle asphalt pavement improved by hydraulic cement for pavement base material. Recycle asphalt pavement (RAP) was obtained from a road construction project of Kalasin Rural Roads Office, Kalasin Province. The Independent variable of this research consisted of cement types (Hydraulic cement and ordinary Portland cement type 1), cement contents (1%, 3% and 5%) and condition of the 7-day unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test (soaked and unsoaked). The results showed that the 7-day UCS of RAP improved by cement increased as cement content increased due to the increase of calcium silicates hydrates (CSH) in the samples. The 7-day UCS of RAP improved by hydraulic cement was similar to that of RAP improved by Portland cement type 1. Whereas the 7-day soaked UCS of RAP improved by cement was lower than the 7-day unsoaked UCS for all cement types and cement contents.
กรองกาญจน์ เทือกกอง
เชิดศักดิ์ สุขศิริพัฒนพงศ์
วีระวัฒน์ วรรณกุล
วรวิทย์ โพธิ์จันทร์
ศักดิ์ชัย ศรีจันทร์ดำ
ชินะวัฒน์ มุกตพันธ์
The Behavior of Sub Structure of Railway Train-Induced Load
The vibration behavior in rail transport systems can cause significant damage to train foundations, leading to accidents, delays, and discomfort for passengers. The substructure of the railway includes several materials, including subsoil, subgrade, sub ballast, and ballast, making it challenging to conduct dynamic forces analysis. In this project, we aim to evaluate the behavior of substructures of railway train-induced load by static load method compared to the quality of the track substructure by 3D simulation via PLAXIS 3D software. Our results show that the maximum displacement is 30.0 millimeters, the maximum vertical stress is 0.11 MPa, and the distribution of track modulus was in the subsoil range of 5,000 – 80,000 MPa when the track substructure was poor quality.
ฐิตินันท์ อินธนู
ชยุตพงศ์ มานะกุล
Behavior of Railway Reinforced with Geocomposite under Working Condition
The objective of this research is to study the behavior under working condition of railway track reinforced with geocomposite material, i.e. geogrid and geotextile. The study is carried out at km. 67+500 to 68+000 of the Eastern line (outbound) between Don Si Non and Pad Riew Stations, Chachoengsao Province. Field experiments are carried out, which are (i) rail alignment measurement and (ii) track quality by TGM. Moreover, ballasts are collected for laboratory tests to evaluate their fouling and breakage. The results showed that the reinforcement can improve track irregularity; however, it cannot reduce ballast fouling and breakage.
สิทธิภัสร์ เอื้ออภิวัชร์
Investigation of MSE Wall Behavior under Rail Base by Finite Element Method Base on Field Scale Model
Railway system nowadays consists of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) Wall, due to its serviceability and lower cost than conventional retaining wall. MSE wall must subject to dynamics loading induced by moving of the train, so it requires study and research about MSE wall and dynamics loading to understand it’s behavior. This research study the behavior of MSE wall support the moving load of train in varied constant speed at 100, 150, 200 Km/hr. by finite element modeling method. The model consists of 4.10 m wide rail track structure on top of 20.4 m wide and 6 m high MSE wall with 70° slope on one side. Then investigate the MSE wall’s behavior lateral displacement, settlement, and stain in reinforce material. The result show that lateral displacement and settlement increase as the speed increase. Compression stain in reinforce material is risen as the speed increase.
โอจักรพรรดิ์ สุขชัยสิทธิ์
วุฒิชัย ชาติพัฒนานันท์
Pile Foundation Design by Chinese Standard of Thai-China High-Speed Rail Project Construction Phase 1 (Bangkok – Nakhon Ratchasima) Contract 4-3: Civil Works (Navanakorn – Ban Po)
This paper presents the design of a pile foundation according to Chinese standards for Thai-China high-speed rail projects with 4-3 contracts from Navanakorn to Ban Po. The bearing capacity of the pile foundation was designed according to the code of TB10002-2017 Code for Design on Railway Bridge and Culvert and TB10093-2017 Code for Design Subsoil and Foundation for Railway Bridge and Culvert, which are the specified standards for railway structure of China. The design process uses the result of soil investigation in the project area including the load analysis with the Thai standard of wind force analysis and the seismic force analysis prescribed by the Thai ministry to combine with the load analysis of the structure and safely transferred it to the pile foundation. This study shows differences in the design of the bearing capacity of the pile foundation, compared with the standard method commonly used in Thailand for the same diameter and length of the pile. Finally, the result in the bearing capacity of pile foundation design has a difference due to the two main suffixes of the main equation analysis and the use of the factor of safety value.
Study of Pullout Resistance of Bearing Reinforcement Embedded in Lightweight Cellular Concrete (LCC) for Designing Reinforced Earth Structure
This paper aims to study the pullout resistance mechanism of bearing reinforcement embedded in Lightweight Cellular Concrete (LCC). The bearing reinforcement is composed of a longitudinal member and transverse (bearing) members. The longitudinal member is a steel deformed bar and transverse members are a set of equal streel angle. LCC has been used as backfill material for retaining walls due to its low self-weight and high compressive strength as compared with soils. The pullout tests on the reinforcement were conducted on three types of bearing reinforcement. The longitudinal member without transvers member (with a diameter of 16 mm and length of 1.1m). The bearing reinforcement with a 1.10 m longitudinal member and with number of transverse members, n (n= 1 and 2). The laboratory pullout tests on the bearing reinforcement embedded in different unit weights of LCC ranged from 600-1,650 kN/m3. The total pullout resistance (Pt) is the sum of the pullout friction (obtained between the LCC and the longitudinal member) and bearing resistances. The relationships between ultimate compressive strength (f’c) versus unit weight are represented by an exponential function for all curing periods. The failure mode of bearing reinforcement under pullout test depends on the unit weight and f’c.
เสมอเทพ สังข์เพชร
ซีตีฟาตีหมะห์ อาแว
Investigation of Geopolymerization Process of Bangkok Clay Treated by Fly Ash Form Distillery Slop and Sodium Hydroxide
The research aimed to study the geopolymerization process of geopolymers from distillery slop’s fly ash (GFA) affecting to unconfined compressive strength of soft clay Improved with geopolymer. When synthetic geopolymer by sodium hydroxide solution concentrate 4, 6, 8, 10 molars and ratio of sodium hydroxide solution : distillery slop’s fly ash equal 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 found that at sodium hydroxide solution concentrate 6 molar and ratio of sodium hydroxide solution : distillery slop’s fly ash equal 0.5 exhibit the highest compressive strength was 1,862 kPa. When using suitable geopolymer to improve remold Bangkok clay at moisture content 1.1 LL with ratio of remold clay : geopolymer from distillery slop’s fly ash equal 1:2, 1:1.5, 1:1 and 2:1 by weight shown highest compressive strength at curing time 28 day at temperature 25 °C and 70 °C equal 925 and 1,175 kPa respectively.
ศิริพัฒน์ มณีแก้ว
รักษ์ศิริ สุขรักษ์
Finite Element Limit Analysis for Stability of Tunnels Considering the Effect of Seismic Force
This article presents a study on the stability of a circular tunnel in clay by considering the effect of pseudo-static seismic body force, were the finite element limit analysis software, namely OptumG2, is used to analyze the tunnel stability in a two-dimensional system. This finite element limit analysis can provide a great accuracy and can handle complicated problems. The shear strength soil including C and Ø are considered by using the Mohr-coulomb model. The considered parameters are the cover-depth ratio and horizontal seismic coefficient. The findings of this investigation demonstrates that a higher horizontal seismic coefficient can cause an increase in the pressure inside the circular tunnel.
ชมพูนุท สืบสินสัจจวงศ์
ผศ.ดร.สุรภาพ แก้วสวัสดิ์วงศ์
A Study of Kinematic Interaction between Soil and Pile in Bangkok's Subsoils
Loading on pile foundations during earthquakes can be divided into two types, namely, the inertial and the kinematic forces. The inertial force occurs by the acceleration of the mass of a superstructure with respect to its foundation. The kinematic force occurs when a pile is displaced by surrounding ground. In Thailand, the responses of piles get little attention, but in other countries, such as IBC2021, kinematic forces must be considered in pile design. The study aims to determine the response of piles in the Bangkok soft clay basin with respect to the kinematic forces and to compare the computed internal forces with those determined by the equivalent static force. Additionally, various simplified formulae in literatures are also reviewed and evaluated by comparing their predictions with those obtained from 3D finite element analyses. The results show that kinematic forces produce smaller internal forces in piles than inertial forces, but cause significant increases in bending moments at the boundary between the Bangkok soft clay layer and the stiff clay layer, requiring sufficient steel reinforcement at this location. The induced moment due to kinematic forces can be approximately estimated by a simplified formula with a 20% error compared to 3D FEA.
ปฏิพัทธิ์ นิมิตพงศ์ถาวร
Seismic Response Analysis of Maengud Somboonchol Dam
In this article, the influence of three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D effect) on the seismic behavior of the Maengud Somboonchol dam is evaluated and compared with that of two-dimensional analysis method. The analysis is based on data obtained from a related study, as well as the results of a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) that was performed using the R-crisis program. The results of this study indicate that while the Upstream-Downstream displacement values obtained through both analysis methods are similar, the three-dimensional finite element analysis method yields more significant difference in terms of settlement values when compared to the two-dimensional analysis method.
ณัฐนนท์ หนุนอนันต์
Pile Length Estimation by Measurements of Waves from Multiple Sources
The length of pre-existing piles is an essential parameter for building renovation or tunneling under a building. Some conventional methods to identify pile lengths are the parallel seismic test, side echo test and sonic echo test. A parallel seismic test requires a borehole to be built parallel to the pile for testing. The side echo test and sonic echo test are performed by knocking on the side or head of a pile to generate elastic waves which travel in the pile’s body and reflect at the pile tip. The accuracy of side echo test may be enhanced by increasing the number of receivers or seismic sources. One of the tests in this category is the Ultra Seismic method (Jalinoos and Olson, 1996). A technique similar to the Ultra Seismic method is investigated in this study by installing a receiver on a pile’s side and using it to detect waves generated from 10 knocking positions on the pile’s body. Based on test results on several driven piles in Bangkok area, the most suitable receiver-sources layout and signal processing method are determined. The differences between estimated and actual pile lengths in this study are between 2.96% and 6.29%.
อชิรพงศ์ ภิวัฒน์ธนบูรณ์
Pavement Modulus Determination by Light Weight Deflectometer with Optional Radial Geophones
The elastic modulus is an important parameter for the design and quality control of pavement structures. In the past, the elastic modulus was determined from cored samples from the fields. Damage to pavement structures may be avoided by using nondestructive tests such as the Light Weight Deflectometer (LWD) which recently gained more attention. A basic LWD apparatus consists of one load cell and one accelerometer, but its performance can be enhanced by adding more sensors in the radial direction from the center of the load plate. The additional sensors are useful because more constraint conditions can be introduced during inversion process, especially when involving non-homogeneous pavement structures. In this study, an LWD equipped with two additional sensors, the Microtremor method and the Dynamic Probing Light (DPL) are used to determine the modulus of pavement structures. The LWD predictions agree well with the Microtremor results while more scattered relationships are observed when comparing with the Dynamic Probing Light (DPL) results. Nonetheless, the study results demonstrate that the LWD with radial sensors is a viable option for the quality control of pavement construction in Thailand.
ถิรวัฒน์ ซิ้มเล่มกิม
Evaluation on the Length of Driven Pile by Using Dynamic Probing Method
Soil exploration by using Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is an in-situ dynamic penetration test designed to provide information on the geotechnical engineering. It will be used to design the type, cross-section, size, and length of the pile using static methods. Often the designed pile length is not bedded on the desired soil layer, due to the variability of soil characteristics which increases construction cost and time. Dynamic probing is a rapid and economical ground investigation method. The purpose of this study was to determine the mathematical relation between the penetration from the Dynamic Probing (DP) and the ultimate load capacity of the pile obtained from the Hiley’s formula. In this research, data were collected on the blow count of Dynamic Probing and driving of square piles of 3 sizes: 0.35*0.35, 0.22*0.22 and 0.18*0.18 meters, with a length of 8.5-11 meters, totaling 118 piles in sand with clay and dense sand in Sakon Nakhon province. The study found that the results of the dynamic probing test are consistent with the ultimate load of piles. The penetration in Dynamic probing method can be used to assess the load bearing capacity of piles and to estimate the pile length. It was found that the DPSH-B gave the most accuracy.
นัฐวุฒิ เหมะธุลิน
The Stabilization of Compacted Clay by Hemp Fibers
Hemp has received a lot of attention in Thailand after the government announced that it can be produce, import, export, sell or have in possession on January 29, 2021. With the many benefits from all parts of hemp, it has the potential to become a new economic crop in Thailand. Currently, hemp is cultivated and processed into various types of industrial products in northern Thailand, especially in Chiang Mai. In this research was to study the mechanical properties of hemp core and fiber mixed with clay to be used as a bio-building material. Hemp cores and fibers were processed until they were 0.5 and 2 cm long, mixed with clay from Phitsanulok province. The basic properties of the materials were tested and the mixing ratio was designed by determining the mixing ratio of 0.5% and 1% per weight of clay. Then, the efficiency of compression was tested by unconfined compression test and triaxial compression test. The test results showed that when hemp core was added to the mixing ratio, the shear strength decreased, but when adding hemp fibers, the shear strength will be higher. It was shown that processing, sizing and quantification of hemp affected the yield performance of hemp mixed with clay.
วรรณิกา ขันคำนันต๊ะ
ณัฐนนท์ คุ้มครุฑ
The Improvement of Selected Material Types A and B Using Latex Type HA60 and Cement to Study the California Bearing Ratio (CBR)
The objective of this research is to study the engineering properties California bearing ratio (CBR) and permeability, of the improvement of selected material types A and B, conforming to Highway Department of Thailand specifications, using latex type HA60 and cement. Firstly, selected materials were mixed with latex in proportions of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% by weight to obtain the optimum latex proportion by considering the CRB value. Secondly cement in proportions of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% by weight was mixed with improved materials from the first. The research results show that the selected materials type A, mix with 15% of latex and 2% of cement provides the highest CBR value. For improved selected material type B, 20% of latex and 4% of cement provides the highest CBR value. According to the permeability test results, the coefficient of permeability of improved selected materials tends to decrease due to the increasing amount of latex and cement.
อุมาพร ปฏิพันธ์ภูมิสกุล
ดวงนภา วานิชสรรพ์
Unconfined Compression Behaviour of Cement Treated Phayao Lakebed Sedimentary Soil Admixed with Corn Husk Fibre
Research on the use of waste materials to develop engineering properties is recently popular in the construction industry. This research outcome can reduce construction costs and increase the value of waste materials, as well as provide a positive benefit to the environment. Phayao Lake sedimentary soil and corn husks are the waste materials in Phayao province. Due to limited storage and disposal of materials, it leads to a significant environmental problem. This research aims to study the unconfined compressive strength of Phayao Lake sedimentary soil mixed with cement and corn fibre. The experiments are performed based on the unconfined compression test. The specimens are tested at the cement content of 7%, fibre content of 1.0% by dry weight soil at curing time of 7 days, which vary the fibre length of 10, 20 and 40 mm, respectively. From the results, it is found that the addition of fibres changes the brittleness behaviour of cement treated sedimentary soil to the ductile behaviour, and also reduces strength drop after the peak. Finally, this research can define the optimum ratio and length of corn fibre for engineering application.
พิสิษฐ์ ผลาสิงห์
ธนกฤต เทพอุโมงค์
Improvement of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Mixed with Crushed Rock by Using Fly Ash Based One-Part Geopolymer
This research studied the improvement of pavement quality on recycled asphalt concrete mixed with fly ash aggregate. and using a catalyst flake sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Recycled asphalt concrete pavement per aggregate ratio was 100:0, 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75, fly ash ratio (FA) was 30%, sodium hydroxide concentration was 5 molar, cured age. The samples were taken for 7 and 28 days, varying the moisture content at 80, 100 and 120 percent, respectively. Then, the uniaxial compressive strength (USC) test of pavement quality was improved from the uniaxial compressive strength test results. It was found that the uniaxial compressive strength (USC) increased with increasing amount of crushed stone. The maximum compressive strength was found at the optimum moisture content. In addition, the compressive strength will increase with increasing curing time, with a maximum curing time of 28 days. The study found that it is possible to use old asphalt concrete as an alternative material for construction or can improve the road which passed the requirements of the Department of Highways at the level of the pavement Cement-mixed rock that requires uniaxial compressive strength to be not less than 24.50 ksc at a curing time of 7 days.
Flow and Early Strength Properties of Controlled Low-Strength Material Made from Cup Lump Rubber
At present, the production of natural rubber is increasing but the consumption of rubber and the export of rubber are decreased, resulting in a price drop. The use of cup lump rubber as a material in the mixture of controlled low-strength materials (CLSM) is a possible alternative to apply rubber in a variety of usages and to reduce natural resource depletion. In this study, the mechanical properties of CLSM and the possibility of using cup lump rubber as a mixture of CLSM are studied. The material mixtures include cement, fly ash, water, natural sand, and cup lump rubber, in which, the cup lump rubber is used to replace the natural sand by 20, 30, and 40% by the volume of fine aggregate. The experiments consist of the slump flow and unconfined compressive strength at the curing age of 7 and 14 days. The results showed that flowability and early unconfined compressive strength decrease as the amount of used cup lump rubber increases. However, the properties are still within the criterion of ACI 229R, hence, the employment of cup lump rubber as a mixture of CLSM is valid.
Investigating Performance of Nature-Based Soil Cover System for Back Slope: a Case Study of Back Slope of Highway No. 1192
Erosion problem of back slope occurs frequently during heavy rainfall. This paper presents the behaviour of nature-based slope cover systems, namely 1) vetiver system with bamboo fence, 2) erosion control blanket and erosion control log, 3) capillary barrier system at the back slope of highway no. 1192 in Chiangmai province. The 45 degree slope was about 10m high, consist of residual granitic soil which was highly erodible. The monitoring results of soil moisture, pore water pressure, suction and rainfall indicate that the capillary barrier system that utilizes biochar and recycled asphalt aggregate performed the best, as shown by least erosion and highest suction preserved in the slope. It was also found that the screw pile and vegetated flapped soil bag could be effectively installed at the toe to reduce the toe erosion as compared to the slope section without the stabilizing system.
อภินิติ โชติสังกาศ
บวรพงศ์ สุขเจริญ
วชิรวัติ ประภัสสร
อัคคพัฒน์ สว่างสุรีย์
Assessment of Utilization of Local Songkhla Clay – Rubber Wood Ash Mixture as Landfill Liner
In this study, mixtures of Songkhla local clay and Rubber wood ash were studied as a landfill liner. Benson and Daniel (1990) showed that suitable liner properties consist of a hydraulic conductivity lower than 1x10-7cm/s, an unconfined compressive strength less than 200 kPa and a volumetric shrinkage strain lower 4%. In order to determine a appropriate mixture, the clay-fly ash ratios of the mixtures of 100:0 and 80:20 and incubation time of 0, 7, and 28 days, were used. Experimental results show that for the 100:0 mixture (clay only) although its hydraulic conductivity coefficient is lower than 1x10-7cm/s but it is not suitable for use as a liner because its unconfined compressive strength and volumetric shrinkage strain are less than 200 kPa and more than 4%, respectively. On the other hand, for the 80:20 mixture with incubation time of 28 days, all the test results meet the specified criteria. Hence, it is suitable for use as landfill liner.
Application of Biochar Material in Erosion Protection and Slope Stability
Erosion is an important issue that reduces slope stability and causes failure. During the rainy season, soil erosion especially near slope toe are likely to result in slope failure. The study aims to evaluate the use of biochar from corn cobs to improve soil erodibility. A soil erosion test was conducted using the Submerged Jet Test (JET) and the 1D seepage behavior was studied using a vertical soil column on soil collected in the study area of the highway area. 1192, Tha Phra Subdistrict, Mae Cham District. Chiang Mai, based on the capillary barrier system (CBS) theory. The results, however, show that by adding more biochar without curing time, the erodibility of the soil was increased. Therefore, in order to use biochar to promote plant growth in the capillary barrier system, some containers like geocell should be used to contain the soil-biochar mix to increase stability. However, a critical rainfall was found that can cause the water to penetrate the barrier.
ศุภกิจ นนทนานันท์
สุรเชษฐ์ อร่ามรักษ์
Study on the Application of the Concrete Model in PLAXIS to Bangkok Clay Improved with Portland Cement
Ground improvement by admixing the natural soil with Portland cement is one of the effective soil treatment techniques to improve the engineering properties of soft Bangkok clay. The objective of this study is to investigate the application of the Concrete Model in PLAXIS for cement-treated Bangkok clay. The Concrete Model is a constitutive model which has the features to simulate the non-linear behavior of cementitious materials both in the hardening and softening regimes. This study presents the formulation and calibration of the Concrete Model, particularly for cement-treated cohesive soils. The time- independent strength and stiffness parameters for the Concrete Model are calibrated from the laboratory unconfined compression tests and undrained triaxial compression tests of cement-treated Bangkok clay. The relationships between the undrained stiffness and shear strength parameters and cement content and water-cement ratio are discussed. The applicability of the Concrete Model for cement treated Bangkok clay is assessed. The SoilTest feature in PLAXIS finite element software is employed to calibrate the relevant model parameters. Parameter values for the Concrete Model and laboratory experiments that result in accurate simulation of the behavior of cement-treated Bangkok clay are provided and discussed.
Consideration of Embankment Construction to Prevent Flooding with and without Geotextile
In 2021, the solar power plants at Dan Chang, Suphanburi affected the flood from the heavy rainfall, damage to solar cells and unable to generate electricity. Although the site had the existing retaining wall, flood intruded through the site. In 2020, a new high level and strong retaining wall was designed and constructed to prevent flooding. The original site was hills that was already very high and constructed close to the land boundary. Additionally, the side slope was up to 2.5:1. It needed also prevent the slippage of new soil filling. Therefore, the geotextile was selected to prevent soil slippage. and flood protection. This article aims to disseminate knowledge on construction of retaining walls with and without geotextile in high flood risk areas and can be used as a reference in the design, construction and engineering supervision. The consideration retaining walls construction was the analysis, check of the soil at the laboratory and field. The improvement of the strength of soil slope was by using geotextile and concrete retaining walls to help prevent soil slipping in areas near land boundaries. The study found that in the construction of retaining walls to prevent flooding, several standard tests and construction method are required, including soil shear strength and internal friction angle testing, slope stability test, compaction testing, permeability test and leveling and slope of retaining wall to mindful for the construction of retaining walls to meet the objective.
Performance of Para Rubber for Reinforced Embankment in Field Test
From the situation of the para rubber price in Thailand that tends to decrease continuously during 2011 to present. In this research, ribbed smoked sheets, which is a natural material, is composed of the flexible and tensile properties similar to those of geogrid. The effectiveness of ribbed smoked sheets for embankment reinforcement was evaluated in the field test with dimensions of 1 meter × 3.5 meters and a height of 0.5 meters. The two layers of ribbed smoked sheets were installed at the position of 0.05 meters and 0.25 meters from the ground surface. The bearing capacity of an embankment without and with ribbed smoked sheets reinforcement were compared by simulating the weight of a 160 kilogram vehicle with carrying through 250 cycles. The settlement and rutting depth were measured. According to the measuring behavior of the embankment in the field test, it was found that the embankment with-ribbed smoked sheets reinforcement had settlement and rutting depth lower than those of the embankment without-ribbed smoked sheets reinforcement, on average 32.63 percent and 18.75 percent, respectively. Therefore, the ribbed smoked sheets have an efficiency to increase the strength of the embankment in the field test.
อนุพุทธ์ เลียงสุนทรสิทธิ์
จิรัชญา อายะวรรณา
Interface Shear Strength Coefficient of Geogrid Made from Ribbed Smoked Sheet
Geogrid is a reinforced material in geotechnical engineering, that is made from synthetic polymers with a mesh shape and is applied to increases the strength and stability of soil structure. In this study, ribbed smoked sheet (RSS), which is a para rubber as natural polymer, was studied as a new alternative material to replace synthetic-polymers geogrid. The study of reinforcement efficiency of geogrid made form RSS (RSS geogrid) was the interface shear strength coefficient (Rin) by large-scale direct shear test under the condition of non-reinforced soil and reinforced soil. RSS geogrid was installed in 2 types of soil, which were clay (fine-grained soil) and sand (coarse-grained soil). From the study, it was found that the Rin of clay and sand were 1.033 and 1.479, respectively. The results shown that RSS geogrid affected to increase of interface shear strength, especially in the sand that is coarse-grained soil.
Finite Element Analysis for Underground Deep Excavation Behavior in Phnom Penh City
Underground space is urgently required to be used in economic imperative for landscape purposes in the Phnom Penh City of Cambodia due to the rapidly increasing economy and population over a few decades. Within the excavation work, lateral wall movement and ground surface settlement are critical concerns for engineers that could be affected the adjacent buildings, roads, etc. In this study, a deep excavation site located in Phnom Penh soft ground is selected to investigate. The 2D and 3D finite element analyses are utilised for predicting deep excavation behaviour, including lateral wall movement and ground surface settlement. The Mohr-Coulomb plasticity model was employed in deep excavation modelling. Empirical equations based on the maximum lateral wall movement and maximum ground surface settlement relationship are used to predict the wall movement and ground settlement profile. Finally, the results from finite element simulations, empirical analysis, and monitoring data are compared and discussed.
Development of Analysis Method of Soil Deformation Due to Installation of Circular Open Caisson
At present, with the limited space in several cities around the world, the utilization of underground space rapidly increases, resulting in more attention on the excavation works (e.g., tunneling and caisson). Under dense urban environment, the caisson constructions unavoidably take place near the existing structures. Hence, an appropriate analysis method for impact assessment is necessary. In this study, a method to simulate the ground movement due to the installation of an actual case of circular open caisson is developed. The kinematic mechanical model is adopted for three-dimensional numerical analysis in which the dependability of the proposed model is verified through measurement data. The obtained results were found to be satisfactory with the measurement results and it was also found that the horizontal movement occurred mostly in soft clay layers, while the settlement mainly occurs within 0.75 times the depth of the caisson. From the foregoing result, the developed installation model can be used as an effective alternative for analyzing impact assessment.
สันติสุข ทองใบใหญ่
รศ.ดร.พรเกษม จงประดิษฐ์
ดร.ชนา พุทธนานนท์
กังวาน กานดาวรวงศ์
เอกพงศ์ รุ่งเรือง
A Study of Influence of Soil-Cement Column Arrangement on Lateral Resistance in Soft Clay by Using Large Model Field Direct Shear Test
This paper presents the study of influence of soil-cement column arrangement on lateral resistance in soft clay by using large model field direct shear test. The test uses reduced scale soil-cement columns which are constructed in natural soft clay in test field located in Bang Sai District, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya. By using model test of soil-cement column of diameter 70 millimeters, which using the 10 to 1 scale. Using the wet deep mixing method with mixing tool by electric drill, four soil-cement arrangements for studies the influence of soil-cement arrangement and spacing between soil-cement that effect of resist lateral load, which using the large direct shear test by shear box, there is designed and developed for this article, that can open side for studies of the result of soil and soil-cement failures. Direct shear test in the field without moving the soil. The large direct shear tests reinforced with soil-cement column in the field show that the bonding between soil-cement column has strong influence on lateral resistance of SCCW arrangement.
ศรุตาภรณ์ ทรงศรี
Performance of Soil Cement Column Wall for a Tunnel Construction in Bangkok Soft Clay
This paper research presents the performance of soil cement column wall (SCC wall) associated with base stability improvement by cross wall in soft clay. The field observation on the behavior of the SCC wall for a tunnel construction was extremely close to the existing structure in Bangkok subsoils, presented. The behavior of wall is observed by measurement of wall moments during construction. The research studied the behavior of wall with cross wall compared to SCC wall without cross wall by 3D finite element method. The results show that the SCC wall associated with base stability improvement by cross wall provides low lateral movement and deep excavation in soft clay significantly.
บุญญฤทธิ์ บุญเกิด
An Analysis of Bearing Capacity of Footings on Dense Sand Using Bolton Model
In this research, the soil failure criterion of Bolton's model is used to determine the bearing capacity of footings on dense sand soils. The strip foundations were studied under a plane strain condition. The analysis used the upper and lower bounds of the finite element limit analysis (FELA). Bolton's model can be used to investigate the relationship between strength and dilatancy to understand the behavior of dense sand and strip foundations. Additionally, in order to verify this study, the present results are compared to several past studies. and the ANN model, which is similar to the basic concept of the human nervous system, was used to examine the relationship between the input data and the output data in order to predict the problem's bearing capacity. The accuracy of using the ANN model was measured using three statistical measures, namely the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE), with values of 0.99, 152.16, and 203.92, respectively. Predicting the bearing capacity of a foundation using the ANN model generates results that are usually similar to the bearing capacity of a foundation using the FELA approach.
วิทยา จิตชัยเจริญ
Application of ANN and FELA for Predicting Pullout Capacity of Caissons in Anisotropic Clays
This work aims to study the pullout capacity of suction caissons in anisotropic clays under axisymmetric conditions. There are three dimensionless parameters considered in this study as input parameters including the ratio of depth to width of a caisson, adhesion factor, and the ratio of undraind shear strength obtained from compressive and tensile triaxials. The results of the dimensionless pullout capacity of suction caissons are carried out by using finite element limit analysis software, namely OptumG2. The results show that the dimensionless pullout capacity of a suction caisson increases when a dimensionless input parameter increases. In addition, three dimensionless input parameters influence the failure mechanism of suction caissons, where the size of failure significantly depends on an increase or a decrease in a dimensionless input parameter. In addition, this paper presents an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based approach for predicting new solutions for stability problems of offshore foundations. The data was also analyzed using an artificial neural network (ANN) model which achieved an accuracy of R2 = 99.94 % in predicting the pullout capacity according to failure criteria.
Bearing Capacity of Spatially Random Anisotropic Clay Using Finite Element Limit Analyses
This article presents the combination of the random field methodology and Random Adaptive Finite Element Limit Analysis (RAFELA) with the upper and lower bound finite element limit analysis using OPTUM G2 software. The effect of spatial correlation length on anisotropic undrained shear strength, variation coefficient of anisotropic undrained shear strength, soil layers, and geometric shape conditions are studied in terms of stability numbers, failure probability, safety and failure patterns of shallow foundations under planestrain conditions. In this studied anisotropic undrained shear strength has a log-normal distribution pattern characterizing. Stability analysis is divided in two steps: deterministic analysis of anisotropic undrained shear strength and random method with stochastic analysis, the Monte Carlo simulation is used to simulate possibility with many iterative processes with Monte Carlo Simulation of anisotropic undrained random field shear strength. The results obtained from both methods were analyzed to determine the factor of safety that made the probability of failure less than 0.001 and present the appropriate factor of safety and probability of failure for the problem of shallow foundation. The results were that failure probability of anisotropic undrained shear strength is noticeably higher in random stability numbers compared to custom stability numbers. However, variation coefficient of anisotropic undrained shear strength influenced stability numbers, probability of failure, safely factors and failure patterns more than others.
ก้องตะวัน แสงจินดา
Effect of Soil Spatial Variability on Consolidation Settlement of Large Filled Area
Land reclamation, which is usually performed over a large area, is a solution to solve land shortage in many countries. Consolidation settlement after land reclamation is unavoidable and that is why the prediction of consolidation settlement must earnestly be considered in the design stage. In practice, the soils are normally considered to be homogeneous by ignoring the uncertainty of soil properties. Although stochastic finite element (FE) method has been carried out to investigate consolidation behaviors in some previous works; however, there are only few studies that performed stochastic consolidation settlement over large area based on limited field data. Therefore, in this study, an approach based on stochastic FE considering soil spatial variability is implemented and developed to systematically predict consolidation settlement of large land reclamation. Stochastic FE modeling is established through FE software PLAXIS 2D. Statistical parameters collected from limited field data are analyzed and adopted for stochastic FE analysis. The obtained results showed that the results obtained from stochastic FE are in good agreement with the final settlement which means considering the uncertainties of soil properties is more appropriate to evaluate the risk of problems caused by the settlement.
สนั่น พิรุณจินดา
Study of Quality of Embankment Construction Control in Road Work
The compaction standard for highway embankment works can be carried out on the basis of laboratory soil compaction tests to determine the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content (OMC) of the soil. The soil compaction process in the field is done by using a compaction vehicle to achieve a required dry density obtained from the laboratory. According to the construction standards of the main road work agencies, such as the Department of Highways, the Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning, and the Department of Rural Roads, soil compaction is often required a dry density in the field to achieve not less than 95 percent of the maximum dry density obtained from laboratory compaction tests and the moisture content to be a value between OMC2%. However, a real construction situation involves many more uncertainties than those of a laboratory environment. Therefore, a construction quality control and inspection of dry density and water content during field operation are essential. The objective of this study is to statistically analyze the quality of embankment construction control of road work in Chonburi Province.
Geotechnical Database of Chiang Mai Basin Using GIS Approach for Soil Liquefaction Analysis
Chiang Mai basin where the Chiang Mai city located on is susceptible to seismic activity due to its proximity to an active fault zone. One potential consequence of an earthquake in this area is soil liquefaction. This is because the topsoil in Chiang Mai basin is mostly composed of alluvium, which is a mixture of clay, sand, and silt deposited by rivers. This study gathered geotechnical data of Chiang Mai basin including boring-log, water table levels, peak ground acceleration, shear wave velocity, and geological maps. Interpolation methods such as inverse distance weighting, nearest-neighbor, natural neighbor, and kriging were implemented to create a GIS database for soil liquefaction analysis. The accuracy of the interpolation methods was evaluated using the root mean square error. The GIS database was also compared to the actual geology of the Chiang Mai basin. The results of this study can be used to prepare a soil liquefaction hazard map in the future.
ธนพร สิทธิกรวนิช
Static Behavior of Reconstituted Soft Soil in Different Maximum Past Pressure under Triaxial Test
Soft soils are poorly stable soils. Usually found at shallow depths, the soil is often disturbed by sampling. In addition, the variability of soil properties such as moisture content, unit weight, maximum past pressure, and the contamination of organic matter in the shallow depth which makes test results unreliable. To reduce the variability of the soil’s initial properties. In this research, the kaolin clay was prepared by slurry consolidation method. Three different maximum stresses were applied to create a normally consolidated soil (OCR = 1) and two overconsolidated soil (OCR = 3, 5). After that samples were tested by a consolidated undrained triaxial test (CU test) under a constant 40 kPa of confining pressure. The sample preparation displayed that the variability of the initial soil properties can be controlled. From the shear test results, they were found that soil strength tends to increase as the OCR increases. Pore pressure in the soil mass decreased after the soil begins to expand and the value dropped greatly as OCR increases. In addition, the normalized shear strength estimation of kaolin soils showed that the obtained equation was close to that of low-plasticity silt.
ภูริวิทย์ ใจแก้ว
ธวัชชัย ตันชัยสวัสดิ์
Skin Friction Degradation Due to Shrinkage of Expansive Soil
This research discusses the loss of pile surface friction due to the contraction of the natural expansive soil found in Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima. The research was tested on the surface friction of piles embedded in a mixture of expansive soil and clay found in large quantities in the same area. The soil sample is prepared with stand compaction method. The expansive soil used had a mixture ratio of 0, 50, and 100. The 16 mm diameter steel rod is pushed through the compacted soil sample to avoid end resistance to the steel rod. The soil is left to dry under ambient conditions. From the test results, it was found that the resistance at the pile surface decreased when soil water content was changing caused by soil shrinkage. Therefore, the correlation between surface resistance and pile subsidence was established as the modulus of pile-soil reaction of friction ( ). The vary with changing of soil water content for clay soil with swelling 50 %. In this research, the relationship between adhesion factor ( ) and water content in the soil was proposed, which could be used as a guideline for the design of piles in clay-swelling soils.
The Relationship between Soil Extrusion Force in Soil Extrusion Process and Undrained Shear Strength
This research aims to study the relationship between the extrusion force applied to the soil sample during the soil extrusion process and the undrained shear strength from the unconfined compression test. The sampling site is the Research and Analysis Division, Civil Engineering Department, The state railway of Thailand in Jatuchak, Bangkok. A total of 105 samples were obtained from seven boreholes with a thin wall of 2.5-inch diameter. Samples were collected at every one meter up to 15 meters belowground. Atterberg's limit of the soil sample, including Liquid Limit (L.L.), is in the range of 26.33-88.10%, the Plastic Limit(P.L.) is in the range of 15.42-49.31%, and the natural moisture content is in the range of 12.41-75.88%. The study found that extrusion force applied to the soil sample directly related to the undrained shear strength.
นครินทร์ ศรีวิชัย
Investigation of Permeability Function of Pavement Materials in Unsaturated Condition and Its Application
The moisture content of the pavement material is an important factor that affects the strength of the pavement structure. This paper presents a study on the permeability function in unsaturated conditions of pavement materials with the Instantaneous Profile Method (IPM). The gravel and laterite were selected for testing with suction between 0 and 100 kPa. The results showed that the coefficient of permeability was in the range of 1x10-5 to 1x10-10 m/s and the air entry suction value of soil water characteristic curve varied between 1 to 3 kPa. The result of this study was applied to estimate moisture variation in the pavement due fluctuating groundwater level and to find the preventive solution for moisture-related deterioration of pavement materials in the future.
ธีรภัทร์ ศิริรัตนฉัตร
Dam Safety Remote Monitoring System (DS-RMS)
Dam Safety Remote Monitoring System (DS-RMS) or called “Dam Health System” is a project that developed to improve dam safety evaluation process. The system acquire data in real time from many kind of automatic instruments like piezometer, seepage weir, seismic instrument, etc. And Assess dam safety status by virtual Expert System developed by dam safety experts so that evaluate the safety status of the dam quickly and accurately then send the result via E-mail or SMS to personnel involved in dam safety surveillance to get information quickly and identify abnormalities that may occur in order to make a properly decision timely.
สิริเชษฐ์ สำราญอยู่ดี
Displacement Monitoring of Infrastructure using InSAR technology : A Case Study of Upper Reservoir of Lamtakong Jolabha Vadhana Power Plant
The displacement of infrastructure is influenced by a variety of factors. If not monitored, it will result in heavy damage. Therefore, another alternative for monitoring structures is to use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology, which can examine more structure details and reduce the use of human resources, resulting in a lower long-term cost of monitoring structures. The goals of this study were to present the results of using InSAR technology to monitor the displacement of infrastructure in a variety of formats. We used time-series data from each of the 34 Sentinel-1 satellite images for ascending and descending orbits, from January 2017 to January 2023. InSAR time-series technology was used to evaluate the data. The study area is the upper reservoir of Lamtakong Jolabha Vadhana Power Plant, located in Nakhon Ratchasima. The results showed that structure is subsiding, about -04.69 to +05.62 millimeters per year for ascending orbits and -03.84 to +05.84 millimeters per year for descending orbits which different displacements of structure may be caused by many reasons. An analysis using only ascending or descending orbits data may be insufficient. Using information from both ascending and descending orbits can improve analyses' accuracy. However, the results of InSAR time-series analysis can be applied to engineering techniques and geographic information to solve the problem more precisely.
The study of the duration for controlling the usage of installed air chambers affected on the pressure and flow rate in the water supply system
This study aims to investigate how the duration for controlling the usage of installed air chambers affected on the pressure and flow rate in the water supply system. This experiment was conducted by using a water supply system with a maximum of three Air chambers, passing through a 2-inch-water pipe. The experiment was divided into nine cases, each with a different control of Air Chamber usage and the opening and closing of the downstream door using a flow rate ranging from 140 to 300 litres per minute. The findings indicated no differences between installing two and three Air chambers. In the aspect of controlling the Air Chamber usage, the eighth case study primarily tested by closing the downstream door and opening the Air Chamber until the pressure in the Air Chamber met the 6-second maximum. Secondly, allow the water in the pipe to drain. Following that, control the opening and closing of the air chamber usage with the downstream door for 10 seconds, periodically for 80 seconds. This approach can help trap the air in the pipe and represents the best solution to reduce the fluctuation of flow rate and pressure.
Measurement of Railway Tunnel Cross-section with Laser Range Finder
Nowadays, State Railway of Thailand (SRT) provides the structure gauge along theirs own railway countrywide. Loading gauge is necessary limited and controlled to pass through the structure gauge. Tunnel is also one of the structure gauge needed to be concerned. Distance between the tunnel’s wall and rail cars may varied due to the wall movement itself, new locomotive, new passenger car, new container car and due to the rehabilitation of permanent way. All mentioned scenarios may cause the collision of tunnel wall and rail cars. From a report of a SRT working group responsible for inspecting railway supporting structure, there were unknown collisions between the mock up car and tunnel’s wall at Chongkhao tunnel, Nakhon Si Thammarat province. Therefore, for safety railway operation, precise inspection should be carried out and determines the exact locations of collision in the target tunnel. This paper shows two typical laser range finders were applied to develop basic measuring tools, accessories and a simple method to measure the target tunnel’s cross section. There were two prototypes with and without angle graduated discs. The measured data of distances from center of rail alignment to the tunnel’s wall at different angles were recorded and used to model proportionally the tunnel’s wall in a computer. The results showed that the prototypes were in function as expected to determine a specific collision location in the target tunnel. In conclusion, with the tools and measuring method in this paper, some scenario, e.g., abnormal of tunnel’s wall movements, unexpected lifting of rail and permanent structure, as well as enlargement of new loading gauges, will be effectively verified by the SRT local officers who are capable of using a user friendly and simple tool with low cost operation and maintenance.
กิติเดช สันติชัยอนันต์
สุริยา พิทักษ์กุล
Inland Waterway Infrastructure Geoinformatics for Risk Assessment and Hazard Mapping
Waterway risk assessment system to identify and analyze the waterway hazards and accident risk is recognized as a significant Vessel Traffic System (VTS) technology that can enhance the navigation efficiencies and can reduce the delays and economic losses. This research aims to develop the waterway risk assessment system by integrating technologies of geoinformatics and Augmented Reality (AR) and taking account of IMO requirements, and other relevant guidelines to identify hazard influencing the waterway risk. To demonstrate technology application, the system is successfully conduct risk analysis of waterway accident during 2017 to 2021 and create risk map as the level of risk along Chao Phraya river accidents that jointly caused by human error and environment due to the hazards external to ship including the accident of loss control and the contact with low clearance or short span bridge, a confluence, other dangers near the pier, hidden dangers beneath such as the wooden post and concrete piers. The system can enhance the effectiveness of accident survey and the presentation as visualization and mathematical analysis. In cases where future construction or operation are planned, this assessment system can analyze the waterway risk and create the visualization as risk map and AR images. The forthcoming observed hazards could foresee and even to mitigate in some extent at early stages
พงษ์ศักดิ์ สุริยวนากุล
Augmented Reality Model for Underground Construction of Electricity System and the Evaluation of Model Adoption Using FUZZY AHP
Augmented Reality (AR) modeling is recognized as a promising analysis tool and visualization technology of extended reality application in many practices including infrastructure planning and management. Adopting AR technology for underground construction of electrical system not only offers an engineering model development to potentially reduce the economics losses from accidents and work zone delay but also provides strategic response to support the eco-friendly development and livability in compliance with smart city concept in the National Strategy (2018-2037) and Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) strategics plan. This research aims to develop AR model for underground construction of electrical system and to evaluated AR model adoption by Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP). According to the development of AR model and its application of PEA construction project using Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) technique in Phetchaburi province, it is envisioned that this research presents AR model for underground construction in pre-construction, construction, and post-construction stages by taking account of the PEA requirements, and relevant guidelines. AR model can support all construction stages and can visualize complex workplace situations in both construction and training paradigm. In order to evaluate AR model adoption, this research applied Fuzzy AHP to prioritize influencing factors and alternatives of model adoptions by analyzed survey data of 30 correspondents from PEA, Department of Highway, Department of Rural Road, National Telecom Public Company Limited, Provincial Waterworks Authority, Provincial Administrative Organization. As a result, the influencing factors affecting model adoption are hardware and software limitations, organizational factors, Implementation, and caliber or worker performances, respectively. The model integration of 3D and AR is the influential model for underground construction of electrical system with the highest priority of model deployment followed by 2D model, and the integrated 2D and 3D model, and AR model, respectively. It is challenging to balance the level of AR development and the accuracy of model and alignment. Sharing and integrating national infrastructure network and database can help increase the efficiency of model and technology adoption.
Asphalt Concrete Properties testing and Performance assessment: 26 years of service on elevated road
Don Muang Tollway is 6 lanes elevated road. There are 3 lanes in each carriage way. The length is 21 km approximately. There are 24 on-off ramps. Superstructure is 25.35 m width. The structure is comprised of 10 T-girders with 18 cm concrete deck slab overlaid by 5 cm thick asphaltic pavement. Strip seal expansion joint was installed at the end of each span into concrete deck. Asphaltic plug joint was overlaid over the joint. AADT is approximately 100,000 trips/day. Tollway has been in service since 1994. In order to ensure 26 years old pavement quality, asphaltic concrete material has been tested. Samples of each lane were collected every kilometer. Marshall method such as density, void ratio, asphalt content, stability & flow has been performed. Pavement properties have been measured. International Friction Index (IFI) were measured by fixed slip method. International Roughness Index (IRI) and rut depth were measured by laser profilometer. All of the test results were overlaid together using GPS basis couple with pavement photographs. Pavement properties were diagnosed and evaluated. Total 197 cored samples were tested. Density is 2.22-2.46 g/sq.cm. Void ratio is 1.7-11.3%. Asphalt content is 4.95-5.13%. Stability is 2,560-6,850 lb. Sample of 99% has properties fall within Department of Highway’s standard# 408. Average rut depth is 5.11 mm, 99.5% is within standard. Average IRI is 2.71 m/km, 94.9% is within standard. Average IFI value is 0.41, 95.6% is within standard. These properties are beyond expectation for 26 years old pavement. Smoothness and friction are still good in service.
การศึกษาคุณสมบัติของอิฐทดแทนเพื่อใช้อนุรักษ์อาคารก่ออิฐโบราณ ชุมชนบ้านท่าแร่ จังหวัดสกลนคร
Ancient brick buildings in Ban Tha Rae community characteristics of load-bearing masonry wall structures, currently, 4 ancient brick buildings many cracks were found especially in the masonry walls and arched masonry arches. The purpose of this research is to study the properties of substitute bricks, using local clay to produce bricks by burning rice husks. The study, it was found that 1) The characteristics of the soil used for brick production were sandy clay. 2) Compressive Strength Test of Substitute Bricks Sample group A, clay mixed with rice husk ash at the ratio of 4% had the highest compressive strength. In sample B, clay mixed with sand at 20% and rice husk ash at 4% had the highest compressive strength. When comparing sample A, it had higher compressive strength than sample B. But the test results of the two samples of bricks is higher than the standard (TIS. 77-2517) and 3) the water absorption test of the replacement bricks in samples A and B found that sample B had less water absorption. The water absorption test results for both samples were not higher than the standard (TIS 77-2517). This study of replacement bricks is one of the methods for preserving old buildings to maintain their original condition and maintain their architectural identity. The relevant agencies can promote them to become a learning center and cultural attractions for those who are interested in the future.
จารุวัฒน์ ถาวรไพศาลชีวะ
ปกรณ์ พัฒนานุโรจน์
Mechanical Properties of a Base Materials Improvements by Portland Cement Mixing with Asphalt Emulsion
This paper presents the mechanical properties of a base materials, which improve by Portland cement mixing asphalt emulsion. The Department of Rural Roads had conducted the experiment to improve the base materials of road NM.3038 at the junction of road number 201 – Ban DonYai, Dan khun Thot District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. The sample of base materials was divided into two groups. The first group of base materials was without cement improvement. For the second group, the base materials were modified with cement. The content of Portland cement was fixed at 4.75 % by weight of base materials and asphalt emulsion was varied at the rate of 0%, 1% and 2% by weight of base materials. The results revealed that the unconfined compressive strength (USC) of base material proportionally decreases with the amount of asphalt emulsion. However, the increases in asphalt emulsion content enhance the indirect tensile strength (ITS) and resilient modulus value (Mr). Therefore, it proved that the base materials improvement by Portland cement mixing asphalt emulsion in group 1 had better mechanical properties than group 2.
จักรพงษ์ วงค์คำจันทร์
สกนธ์ พิทักษ์วินัย
ประจักษ์ ทูลกสิกร
พิทยุตม์ เจริญพันธุ์
นางสาวนูรีฮัน ซา
กฤษดา เหมือนเนียม
การศึกษาวิเคราะห์แนวทางการก่อสร้างทางเท้าและทางจักรยานโดยใช้วัสดุรีไซเคิลสำเร็จรูป
The purpose of this research is to be used as a guideline for studying the appropriate material and construction types of bicycle path. This research study can be divided into two main parts the first part is to study its physical characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each type of bicycle path including each details formulation for the case study. The alternative are of gravel cycle paths, spray seal treatment cycle paths, concrete surface cycle paths, asphalt surface cycle paths, concrete block pavers (CBPs), and recycle plastic road cycle paths. The research its use the Analytical Network process Analytic Network Process, (ANP) to find the most suitable bicycle path. These are 3 main criteria and 10 sub-criteria, These are 1. Construction factors which consist of Construction Cost, Construction Time and Difficulty in construction 2. Performances factors consist of Pavement quality, Service life, Asthetic and Environmental impact 3. Maintenance factors consist of Maintainability, Maintenance Costs and Future Modifications The study carried out by conducting a questionnaire survey with participation of road construction operators, contractors and cyclists. The obtained information was analyzed by the Analytic Network Process (ANP) to conclude and criticize on the selected types of bicycle lane construction.
Application of steel piles in infrastructure works
Steel piles are widely used in the foundation construction of many infrastructure projects in Thailand, such as tall street light poles, traffic signs, road foundations and walls, etc. The distinctive design makes the load-bearing characteristics of steel piles much more complex than those of ordinary piles. The advantage of steel piles is that they can support heavy loads. A variety of applications can be installed quickly. Both noise and vibration are absent. This article presents the design concepts and load-bearing behavior of steel pile foundations in various construction projects. A comparative analysis of the foundation load-bearing characteristics of steel piles and conventional piles from field inspection. The results of the study showed that in foundations with the same diameter and length of piles, steel piles had a higher maximum load-bearing capacity than conventional piles.
เชิงชาย ทิพย์วีรกุล
ประเสริฐ ธรรมมนุญกุล
สมเกียรติ ชูแสงสุข
A Study of the Properties of Asphalt Mixed with Hard-Resin of Yang Na (Dipterocapus Alatus)
งานวิจัยนี้ศึกษาคุณสมบัติของแอสฟัลต์ซีเมนต์ผสมกากยางเหนียวจากน้ำมันยางนาสำหรับการประยุกต์ใช้ในงานผิวถนน โดยทำการศึกษาคุณสมบัติพื้นฐานของแอสฟัลต์ซีเมนต์ กากยางเหนียว และแอสฟัลต์ซีเมนต์ผสมกากยางเหนียว โดยใช้อัตราส่วนผสมของกากยางเหนียวร้อยละ 3 7 และ 15 โดยน้ำหนัก ด้วยการทดสอบเพนิเทรชั่น (Penetration) การทดสอบความดึงยืดของวัสดุ (Ductility) การทดสอบจุดอ่อนตัวของวัสดุ (Softening point) และทำการทดสอบคุณสมบัติทางวิศวกรรมของแอสฟัลต์คอนกรีตผสมกากยางเหนียวตามมาตรการทดสอบแอสฟัลต์คอนกรีตด้วยวิธีมาร์แชลล์ (Marshall) จากผลการทดสอบคุณสมบัติพื้นฐานพบว่า กากยางเหนียวมีลักษณะคล้ายแอสฟัลต์ซีเมนต์ แต่เป็นวัสดุที่มีความเปราะ ซึ่งการเพิ่มปริมาณกากยางเหนียวในอัตราส่วนผสมต่าง ๆ จะส่งผลต่อพฤติกรรมของแอสฟัลต์ซีเมนต์ และผลการทดสอบแอสฟัลต์คอนกรีตผสมกากยางเหนียว พบว่าการเพิ่มปริมาณกากยางเหนียวในอัตราส่วนผสมร้อยละ 3 และ 7 โดยน้ำหนัก ส่งผลทำให้ความสามารถในการรับแรงและการเสียรูปถาวรมากขึ้น ดังนั้นกากยางเหนียวจากน้ำมันยางนาสามารถนำมาประยุกต์ใช้ในงานวิศวกรรมผิวทางได้
การประยุกต์ใช้งานเสริมผิวคอนกรีตแบบไม่เชื่อมประสานสำหรับผิวทางคอนกรีตปูนซีเมนต์ปอร์ตแลนด์ – กรณีศึกษาจากลานจอดเครื่องบินเดิมของท่าอากาศยานนานาชาติสุราษฎร์ธานี
This paper presents a case study on rehabilitation design and proper workflow that had been used in a project of existing apron 45000 Sq.m. by an Unbonded Concrete Overlay (UBCO) at Surat Thani International Airport, Surat Thani until the project was completed. The structure of the existing apron has deterioration from use such as cracking, potholes, and scaling. Thus, rehabilitation is needed to maintain functional ability and extend the lifetime by using a proper design with reference to AASHTO guidelines. From existing apron observation, it was found that the structure of the existing pavement is still strong. Therefore, repairing by UBCO was considered as the most effective method because it helps construction be easily applied, fast, saving, and worthwhile due to no existing pavement removal. However, this method has to be concerned about the thickness of the existing pavement and joint design.
พรเลิศ อู่สินสกุล
วรุตม์ ตันติวงษ์
Development of Digital Twin in Bridge Assessment Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Maintaining the Property of the Department of Highways
Digital twin (DT) is a key concept of industry 4.0 that can be applied in many fields, one of them is established for detailed virtual inspections and assessments of infrastructure assets, especially bridges. a digital twin model can be enabling users to monitor bridge also assessment to predictive maintenance, In the case of bridge, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is the most common advanced technologies that hold the potential to collect data and provide digital models by 3D-reconstruction process. This paper proposes the framework for developing a DT for bridge inspection and assessment that collect data from UAV-based photogrammetry ,a proof of concept case study based on the Thanarach Bridge in Ratchaburi, Data acquisition based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images and data storage from DOH, UAV-Based photogrammetry created 3D digital model as point cloud and then merge in to 3D bridge model to created digital twin model that consisted of information and surface model. The results of this research demonstrate the advantage of point cloud convert into 3D-Model process that applied in Digital Twin platforms with collecting data from UAV-based methodology for improve process of bridge inspection and assessment.
ภัททิยะ พึ่งวงศ์
การวิเคราะห์ความเปราะบางของโครงข่ายทางรถไฟในประเทศไทย
Rail transport plays an important role in driving society and the economy. However, disruptions on the railway network, especially natural disasters, remain a major obstacle to rail services. This article proposes a methodology for analysing the vulnerability of rail networks in the event of a flood. The method is developed based on a network flow-based model to predict the system performance during disruption and applies a Geographic Information System (GIS) to assess flood likelihood on the railway network. The study found that the top 10 most vulnerable railway links in Thailand are located in the central and upper central regions. Therefore, infrastructure managers and policy makers should particularly focus on these areas to create a suitable preventive strategy for enhancing the reliability and the resilience of the railway network in Thailand.
ภัทรศยา วราภิวัฒนพงศ์
ศิริยากรณ์ แกมขุนทด
Influencing Factor Analysis for Development Orientations of Electric Vehicle Using FAHP and TOPSIS
The development of Electric Vehicles (EV) by utilizing clean energy sources in the transportation sector is a target outlined in sustainable development goals (SDGs), Goal 7, as published by the United Nations (UN) in 2022. The setting of investment guideline for the improvement of infrastructure to support the uses of EV is a significant. The investment policy that sustains economic and social development including investments in charging stations, application utilization, safety enhancement, and trust-building which depends on decision complexity of various parties. The objective of this research is to analyze the influencing factors of the EV transition within economic, environmental, social aspects using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and rank the EV alternatives using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The questionnaire data are the syntheses of academic experts’ judgments working in related organizations. The results indicate that the influencing factors are safety, Value for Money, Value for Engineering, greenhouse gases emission and innovation adoption respectively. The practicable EV models are Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV), Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV), Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle (ICE) respectively. The result demonstrates that the approach to developing EV in 2023 focuses on BEV. In the long term, a trend moving towards development for FCEV as the technology are more reachable.
Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to Evaluate the Reflectivity of Highway Markings
Highway markings on pavement are important for road users in providing continuous information to drivers for controlling their vehicles orderly and safely. Good reflectivity of highway markings will lead to their functional efficiency. Nowadays, highway marking reflectivity can be measured by a survey vehicle with installed equipment in the field. This might pose the risk to the vehicle, take a long time for data collection and cause inconvenience to other drivers. This manuscript proposes the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) or drone to collect reflectivity data through photographs and analyze them by an image processing technique. Subsequently, the analyzed data are compared with ones from the traditional measurement currently implemented by the Department of Highways. Lastly, this manuscript will evaluate the new technology if it can be replaced the traditional measurement with its accuracy and limitations.
จินตสิทธิ์ ภู่พิชิต
Factors that Cause Rail Broken or Cracked with Standard Rail Defect Code Number UIC 712R
The effectiveness of the railway structure system gradually declines over time when it is in use. The portion of the rail that needs to make direct contact with the vehicle's wheels is the rail, which is a component of the rail. Many railway derailment occurrences are therefore linked to defective track, according to the pertinent data records about these accidents. These mishaps could be avoided if the broken point were identified. regularly according to Northeastern Railway data, it was discovered that 122 rails were damaged or cracked over the course of ten years at the Thanon Chira Junction-Nong Khai Station, the majority of which were due to fault codes in accordance with International Railway Association Standard (UIC Code 712R). The results of weighting for prioritizing factors that cause broken or cracked rail using defect code based on the standard of the International Union of Railways (UIC) showed that the first highest broken or cracked rail was code 200 (importance weight of 37.70%). The second highest one was code 135 (importance weight of 23.70%). The third highest one was code 421 (importance weight of 18 %). The fourth highest one was code 1321 (importance weight of 17 %). Code 200 demonstrated transverse break that had unidentified starting point. The break immediately happened particularly in very cold weather caused by the rail being used for a long time that led to fatigued rail. In addition, there were other causes that were from wheel slip, and rail wears leading to low strength to support the weight of the passing trains.
เอนก เนรมิตรครบุรี
Cost Forecasting Simulation for Green Office Building under the New Normal of Working Post COVID-19 Situation
Green buildings are energy-saving and environmentally friendly, which conform with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as established by the United Nations (UN). Investing in the development green office buildings is tricky and challenging due to high costs. Green buildings could be rated according to Thai’s Rating of Energy and Environmental Sustainability (TREES), in four different levels which are Certified, Gold, Silver, and Platinum. The COVID-19 epidemic crisis caused significant global changes. One of them is the change in work schedule arrangements and building usage from the Ministry of Public Health Policy. Therefore, when the COVID-19 crisis was better, investment planning should be done with greater caution, especially considering investment under the new normal in working environment which are remote working, hybrid working and work form office. The objective of this research is to establish cost forecasting simulation for green office building under the new normal in working post COVID-19 situation and analyzing values for money with the variance of demand which depends on the number of occupants, while the variance of supply depends on 4 levels of green building, non-green building and commercial development. The results of utilizing the decision tree analysis found that the NPV of non-green office with one-story commercial development has the highest which is 206,152,328 baht over the project's 25-year lifespan at a 10% discount rate. Therefore, investing in the development green office buildings will promote value for money and be beneficial when the investment period is planned according to building usage conditions.
Amount of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Public Transportation Services Case Study: Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Campus
The objective of this research is to study the amount of greenhouse gas emissions and to look for the way to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions from public transportation services, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Campus. There are 15 of public transportation vehicles which consist of 11 electric vehicles, 4 diesel vehicles which provide vehicle services in 3 routes: Line 1 blue, Line 2 red and Line 3 green. The study results showed that total greenhouse gas emissions of public transportation vehicles were 54,929 kgCO2eq/ year. The greenhouse gas emissions were 21,566 kgCO2eq/ year, 1,208 kgCO2eq/year and 14,155 kgCO2eq/year for Line 1 blue, Line 2 red and Line 3 green, respectively. The average of greenhouse gas emission of electric vehicles was 2,251 kgCO2eq/vehicle/year while the average of greenhouse gas emission of diesel vehicles was 7,543 kgCO2eq/vehicle/year. The comparison between electric vehicles and diesel vehicles, it was found that the diesel vehicles emitted more greenhouse gases than the electric vehicles about 5,292 kgCO2eq/vehicle/year. The greenhouse gases emitted from diesel vehicles more than 3.35 times of the electric vehicles. Presently, Prince of Songkla University uses both types of public transport vehicles. In the future, if Prince of Songkla University changes 4 diesel vehicles to electric vehicles. As a result, the public transportation vehicles of PSU can reduce the greenhouse gas emission about 21,168 kgCO2eq/year (30% of greenhouse gas emission reduction).
สมชาย โอตป์ฉิมพลี
Environmental Quality Monitoring : A Case Study of Songkhla Deep Sea Port Renovation
The objective of this research is to analyze the environmental quality during renovation of the Songkhla deep sea port where the piles were driven to replace the damaged piles for 4 months of renovation period. The environmental quality monitoring was monitored as follows: 1) sea water quality in front of the port, 2) sound level at the rehabilitation and entrance port areas, and 3) the particulate matter at the rehabilitation and entrance port areas. The monitoring results were compared with the announcements to the National Environment Board. The results showed that 1) the results of sea water quality monitoring for five times, i.e. transparency, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, pH and salinity did not exceed the sea water quality standards, type 5 utilization for industry and port, 2) the results of sound quality monitoring for 4 times showed that the 24-hour average sound level of the deep sea port exceeded the sound level standards. But at the entrance area of Songkhla deep sea port, the 24-hour average and maximum sound levels did not exceed the sound level standards and 3) the results of air quality monitoring for 4 times showed that the 24-hour average of TSP and PM10, did not exceed the air pollution standards. Therefore, port rehabilitation should add the preventive measures to reduce the sound level impact.
สุรางคนา ตรังคานนท์
อมรรัตน์ หวลกะสิน
เพ็ญนภา ทองประไพ
หทัยรัตน์ หิตาชาติ
Water Quality Monitoring: A Case Study of Samkong and Samrong Canals, Songkhla
Samkong and Samrong canals are important canals of Songkhla City that connect between the Gulf of Thailand and Songkhla lake. The canals receive wastewater from fishery, agriculture and households that results effected on the water pollution. For this reason, the water quality of canals is monitored at 2 points of water sampling each canal for 6 months from September 2022 – February 2023. The parameters were analyzed for water quality, including pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, total solids, total dissolved solids, nitrate-nitrogen, BOD, manganese, total coliforms, fecal coliforms and heavy metals. The analysis results were compared with the type 3 and 4 of surface water quality standards according to the Announcement of the National Environment Board No. 8, 1994. The water quality monitoring results of both canals showed that dissolved oxygen, BOD, total coliforms and fecal coliforms did not meet the water quality standards for surface water type 3, determined by the Environment Region 16. The heavy metal results showed that the heavy metal content in the water samples from both canals was not higher than the water quality standards The WQI analysis showed that WQI of Samkong and Samrong canals were 40.5 and 11.75 points, respectively. It was found that Samkong canal and Samrong canal had deteriorated water quality comparable to surface water type 4 and 5, respectively. Both canals have deteriorated water quality than type 3 surface water sources specified by the Environment Region 16.
วิชัยรัตน์ แก้วเจือ
นูรนาเดีย เส็นเหร็ม
Comparative Study of Assessment of Agricultural Governance Sustainability: A Case Study of Maize and Integrated Farming in Mae Chaem District, Chiang Mai Province
As of today, Thailand have established national sustainable development strategies and related sustainability reporting, as evidenced by Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In business operations, there is an increasing user demand for practical tools to support decision-making processes regarding the use of sustainability tool. In the northern part of Thailand, deforestation caused by non-sustainable agricultural consumption and production leads to trade barriers. This results in non-tariff barriers to trade in global livestock supply chain. Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture systems (SAFA) is a holistic global framework for the assessment of sustainability along food and agriculture value chains proposed by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). In this paper, SAFA is used for assessing sustainability in only governance dimension from all dimensions of sustainability (environmental, social, economic and governance issues). Case Study of maize and integrated farming in Mae Chaem District, Chiang Mai Province is presented. The result shows that the level of agricultural governance sustainability in case study of maize and integrated farming in Mae Chaem District, Chiang Mai Province is highly depended on the readiness of enterprise. The large enterprises normally operate clear governance activity with document and system resulting in high score of governance sustainability. However, the small enterprises rarely operate that system because of limited knowledge and budget. The recommendation is that central government should provides knowledge and tool to support agricultural governance sustainability in Thailand.
Sustainability Assessment of Good Governance of Rubber Industry in Thailand
Sustainable investment with social responsibility is the main investment trend in the world market now. The investment value in “Environmental, social, and corporate governance” or ESG is increasing approximately 10 times. in Thailand, the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) developed “Sustainability Index” to be the standard to evaluate sustainable development in each company. For agriculture systems, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) proposed Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture Systems (SAFA) in governance context to address this issue in 5 themes: (1) Corporate Ethics (2) Accountability (3) Participation (4) Rule of Law (5) Holistic Management. The analysis results from this study show that the value of sustainability assessment of food and agriculture systems for rubber industry in Thailand is approximately 4.0 from 5.0 score. The assessment value is quite good because there are industry laws and regulations for basic operation in each factory under same Thai standard. However, the value under classification of the factory size shows that big firms provide greater value than group of small and medium factory approximately 20 % (score 4.4 and 3.7, respectively). This shows the gap between two groups of Thailand industry
อุ่นเรือน เล็กน้อย
Forecast of Future Dengue Infection under Global Climate Change Model
Dengue fever is a disease caused by a virus transmitted through mosquitoes, impacting millions of people worldwide and posing a significant public health challenge. Climate change is expected to exacerbate the situation by expanding the habitat of Aedes mosquitoes, the primary carriers of the virus. This article analyzes the projected impact of climate change on dengue fever in Chiang Mai province, using five global climate models (GCMs) - CMCC, IPSL, NESM3, TaiESM1, and MIROC6 - to estimate future dengue fever infections. The study employs multiple linear regression and quartile mapping techniques, focusing on environmental factors such as temperature, rainfall, and temperature ranges, which significantly impact the disease's spread. The goal is to assess the effectiveness of these models in predicting future dengue fever cases while maintaining the average number of infections close to current levels. This prediction can serve as a valuable tool for healthcare organizations in Chiang Mai province to prepare for the potential spread of dengue fever in the future.
Comparison between Magnetic Ion Exchange Resin and Coagulation for THM Precursors Removal
Quality of water supply is always a crucial matter of concern, especially after Covid-19 pandemic. Chemical disinfection could lead to a health risk due to an exposure to carcinogenic disinfection by-products (DBPs) due to a reaction between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and chlorine-based disinfectant. This study investigates water treatment process for the removal of DOM from a raw water collected from U-tapao canal, Songkla province. Conventional poly-aluminum chloride coagulation was compared to magnetic ion exchange (MIEX) resin for its efficacy in DOM removal and reduction of DBPs formation. The raw water contained 2.31 mg/L of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), resulted in trihalomethane formation potential (THM-FP) of 349 µg/L under 24-hour chlorination. MIEX resin was more effective than coagulation at DOC removal. At its optimum dose, coagulation achieved 43% and 45% of DOC removal and THMs formation potential reduction, respectively. MIEX treatment alone removed 64% of DOC and thus reduced THMs formation potential by 63%. Coagulation treatment was effective at reduction of formation of chloroform but led to an increase in brominated THMs formation. MIEX treatment reduced formation of both chlorinated and brominated THMs effectively. MIEX pre-treatment prior to coagulation reduced coagulation demand and chlorine demand. DOM characterization using fluorescence excitation emission matrix revealed that coagulation showed preferential removal of humic-like substances, while MIEX resin was effective at removal of all DOM fractions.
Effects of Pretreatment on Papyrus Using Two-stage of Hydrothermal and Chemical Pretreatment Using Sodium Hydroxide
Papyrus is a lignocellulose plant with high cellulose content, requiring proper pretreatment. It has a high productivity rate and is easy to grow, which is suitable for producing cellulose fibers to absorb contaminants in wastewater. This research aimed to study papyrus' chemical composition and morphology before and after two-stage pretreatment. The pretreatment was carried out in the first step by a hydrothermal process at 220 °C for 15 minutes and then by pretreatment with 5% sodium hydroxide solution at 120°C. The pretreatment time was varied at 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The results showed that the papyrus before pretreatment contained cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents of 48.88, 11.1, and 7.69%, respectively. It causes morphological changes with a fractured surface and no adhesion. This demonstrates that the lignin structure that binds cellulose is destroyed. The chemical composition after pretreatment contained the highest cellulose content at 60 min. It gave the best cellulose content, equal to 89.23%, and removed the highest hemicellulose and lignin content.
ฐนียา รังษีสุริยะชัย
มณฑิรา พงษ์พยัคฆ์
คฑาพล ปิ่นพัฒนพงศ์
Effect of Two-stage Pretreatment on Chemical Composition of Napier Grass Using Steam Explosion and Alkaline Solution
The purpose of this research was to study the effect of two-stage pretreatment on Napier grass by combining pretreatment between steam explosion pretreatment and pretreatment with alkaline sodium hydroxide solution. This experiment was performed in a two-stage pretreatment, in which the pretreatment was first performed by steam explosion at 120 °C, and the pretreatment time was varied at 45 and 60 min. The second was treated with sodium hydroxide solutions at 3.5% and 5.5% concentrations at 120 °C for 40 min. The cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin components of Napier grass was analyzed before and after treatment at all stages. Factors affecting the pretreatment process with this method are time, temperature, size of substrate used and the concentration of the alkaline solution. The results showed that the chemical composition was changed after the two-step pretreatment, which was able to remove lignin and increase the cellulose content better than the one-step pretreatment. It can be used in the production of cellulose fiber material to absorb heavy metals in wastewater.
พัชราภา สวัสดิ์ขวัญเมือง
Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Industrial Wastewater by Modified Sunflower Seed Husks: Adsorption and Kinetics
Modified sunflower seed husk was used as adsorbent to remove Ni (II), Zn (II), Pb (II), and Cd (II) from synthetic and automotive industrial wastewater. Sunflower husk was treated by 0.8 M K2CO3, 400°C (400-K2CO3MSSH). The adsorption experiments were conducted with an initial metal ion concentration of 100 mg/L and pH of 5. In a batch experiment of single metal ion synthetic wastewater, it was found that the adsorption percentages of Ni (II), Zn (II), Pb (II), and Cd (II) were 96.50, 97.03, 96.98 and 97.54, respectively. For mixed-ions synthetic wastewater, competitive removal percentage of Ni (II), Zn (II), Pb (II), and Cd (II) were 87.16, 94.30, 98.02 and 97.01, respectively. Wastewater from the automotive industry containing Ni (II), and Zn (II) had an efficiency removal of 75.25% and 87.50%, whereas the lathe work had 78.18% and 88.34% of Zn (II) and Pb (II) removal respectively. The experimental results were found to fit the Langmuir isotherm model. The kinetics of adsorption showed the pseudo-second order model in both single and mixed synthetic wastewater. For single ion adsorption, it was found that the pseudo second order rate constant were 0.032, 0.134, 0.108, and 0.156 g/mg-min and the adsorption capacity at equilibrium were 7.39, 10.56, 10.76 and 10.52 mg/g for Ni (II) Zn (II) Pb (II) and Cd (II), respectively.
ศิริวรรณ ศรีสรฉัตร์
Preparation and Characterization of Micro Spent Coffee Ground Activated Carbon for the Treatment of Rubber Industry Wastewater
This research was conducted to study the preparation and characterization of micro spent coffee ground activated carbon for the treatment of rubber industry wastewater. The rubber industry wastewater contains high concentrations of organic compounds, nitrogen, sulfate and other contaminants. The sulfate can cause the release of the toxic hydrogen sulfide gas that smells like rotten eggs. Early experiments showed that untreated rubber industry wastewater had a turbidity value of 29.8 NTU and a pH value of 8.4. The preparation of micro spent coffee ground activated carbon powder (using high-energy ball milling by carbonization at 400 °C via sodium chloride at 30%) was successful in helping to improve wastewater quality. The micro spent coffee ground activated carbon powder was characterized using scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the porous size of the powder is in the range of 1-4 µm. The analysis of energy dispersive x-ray showed that the micro spent coffee ground activated carbon powder contained mainly C, O, Na and Cl. The result of soaking micro spent coffee ground activated carbon powder in the wastewater for a period of 5 days showed that the treated rubber industry wastewater turbidity value is 9.6 NTU and the pH value is 8.5. It was also found that after being soaked in the wastewater, the micro spent coffee ground activated carbon powder also contained K, Mg, Ca, P and S, on top of C, O, Na and Cl that were originally detected.
Textile Wastewater Treatment by Mutant Enterobacter sp.
The current study aimed to enhance the ability of Enterobacter to decolorize textile wastewater (TW) by sequential mutation using the UV irradiation method. The wild type was exposed to UV for 60 sec at a distance of 60 cm. The mutant strain showed the highest decolorization efficiency at 87.52±0.11% after using the UV irradiation for 60 sec. While, only 81.15% was observed by wild type. Afterward, the effects of environmental conditions were optimized to enhance the decolorization of TW. The mutant strain showed the highest decolorization efficiency at 90.88% using 100% of TW under pH 7, 100 rpm, 35 °C and 12 h of incubation. Moreover, mutant not only decolorize dye in TW but also improved the quality of the water under optimal conditions. The treated TW met the criteria of the Water Quality Standard, Thailand.
Effect of Nickel Doping on Electrochemical Ozone Generation of Nickel and Antimony Doped Tin Oxide Anodes
Ozonization has been recognized as a highly effective agent for water and wastewater treatment, therefore, it has been applied for disinfection, oxidation of organic and inorganic compound, and destruction of microorganisms. Ozone can be generated by electrochemical process using the nickel and antimony doped tin oxide (NATO) catalyst. This study presents the optimal Ni content of NATO and their surface properties to correlate with ozone generation. The NATO anodes were prepared by sol-gel and dip-coating method with varying the Ni content between 0.5% and 3% with calcination temperature at 450 oC. The significant findings show that XRD pattern of all NATO anodes showed a single rutile phase, resulting Sb5+ and Ni2+ ions replaced into Sn4+ ions in the SnO2 lattice due to the ion radius. The morphology of NATO anodes demonstrated spherical shape and well disperse. Regarding the chemical oxidation state from XPS technique, the binding energies of the Sb3d3/2 peak at 540.61 eV and 541.49 eV agree with Sb3+ and Sb5+, respectively. These chemical oxidation state can drive to active sites of oxygen adsorption and ozone activity. The optimal Ni content at 1.5% on the NATO anode was obtained the maximum ozone current efficiency of 18.7% and the current density ca. 0.08 A cm-2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 with potential of 2.7V. The ozone current efficiency and current density decreased as a function of nickel content. An electrochemical oxidation rate is observed at high current densities due to production of •OH and O3.
สุปานดี มณีโลกย์
Action Plan for Student Graduation on Academic Schedule: A Case Study of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering Students
The objective of this research is to develop an action plan for Civil engineering program and Environmental engineering program to graduate within 4 years according to the curriculum criteria and curriculum quality assurance criteria according to the ASEAN University educational quality assurance standard (AUN-QA). This research used the design thinking as a guideline for conducting research and used the in-depth interviews through semi-structured interviews as the qualitative research method to obtain information from students who graduated more than 4 years of study or dropped out during their studies. The two groups of interviewed samples: 1) 33 students who spent time more than 4 years and 2) 14 staffs of academic and supporting staffs such as lecturers, technicians, engineers and academic support staffs, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. The results using inductive method showed that the main reason of students spend more time studying than the program prescribed or drop out during their studies were 1) the curriculum structure 2) the management of curriculum committees 3) lecturers and 4) the students. From the study results, it can be concluded that the action plans were developed to solve the curriculum framework and management, the new students’ orientation and the adjustment of criteria and grading method procedures.
The Instructional Management via the Flipped Classroom Technique Integrated with the Cooperative Learning and Project-Based in Structural Analysis by Moment Distribution Method.
The purpose of this research is to find the effects of instructional management via the Flipped Classroom technique integrated with the Cooperative Learning and Project-Based in structural analysis by Moment Distribution Method and to compare the academic achievement of students after learning. Also, study the satisfaction of students who were learning with learning model. The sampling group of the research is 25 students specifically selected from the 3rd year students in academic semester 2/2562 for B.Eng Civil Engineering and Education, Department of Teacher Training in Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technical Education, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok. The research instruments were the learning plan of Flipped Classroom technique integrated with the Cooperative Learning and Project-Based, assignment, test, student satisfaction assessment and online studying in Edpuzzle. The results of this research can be summarized as follows; the congruence between the behavioral objectives and the assignment, test of specialist assessment were 0.87 and the Teaching Management Plan level is the most appropriate ("X" ̅= 4.67, S.D. = 0.52) The result of the effectiveness of the that learning found that the average score of the exercise is 95 percent and the average testing score is 84.2 percent higher than the specified criteria 80/80. The achievement of students after learning with developed learning model was higher than before learning at the 0.05 level of significance. The students satisfied the instructional management in structural analysis by Moment Distribution Method at a highest level. ("X" ̅= 4.63, S.D. = 0.54)
Achievement of Learning Management Innovation for Civil Engineering Students with Flipped Classroom Technique using ICT-based Method
The objectives of this research were 1) to compare learners' learning achievements, 2) to compare learners' learning behavior achievements, and 3) to assess learners' satisfaction with learning management using the inverted classroom technique by using ICT as a base. The sample consisted of civil engineering students (Civil Engineering Program), Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya who enrolled in the course of Construction Engineering and Management in the second semester of the academic year 2022, which were 71 students. The tools used to collect data were: 1) the learning achievement test, pre-test, and post-test 2) the satisfaction questionnaire on learning management. The statistics used in data analysis consisted of basic statistics, namely mean and standard deviation. The statistic used to test the hypothesis was the t-test for the dependent sample. The results showed that learning achievement was higher than before teaching and learning with the flipped classroom technique using ICT as a statistical significance of level 0.01, and the students who received the learning management using the flipped classroom technique using ICT as bases were satisfied with all aspects of the learning management at a high level.
A Study of Learning Environment of Civil Engineering Students
This article aimed to search for the factors of the learning environment of civil engineering students as a guideline for improving teaching management and curriculum development. The researchers surveyed 100 undergraduate civil engineering students using convenient sampling and questionnaires. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and comparative statistical methods. The study found that the overall learning environment of civil engineering students was at the highest level. Important factors of the learning environment for teaching were: the ability of the instructor to convey knowledge effectively, the use of various teaching techniques, and the ability to answer questions and provide consultations. The important supporting factors were adequate laboratory facilities, supportive staff, and classroom characteristics. These findings suggest that educational institutions should have developed teachers and resources to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning.
การศึกษากลไกการป้องกันตนเองของผู้เรียนที่เกิดจากการเรียนรู้ในห้องเรียน
The purpose of research was to study self-defense mechanism of students in classroom. The students are distributed by DISC model such as Dominance as a bull, Influence as an eagle, Steadiness as a mouse and Conscientiousness as a bear. The sampling group are 235 students who are studying in the Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology. Research tools have been used by questionnaires about self-defense mechanism with rating scale. The statistics analysis is studied by percentage, mean, standard deviation, T-test, and ANOVA test respectively. The first five self-defense mechanisms are: suppression, compensation, benefaction, imitation, and projection. There is significant difference of genders at 0.05 level for one self-defense mechanism called Undoing. The significant difference of programs at 0.05 level showed 3 self-defense mechanisms such as forge, intellectualize and denied. Finally, there are important difference of students’ characteristics (DISC model) at 0.05 level for one self-defense mechanism called sense of humor. The results of the study displayed the good refection a self-defense mechanism of students in the classroom. This information can support to improve learning and teaching process and provide students learning efficiency.
นายเอกรัตน์ รวยรวย
เพียงเพ็ญ จิรชัย
ชุติกาญจน์ นารินรักษ์
ปิยะรัตน์ มั่นคง
TATIP V.1: The Application of Change Detection Technique with Cloud-Based Remote Sensing on Google Earth Engine Platform for the Study of Security Section
The application of civil engineering proficiency for the study of security section is quite a challenge. The study presents the “TATIP V.1”, which is a web application using change detection techniques with cloud-based remote sensing on Google Earth Engine platform for monitoring a significant site of the security. Satellite images of Sentinel-1 SAR on the areas of the Ream Naval Base (RNB), and the Sihanoukville International Airport (SIA) in Cambodia; the Me Tha Lut Airport (MTLA) in Myanmar; and the Don Mueang International Airport (DMIA) in Thailand during 2019-2022 are analyzed as case studies. The results of the study show the time-period frequency of changing in the study areas. The RNB has a constant change as well as the SIA, especially at the end of the year 2020. For the MTLA, there is clearly a frequent change in October to November in each year and the DMIA has a frequent change at the beginning of September 2020. The accuracy assessment of this study uses the comparison with true public news. It is found that there is corresponding with the results of the study. Thus, this study (TATIP V.1) can be used as a guideline and tool for the study of security sections to monitor the change of areas such as the security of natural resources, economic, military etc.
พงศ์พันธุ์ จันทะคัต
พีรศักดิ์ เอี่ยมละออ
เยาวเรศ จันทะคัต
The result online learning on Thai Massive Open Online Course in Civil Engineering Drawing and Reading course
This research aimed to 1) Create an effective online teaching materials in construction drawing on Thai Massive Open Online Course, 2) Study learners’ academic achievement in the construction drawing creation on Civil Engineering Drawing and Reading course and 3) Study general information on learning behavior and study learners’ satisfaction on learning the construction drawing creation on Civil Engineering Drawing and Reading course. Population in this study were 3,867 online learners enrolled in KMUTT001: Civil Engineering Drawing and Reading course of Thaimooc.org created by Thai Cyber University Development Project for Teaching and Learning in an Open System. Among these, 2,106 learners pass course criteria amounting to 54.50 % . Learners can score a total of not less than 70% through the specified criteria, 2,069 learners pass course criteria accounting for 53.50 % , and the behavior of the learners who are involved in learning all of the content from start to finish, complete all 8 Module, 2,119 learners pass course criteria accounting for 54.79 % . Learners had a high level of satisfaction with KMUTT001: Civil Engineering Drawing and Reading course, the mean was 4.39 (SD=0.75).
อินทร์ธิรา คำภีระ
Development of video media for online learning of basic woodworking, specifically on measuring techniques for Vocational Certificate level 1, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Due to COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand and across the world, learning management in educational institutions were difficult to achieve. Which affected practical subjects, especially Basic Woodworking subject, which is the subject that students are required to practice by themselves. Students were unable to understand online techniques and methods, essentially drafting and measuring the woodworking. Therefore, students could not build the work correctly. In this research, the efficiency of online learning media as video was studied about drafting and measuring woodworking for students by assigning woodwork and providing essential tools for students to complete it at home. The result was found that the average of students’ pre-test scores was 11.90 and post-test was 16.45. The statistical significance of 0.05 and E1/E2 instructional efficiency ratio was 82.25/91.5. Comparison of the test scores indicates that online learning video assists in learning Basic Woodworking subject efficiently.
ศุริวรรณ ชุมสุวรรณ
Testing for the Suitability of Ground Control Points and Flying Height for Calculating Earthwork Volume from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data
Nowadays, earthwork volume calculations use a Leveling or a total station to collect the topographic surface details in order to calculate the volume of earthwork by collecting the average surface detail an area, which results in inaccuracies in the calculated earthwork volume. To address these shortcomings, this research uses unmanned aerial vehicles type multirotor to collect topographical details by using photogrammetry theory and to study the impact of surface topographic data obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles. Drivers are formed by ground control points and flying heights by defining four types of control points, namely without ground control points, around of the area, In the center of the area and distributed grids. By specifying the Flying Height at 50 m, 60 m, and 70 m. The results of the test for finding the location of the ground control point suitable for calculating the earthwork volume showed that the positioning of the ground control point in a grid pattern was distributed over the area and the Flying Height. At 50 m, it was the most accuracy when Compared to the earthwork volume obtained from the total station and the error of earthwork volume at 1.78 cubic meters, representing a volume discrepancy of 1.13%.
A Study of the Depth of the Channel Using a Low-Cost GNSS Receiver Built into a Fish Finder Sounder Case Study of Songkhla Lake, Songkhla Province
A bathymetric survey of the marine channel depth is crucial as the channel is constantly undergoing changes due to the sedimentation caused by human activities and natural processes. The accumulation of sediment in the channel leads to variations in its depth, making navigation and docking of ships in the area potentially hazardous. However, the cost of hydrographic surveying tools and equipment is relatively high due to the specialized nature of the technology. In this study, we propose a cost-effective method for conducting thorough water depth sounding and sediment location determination by utilizing a low-cost satellite receiver integrated with the Echo Sounder, which is widely accepted among sailors. The proposed method will be applied at Songkhla Lake, which is a multi-water region with three distinct water types: freshwater, brackish water, and mixed saltwater. Additionally, the vertical values obtained by the water meter and echo-sounding methods will be compared in areas with different water types, to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method. Studies have shown that the water type does not affect the vertical accuracy obtained by a fish finder sounder. Furthermore, the vertical values obtained from the echo sounder can be applied to the dredging of coastal channels and maintenance, as well as leveling.
ถิรวัฒน์ บรรณกุลพิพัฒน์
The Relationship between Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll-A Concentration in Coastal Sea Upper Gulf of Thailand
Studies of the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations contribute to the support of monitoring and assessment of the marine environment. Chlorophyll-a is an indicator of phytoplankton abundance and biomass in coastal water sources, while sea surface temperature is one of the factors influencing the growth of phytoplankton. Therefore, monthly satellite imagery data is used, which is product data level 3, through geometric correction and projection system, providing a spatial resolution of 4.6 kilometers from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua satellite for the period 2015-2022 was used to create monthly climate average data from that period 8 years to find relationships and to observe temporal and spatial changes in the coastal sea the upper Gulf of Thailand. From the results of the study of the changes according to the months and the monsoon period, it was found that since January, the sea surface temperature gradually increased and the average maximum temperature was in May, then the temperature began to decrease. While the chlorophyll concentration was highest in September. The annual monthly averages of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll concentrations show a positive relationship during the northeast monsoon and a negative relationship during the southwest monsoon. It has statistical significance at the 0.01 level with the influence of monsoon winds. In addition, during the southwest monsoon, there was upwelling. Which carries cold water masses and nutrients from deep water to the sea surface, influencing the concentration of chlorophyll and the sea surface temperature decreased.
The Study of Risk Levels of Flood in the Southern Region by Applying Geographic Information System (GIS)
This study applied a Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model to analyze the level of flood risk in the southern region of Thailand. Seven factors were used for analysis, including average rainfall data for the past 10 years, distance from the main river, soil types, obstacles to water flow, elevation above mean sea level, slope of the land, and land use. These factors were overlaid and weighted based on the assessment of experts to classify the flood risk into five levels: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. The results showed that the factor that most influenced flood risk in the southern region of Thailand was average rainfall data for the past 10 years, and the highest level of flood risk was found to be 9.64% of the southern region. The areas at highest risk were those close to the main river, low-lying areas, and coastal areas. Therefore, it is recommended that both structural and non-structural measures be implemented to mitigate the impact of floods in these areas.
เศรษฐา บุตรประเสริฐ
รศ.ร.อ.พิพัฒน์ สอนวงษ์
รศ.ดร.ชวเลข วณิชเวทิน
The Positioning Accuracy Assessment of Low-Cost GNSS Receiver for the Use of Landslide Monitoring
Nowadays, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is widely used for monitoring land movement because relative survey techniques and geodetic GNSS receivers' performance can provide high positioning accuracy. However, due to their high cost, geodetic GNSS receivers have limitations when monitoring land movement. This research evaluates positioning accuracy using low-cost GNSS receivers composed of u-blox ZEDF9P receiver boards and antennas. The study employs the real-time kinematic (RTK) survey technique, providing accurate real-time positions. The researchers simulate land displacement using a low-cost GNSS receiver and a geodetic GNSS receiver set on pillars that can move horizontally and vertically. The test is conducted in horizontal and vertical displacements to evaluate and compare the results from the low-cost and geodetic GNSS receivers with the actual displacements. The test results showed that the low-cost GNSS receiver provides better centimeter-level positioning accuracy and has slightly inferior accuracy than the geodetic GNSS receiver.
พรชัย พรชัยพูลทวี
The Finding Elevation with Geographic and UTM Coordinate
The Finding Elevation with Geographic and UTM Coordinate was prepared by Public Works Department Bangkok, with an elevation total of 879 point, in which the elevation point used the leveling methods and horizontal coordinate methods used GPS. The elevation point and horizontal coordinate are used to model grid elevation values, which consist of 49 rows 67 columns of grids, grid size 1000x1000 meters. Scope of UTM Bangkok lower left corner (N1495940.000,E643360.000) and upper right corner (N1543940.000,E709360.000) and Geographic lower left corner (133134.93312,1002146.656996) upper right corner (135736.778341,1005610.364321). An equation used to convert values between geographic coordinates and UTM coordinates are used to the equations of The Nation Geodetic Survey or Kruger or Snyder or Redfearn, the equations used to determine the level values, Bi-Linear, Bi-Quadratic and Bi-Cubic. Programs to process use AutoCAD Civil 3D and Microsoft Excel on sheets and programming by visual basic for applications. The test point for determined the level with geocoordinate and UTM coordinates uses the centroid of each district in Bangkok. The Finding Elevation with Geographic and UTM Coordinate. Level values can be found in all locations in Bangkok. By entering the Geographic coordinates or the UTM coordinates. Into the grid level model created. Level values derived from Geographic coordinates values and UTM coordinates values give average accuracy, Bi-Linear equation 0.0300.191 meters, Bi-Quadratic equation 0.0590.372 meters and Bi-Cubic equation 0.0650.392 meters.
กนกศักดิ์ ซื่อธานุวงศ์
วรพันธ์ แก้วพิทยาภรณ์
กฤษณา ชูลิตพันธ์พงศ์
Monitoring Land Subsidence in Bangkok Metropolis and Vicinity during 2017 – 2022 by InSAR Time Series Technique with MintPy Software
Natural and human activities both cause land subsidence, either directly activity, groundwater pumping and indirectly activity, urbanization and economic development. When the cumulative subsidence size exceeds the limits, it can cause damage. Thus, a routine system of monitoring land subsidence should be implemented. Although there are many methods that can precisely detect land subsidence but high cost and have a low spatial resolution. On the contrary, remote sensing using the InSAR technique can detect land subsidence. This research applies the Small Baseline technique to process Sentinel-1 data in ascending orbit 2017 - 2022 and in descending orbit 2018 - 2022 through MintPy software that has a processing time to update data quickly and suitable for detect land subsidence. The study area was Bangkok metropolis and vicinity which are the economic area of Thailand. From the research, it was found that the area with high subsidence tendency is Srinakarin-Romklao road and Samut Sakhon industrial area, with the displacement in the range of less than -30 millimeters per year. The correlation of the two datasets was in the range of 0.6 – 0.9 which are related. Therefore, there should be continuous monitoring and surveillance in such areas.
ณัฏฐริณีย์ เอี้ยวรัตนวดี
Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Rubber Monitoring: a Case Study of Nam Noi Sub-District, Hat Yai District, Songkhla Province
The aim of this study used Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for rubber monitoring in Nam Noi Sub-district, Hat Yai District, Songkhla Province. The study areas consisted of 4 plots. The first rubber plantation is 6 years old. The second rubber plantation is 8 years old. The third rubber plantation is 10 years old, and the fourth rubber plantation is 10 years old. By flying of data collection from unmanned aerial vehicle. In September 2021. the results from the vegetation index calculation showed that the data from the GLI index calculation had an average of 0.390, 0.461, 0.496, and 0.510, respectively. The GRVI index had an average of 0.167, 0.128, 0.087 and 0.117, respectively, the VARI index had an average of 0.332, 0.320, 0.291 and 0.352, respectively, and the ExG index had an average of -0.241, -0.192, -0.207 and -0.163, respectively. When comparing the Vegetation Index data, it was found that there have positive relations. The results showed that it can detect at the anomaly of the rubber tree from the green tone value.
จิรวัฒน์ จันทองพูน
กนกพร อินทะรัตน์
Evaluation of Harvest Status in Sugarcane Fields, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand using Sentinel-1 SAR Data
In this study, the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite image technology was employed to monitor the status of sugarcane fields and determine whether they had been harvested or not. The study was conducted during the closing season of sugar cane factories in Khon Kaen, utilizing L1 Ground Range Detection (GED) Polarization VV satellite image data from the Sentinel-1 satellite between 25 April 2021, and 14 December 2023, covering the Khon Kaen area (Path 164 Frame 538/ Path 164 Frame 533). A total of 14,971 sugarcane plots were surveyed in April 2021 to establish an appropriate backscatter trend to assess the status of the sugarcane fields. It was demonstrated that a backscatter range of -7.000 to -12.999 dB tended to represent harvested sugarcane fields. The accuracy of the study was verified by comparing the backscatter data with surveyed plots from the field on 18 January 2023, which indicated an accuracy of 83.017 percent, similar to the current system. The optical satellite results revealed an accuracy of 83.135 percent, suggesting that the SAR system could also be utilized to monitor the harvest.
แพรวา วิจิตรธนสาร
Analysis of the Risk of Flooding in Bangkok and Perimeter
Flood is a natural disaster caused by several factors. It affects people in huge ways, such as living, the environment, the economy etc. Thailand has been facing this problem for a long time, especially in Bangkok and its vicinity. Therefore, those areas need to be analysed for the risk of flooding. This research uses AHP (The analytical hierarchy process) and geographic information engineering techniques of Geographic Information Systems to analyse the risk of flood areas and create a map for further flood management and mitigation by using factors of DEM (Digital Elevation Model), slope, rainfall, repeated flood and land use. After that, weight factors which affect flooding are then reclassified. The data will be displayed as a research area flood risk map. Classify the risk as highest, high, moderate, low and normal. The results revealed that the most significant result was a moderate risk level, approximately 1,842.72 square kilometres, by 45.71% of flood areas. The low-risk level was 1,474.59 square kilometres, by 36.58% of flood areas. The high-risk level was 458.89 square kilometres, by 11.38% of flood areas. The normal risk level was 132.23 square kilometres, by 3.28% of flood areas. Moreover, the highest risk level was 122.47 square kilometres, by 3.04% of flood. the overall accuracy of the risk analysis was 77.6%and coefficient’s kappa was 0.68. Therefore, the consistency was in the good standard.
Positional Accuracy Assessment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Photogrammetry in Open-Pit Mines without Ground Control Points Using Coordinate Transformation
The popularity of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry surveys has increased due to their affordability and the ability to conduct automated flight surveys while simultaneously processing collected data. However, achieving accurate surveying results typically requires the use of dual-frequency Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations, which can be costly when implemented using multi-frequency GNSS receivers in conjunction with relative positioning methods for UAV and ground control point (GCP) positioning. Hence, more affordable alternatives are necessary to cater to general users. Nevertheless, UAV photogrammetry surveys offer numerous applications suitable for operations with varying required accuracy levels. This study assessed the position accuracy of UAV photogrammetry surveys in open-pit mines without GCPs. As the positioning of UAVs and check points use different methods, coordinate conversion is necessary to test position accuracy accurately. The test revealed a horizontal accuracy of 0.144 m RMSEr and a vertical accuracy of 0.470 m RMSEz, with a 95% confidence level indicating a horizontal accuracy within 0.230 m and a vertical accuracy within 0.913 m. Hence, the acquired horizontal data may be effectively utilized for standard mapping purposes at a scale smaller than 1:400 and adheres to established mapping and Geographic Information System (GIS) standards. Furthermore, the vertical accuracy of the data is suitable for contour interval mapping with a resolution of 1.400 meters or higher.
Side Slope Monitoring Road Number 12 Area Using Close-Range Photogrammetry
This article uses a close-range photogrammetry technique that can help to check and monitor the side slopes Route 12 area to make decisions for repairing soil slopes or warning of disasters. caused by landslides in advance. First, the researchers gave examples of 3 types of slopes: laterite slope, rock soil slope, and sprayed concrete slope. Second, take pictures with a digital camera, and configure the coordinates of ground control points. Inspection points with Total Station to create a 3D Model. The period of data collection was 1 year. The data were collected 12 times, dividing the data collection once a month. Next, Take the 3D model obtained from close-range photogrammetry processing. Let's analyze the movement of soil slopes each month. The results showed no movement of the 3 slope samples was found. However, traces of water erosion were found on the laterite slope and rocky soil slopes. In summary, using a close-range photogram can know the physical characteristics of soil slopes with centimeter accuracy.
Testing the Accuracy of Building Structure 3D Model from Point Clouds Data
Nowadays, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in engineering is more popular, especially the use of unmanned aerial vehicles to take pictures to create 3D models. For structural work, 3D models can be used to estimate construction costs. Structural Stability Analysis Editing or changing the structure, for example, necessitates an accurate and close-to-reality model. Therefore, this research was to test the validity of the building structure 3D Model generated by the point clouds data obtained from unmanned aerial vehicle image data processing. By specifying the characteristics of the building structure in two forms are ancient structures and reinforced concrete building structures, and require that the photographs' horizontal and vertical positional accuracy be no more than 6 cm, and draw the structure based on the size of the image spots. The accuracy of the building structure 3D Model was then verified by comparing the dimensions of the actual structure. The result of testing the model of the ancient structure found that there was a discrepancy between the horizontal and vertical dimensions, which were 1.8 cm and 2.4 cm, respectively. As for the test results of the reinforced concrete structure model, the mean horizontal and vertical deviations were 2.5 centimeters.
รุ่งโรจน์ จักภิระ
InSAR Spatial Analysis for Inspection Subsidence of Nakhon Sawan
Land subsidence is a significant problem that continues to occur, resulting in damage to homes, infrastructure, transport routes, and groundwater systems. This research project focuses on measuring the land subsidence rate in Nakhon Sawan Province by analyzing satellite images using Time-Series Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (TSInSAR), a photographic data analysis technique. This technique uses satellite data to measure distances and track elevation changes on the Earth's surface, making it useful for tracking land subsidence, and inspection of various building structures. Additionally, satellite images allow for analysis of data, reducing surveying costs and saving budget and labor. The study used time-series data consisting of 34 images taken between January 1, 2017 and February 1, 2023, from the Sentinel-1 satellite. Interferograms were created using the SNAP and MATLAB programs to obtain the results of the land subsidence rate. Checkpoints were processed in order to analyze and evaluate risk areas that may cause subsidence and to continue in the next operating step. The results showed a displacement of -5.2 to 4.4 millimeters per year, indicating significant subsidence in some areas of Nakhon Sawan Province, particularly in land use areas and areas with high use of groundwater, such as Krok Phra District, Mueang Nakhon Sawan District, Chum Saeng District, and Kao Liao District. The research demonstrates the effectiveness of InSAR time series technology in tracking land subsidence.
Using Open-source Software to Process Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR): a Case Study of Underground Utilities
Currently, the software used to process data obtained from underground geological surveys with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is often commercial software produced. This research aimed to test open-source software for GPR data processing. The researcher used Rstudio and Reflex2DQuick. We study the characteristics of signals obtained from underground geological survey tools using GPR survey data on Rojana Road in Ayutthaya Province and Road No. 7 Pattaya - Map Ta Phut, Pattaya City, Chonburi Province, 2022. The signal is based on electrical conductivity, which can conduct electric current, and the dielectric constant, which is the electrical properties. The dielectric constant refers to the polarity of the material at any temperature. The data layer is divided into two categories: the area with non-metallic pipes and the area with metallic pipes to determine the object type. The result is in a hyperbolic curve, indicating the characteristics of objects detected by GPR, such as concrete pipes, embedded underground metal pipes or antique walls. Through open-source software, it can be used to customise the signal wave and eliminate the interference mixed with the signal. It enables the surveyor to recognize that underground utilities can be used accurately without software cost.
สาริษฐ์ สามคุ้มพิมพ์
Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Highway Surveying in Case Study Highway No. 3574, Map Pu Intersection, Chonburi Province
This article presents the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) for highway surveying in case study highway No. 3574, Map Pu Intersection, Chonburi Province. Distance of about 5 km., flying along the highway and expanding the area to the side. The purpose is to analyze the location and number of ground control points that are suitable for highway works and to verify the positional accuracy of the obtained spatial data. In this study, the image has a pixel value of 4.11 cm., with 85% of the overlap and 75% of the side-lap flight time 4 flight and project take 987 images, 17 ground control points, 20 check points, by separately surveying 3 types of ground control points to evaluate the accuracy of the check points. The result is a survey of the ground control point divided into blocks, 1 km. each, 5 control points, 500 m. distance between points, giving the best of RMSE value of the check point, is the error of marking the ground control point, RMSE x of 0.37 mm., y of 0.42 mm. and z of 0.80 mm. The mean projection error is 0.095 pixel, the RMSE of the position of the check point is x of 5.43. cm., y of 5.25 cm. and z of 6.56 cm. which conforms to the Engineering UAV Survey Standard. and obtained Ortho-photo map and Digital Surface Model data.
ต่อลาภ การปลื้มจิตร
พรนรายณ์ บุญราศี